...- 17 THE FLYWHEEL REFERENCES D. Halliday, R. Resnick, and J. Walker. Fundamentals of Physics, 6th edition. Wiley, 2003. INTRODUCTION This experiment is an introduction to some basic concepts of rotational dynamics. A fairly realistic analysis of the motion of a flywheel can be made, assuming only that the net frictional torque on a rotating flywheel is constant. In performing this experiment, you will develop understanding of: ! rotational dynamics; ! evaluation of errors in measurements that may be difficult to obtain; ! estimation of a geometrically calculated quantity using simplified models. THEORY The basic equations for angular motion can often be obtained simply from those for linear motion by making the following substitutions: Linear variables Force, F Mass, m Velocity, v Momentum, p Acceleration, a Angular variables Torque, Moment of Inertia, I Angular velocity, Angular Momentum, L Angular acceleration, N.B. The analogy needs to be treated with caution. I is not a constant property of the body, as is mass, since its value depends on the axis around which it is measured. Thus Newton=s Law, F = d p d (m v ) = = m a , becomes: dt dt = dL d (I ) = =I dt dt . In words, the angular acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the torque applied to it and inversely proportional to the moment of inertia of the body about the relevant axis. THE FLYWHEEL -18The moment of inertia, I, is determined by imagining that the body is divided into a number of infinitesimal...
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...Good to Great “Why Some Companies Make the Leap... and Others Don’t" Harper Business, 2001, New York, NY. Review BySwarup Bose © www.hrfolks.com All Rights Reserved Table of Contents About the Author……………………………………….3 Thesis…………………………………………………...3 Chapter 1. Good is the Enemy of Great……………...4 Chapter 2.Level 5 Leadership………………………..5 Chapter 3. First Who….Then what…………………..6 Chapter 4. Confront the brutal facts…………………7 Chapter 5. Hedgehog Concept………………………9 Chapter 6. Cultural Discipline……………………….10 Chapter 7. Technological Accelerators…………….11 Chapter 8. The Flywheel And the Doom Loop…….12 Chapter 9. From Good To great To built to Last…..14 Learnings from Good to great……………………….15 Critique…………………………………………………16 . © www.hrfolks.com All Rights Reserved About the Author : Jim Collins is a student and teacher of enduring great companies -- how they grow, how they attain superior performance, and how good companies can become great companies. Having invested over a decade of research into the topic, Jim has co-authored three books, including the classic Built to Last, a fixture on the Business Week bestseller list for s eliminated wasteful luxuries, like executive dining rooms, corporate jets, lavish vacation spots, etc., for the good of the co mpany - to other people, external factors, and good luck. All 11 of the featured companies had this type of leadership, charactmulti-year research projects and works with executives from the private, public...
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...1.0 Super Capacitor Lab 2.0 Flywheel Lab 3.0 Introduction to Labview 1.0 SUPER CAPACITOR LAB The aim of this task is to observe charge and discharge characteristics of a super capacitor, after that to compare achieved and theoretical characteristics. 1. 1: Recording the Supercapacitors Charge Characteristic PANASONIC - EECHW0D306 - CAPACITOR, RADIAL, 30F, 2.3V Farnell 1305076 Using the battery discharge test PCB setup the charging experiment as shown below but DO NOT connect the capacitor. The current may exceed 500 mA so SET THE AMMETER TO THE 10A RANGE (using the correct terminal). Turn on the 5V supply and check the voltmeter reading is between 2.0V & 2.3V, record this value. If the voltage is correct switch off the supply and connect the capacitor observing the correct polarity. Now Turn on the 5V supply, this will immediately start charging the capacitor. Record in your logbook the voltage and current at 30 second intervals for ten minutes. Continue to record the voltage and current at one minute intervals until the capacitor reaches the voltage recorded above. It is important to record the time from the moment of connecting the current meter whenever recording values, rather than the interval. ************************************************************************ Table 1.1 Achieved results from capacitor charging Time, min | Voltage , V | Current , A | 0.5 | 0.53 | 0.45 | 1 | 0.82 | 0.43 | 1.5 | 1.08 | 0.4 | 2 | 1.26...
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...Measurement of the moment of inertia of a flywheel A flywheel of radius R is set up on a horizontal axle of radius r. A string of length h is wrapped round the axle with a mass m tied to the end (Figures 1 and 2). The moment of inertia of the flywheel and axle is I. The flywheel is accelerated by the couple applied by the mass m. The mass is allowed to fall through a height h at which point the string leaves the axle. The velocity of the falling mass at this instant is v and the angular velocity of the flywheel ω. The potential energy lost by the weight is converted into kinetic energy of the weight, kinetic energy of the flywheel and heat due to friction in the bearings. If the energy lost per revolution due to friction is E and the flywheel makes n1 revolutions during acceleration, then: mgh = ½ mv2 + ½ Iω2 + n1E The flywheel is then allowed to come to rest due to the frictional couple. If it stops after a further n2 revolutions then: ½ Iω2 = n2E Therefore: mgh = 1/2 mv2 + 1/2 Iω2 + (n1/n2)1/2 Iω2 = 1/2 mv2 + 1/2 Iω2(1 + n1/n2) We could convert linear velocity (v) into angular velocity (ω) if we wished using v = Rω. Now the angular velocity ω at the end of the period of the acceleration is given by: ω/2 = 2πn1/t Since ω>/2 is the average angular velocity of the flywheel and 2πn1 is the angular distance covered by any point on it in a time t. Hence the moment of inertia of the flywheel can be...
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...the flywheel ((s) and the precession of the gyroscope system((p). • Using Ws and (p above to calculate Izz (mass moment of inertia of the gyroscope) • Compare this experimental Izz to the theoretical Izz. A gyroscope is a mechanism consisting of a spinning flywheel, mounted on a base so that its axis can turn freely in any direction. The gyroscopic motion occurs whenever the axis about which the body is spinning is itself rotation about another axis. Gyroscope has a wide application in our daily life. The bicycle, for instance, is a good example of gyroscopic motion. The spinning wheel on bicycle act as a gyroscope, when we attempt to rotate the wheel about its axis, due to the procession of a gyroscope, the wheel will attempt to rotate about an axis perpendicular to the wheel axis. This procession keeps the wheel rotating either left or right so that the bicycle can stay upright. A gyrocompass is another example of the application of a gyroscope. The rotation of our earth about its axis gives it the properties of a huge gyroscope. The gyrocompass combines the action of the gyro rotor inside and the earth’s rotation to perform as a direction reference. II. Method 1) Apparatus used: • Gyroscope system(including a flywheel) • Electrical motor • Stroboscope • Stopwatch • Measuring ruler, pencil 2) Measuring angular velocity of the flywheel((s) • Rev up angular velocity of the flywheel with...
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...CONCLUSIONS Motivation for Electrical Energy Storage Price of Electricity Power Generation Energy Storage Time - Make Use of Volatile Electricity Prices - INTRODUCTION • Electricity! 3rd Largest Business in the USA $300 billion/per annum. • Demand for Electricity is seldom constant over time. • Excess generation during low demand periods - can be stored. • Stored Energy can provide Electricity during high demand. • Help reduce power system loads. • Improve Efficiency and Reliability. • Make better use of efficient Baseload generation. • Allow use of Renewable Energy technologies. TECHNOLOGIES • • • • Batteries Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) Flywheels Pumped Hydro Storage Two Main Categories: • Bulk Energy Storage – CAES-PHS • Distributed Energy Storage – Batteries-Flywheels-Other (capacitors) PROJECTS • OPERATING • UNDER CONSTRUCTION • PLANNED PROJECTS OPERATING • Bulk Energy Storage • PHS (Pumped Hydro) - First introduced circa 1904 in Swiss Alps. – 100,000 MW Europe, Asia & Latin America. – 21,000 MW Japan. – 18,900 MW in USA. (Installed 1970-1990) • CAES (Compressed Air Energy Storage) – Two Highly Successful Plants in Operation • E.ON (Germany) 290 MW Huntorf Facility • Alabama Electric Cooperative (USA) 110MW McIntosh Facility PUMPED HYDRO STORAGE (PHS) Ogelthorpe Power - Rocky Mountain – 848 MW from 3 units – Project Stopped in 1984 – Project purchased in Mid-80’s – Project completed 1995 – 1000 Acre/Ft. Reservoir ...
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...Term Project Electrical Vehicle: The car of a future Olga Ozhereleva Professor Di Credico RHYS 1132 December 3, 2013 Electrical Vehicle: The car of a future In all times and among all nations transport have been playing extremely important role. Today, the existence of any country is impossible without transport network. In the twentieth century, especially in the second half, huge changes have occurred in all countries of the. Population growth, increased consumption of material resources, urbanization, technological revolution, and natural- geographic, economic, political, social, and other fundamental factors have led to the fact that the transport network of the world has received unprecedented growth. Along with the growth of the numbers of vehicles produced, conventional forms of transport undergo radical reconstruction: speed was increased, design was changed, efficiency enhanced, more cars became available for people with different financial positions. At the same time some transport problems have emerged. These problems caused mostly by excessive development the automotive industry. Hypertrophied fleet of large cities in Europe, Asia and America is causing constant traffic jams on the streets. Moreover, these problems deprives citizens of the advantages of fast and maneuverable way of moving. The most important aspect of rapidly grooving production of vehicles seriously degrades the environment. Transport as a particularly dynamic system has always...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study In this age of industrialization and globalization, the importance of electricity is unquestionable. Considered as one of the basic needs of mankind, it is essential not only in performing household tasks or maintaining livelihood activities, but also in improving people’s well-being. Through electrification, people have greater access to productivity and developments in technology, infrastructure, health, education, communication, and even modern and sustainable livelihoods. However, despite its importance there are still many households especially here in Mindanao which do not have connection to electricity. Based on the results of the 2008 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey, two in every five poor Filipino families living in the urban or rural areas do not have electricity in their homes (National Statistics Office, 2008). The reason for this is the high cost of electricity.For the economically disadvantaged, electricity is considered a luxurious necessity. Another problem that confronts electricity utilization both in the urban and rural areas is the frequent power rate increase and the prevailing power shortages. Based on the situation here in Iligan City as of May 2013, insufficient power supply caused Iligan Light and Power, Inc. (ILPI) to purchase additional 10 MW from MPC (Mapalad Power Corporation). This resulted to increase in power cost from Php 6.53 per kWh to Php 7.67 per kWh. With the increase in demand, possibility...
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...|Holden 6 Cylinder Grey Motor | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | ...
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...DESCRIPTION OF MECHANISM Compressor are similar to pumps both increase the pressure on a fluid and both can transport the fluid through a pipe. Parts of Compressor Electric Motor The electric motor powers the compressor pump. The motor drive a pulley and two belts, which transfer power from the motor to the pump pistons via flywheel and a crank shaft. The flywheel fan helps cool the compressor pump. Compressor Pump The pump compresses the air and discharges it into the receiver. Two-stage air compressors have a minimum of two pump cylinders. Receiver The receiver (tank) stores the compressed air A check valve at the receiver inlet prevents the compressed air in the receiver from flowing back Into the compressor pump. Pressure Switch When the air pressure in the receiver reaches the factory-set limit, the pressure switch shuts down the motor. As compressed air Is used and the pressure level in the tank drops to a pre-set level, the pressure switch restarts the motor and the compressor resumes pumping air. Air Pressure Regulation The air pressure gauge on the pressure switch measures air pressure inside the receiver, not pressure in the airline. Shut-Off Valves Install shut-off valves in each drop line, to isolate the too land Its accessories for servicing You can also Install a bypass line around an accessory DESCRIPTION OF PROCESS: Process how to operate a compressor: 1. ------------------------------------------------- ...
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...Chemistry and Society Paper Johnathan Sutton CHM/110 15 May 2012 Jennifer Cruz Chemistry and Society Paper “In the field of science accuracy is the form of measurement that calculates the degree of closeness of a quality to its true value. Precision is a unit of measurement that is also referred as the ability to reproduce the same results multiple times” (Taylor, 1997). The differences are within the definitions, it all depends on what you are looking for within the results of a test for the proper use of these two units of measurements. Society depends on the accuracy and precision of measurements for products sold by the retail industry, such as a gallon of gasoline, a bushel of corn, or a liter of bottled water. These measurements have to be precise and accurate when it this relates to how farmers sell their products such as wheat, corn, milk, peanuts, and cotton, by weight and or in a bulk sale. Like food products gasoline, water, oil, and several other liquid goods are sold in quantity and if the measurements are not accurately sold per gallon then the United States government will not retain a profit from the barrel of gasoline, water, oil, and several other liquid goods that are purchased from other countries. I would have to say that this really is about supply and demand and the ability to generate a profit from the accuracy and precision of the weight and how much to sell an item for in most situations. Other ways society...
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...Jordan Lewis March 22, 2012 Ms. Sheilds Gentlemen Start Your Hybrids Due to the highly unsustainable nature of auto racing, there will have to be a drastic change by the people running it and the people who love the sport for it to survive. However when you look at the changes that the sport has made and is planning to make there is a lot of hope. There are a few people and teams in the sport that have actually started trying to and make a change. These ways are hopefully going to catch on or in the end, the sport as a whole could be doomed for failure. In a normal NASCAR race weekend it is estimated that about 6000 gallons of gas are consumed and the cars get an average of 2 – 5 Miles per Gallon (MPG). Formula 1, or F1, cars get about the same MPG at 3.1. This number is much more specific since the engines are much more regulated in F1 series. The average fuel consumption for cars and light trucks in the US is 17.1 MPG. So as you can see, to start off, race cars while achieving amazing feats of speed and lap times, fail in the department of sustainability. The shear amount of gas used is interesting in the fact that if the normal passenger car in the US is 17.1 MPG then one weekend of race fuel could power a normal car for 102,600 miles. Now, if we split that up for the number of cars that run in the weekend, which is 43 cars, then 1628.57 miles for your normal passenger car. So that means, that with the amount of gas NASCAR used you could drive from Auburn, AL to...
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...of voltage is depending upon the number of dynamos. Then the output is given to the lead acid battery (automobile exide battery) for charging. Then the charged battery can use for various applications. Some times the clearance may vary, at that time we can go for shaft with disc drive arrangement. That Disc drive has some reference stress value. When the stress increases, the shaft automatically bends, then the load comes to normal position, shaft regains its original position. To compensate the rest time, Flywheel is coupled in shaft. A little consideration will show that when the flywheel absorbs energy, its speed increases and when it releases energy, the speed decreases. Hence, a flywheel does not maintain a constant speed; it simply reduces the fluctuation of speed. In other words, A flywheel controls the speed variations caused by the fluctuation of the turning moment during each cycle of operation. In machines where the operation is intermittent, the flywheel stores energy form the power source during the greater portion of the operating cycle and gives it up during a small period of the cycle. Thus, the energy form the power source to the machines is supplied practically at a constant rate. OVERALL ARRANGEMENT ADVANTAGES • We do not need to make any holes on railway tracks, why in the sense there always holes on the track joints. Now a day in railways, they did not use those holes, so we can utilize that holes for shaft provisions. This is the...
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...an engine block. The engines pistons and rods are then rotated by a crankshaft at a high rate of speed through the power of internal combustion. Gasoline is then injected into an intake, where it blends with just the right amount of air to combust upon contact with a spark produced by a spark plug. This explosion then pushes the piston down, which in turn pushes another piston attached to the crankshaft back up. The rotating crankshaft then spins a flywheel attached to it, which transfers the power to the transmission. A transmission is a cars gearing system. It uses a sequence of gears to control the engines speed and revolutions. All engine have a red line, a maximum rpm value above which the engine cannot go without exploding. Depending on the engine the values may vary up or down. Different engines will have different power bands where the power is designed to be. The job of any transmission is to allow the driver to use these bands by shifting to designated gearing ratios to the engines full gearing potential. As the flywheel spins, it is engaged by a...
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...Contents P3.1 1 Analyse the functions of a product, e g forces acting on any four engine component, and what kind of material constraints should be taken into account based on various loading factors at its design phase. 1 Camshaft 1 push rod 2 valves springs 3 Piston 3 P3.2 5 Identify the function of the piston, connecting rod , crankshaft and fly wheel. list down and explain the materials and their properties the components which they are made with, along with the processing methods to make these components. 5 Piston 5 Connecting rod 6 Crankshaft 7 Flywheel 8 P3.3 9 Identify and explain the possible limitations, on the processing of piston, connecting rod and crankshaft and flywheel, which is imposed by processing costs, the need to safeguard...
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