...Research Article FM RADIO REVOLUTION IN PAKISTAN A case study - By Dr. Ahsan Akhtar Naz* Abstract Introduction Pakistani society is shifting towards change. Media is playing a vital role in this social change. In this regard, FM channels are being considered as more effective medium. These channels are running under the control of Pakistani Government. Now, these are spreading far and wide from metropolitans to towns. Due to this mass acceptance, these channels are acting as leverage of media revolution. The government regulatory authority PEMRA is regulating these channels. PEMRA has issued many licenses to cross media groups, businessmen, advertising agencies, public universities, etc. This analysis is about the popularity of these channels and examines the quality of different programs. This covers maximally the quality of different programs. Covering maximum aspects of FM radio channels in Pakistan as well as focusing on the freedom of information and public right to know. Some details of PEMRA's efficiency in four years have also been discussed. The relevant bodies can improve the role of these FM channels. A task is also added for previous, about FM channels in Lahore . Introduction Social scientists are feeling that Pakistani society is converting into information society, gradually. The majority of Pakistani population is economically poor .The governments have not paid proper attention towards education. As a result, they can't gain education properly. Despite...
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...AN EMPRICAL STUDY ON FM RADIO ADVERSITING Advertising of products and services is the route to rope in more customers and improve a company’s image. Radio is an effective, low-cost medium for advertising a company’s products. FM radio has today enabled advertisers to reach out to the audiences cost-effectively. In July 2005, the union cabinet approved the second phase of FM broadcasting in private sector, in which more emphasis was given to the growth of services than generating revenue for the government. The government has allowed foreign companies to venture into setting up of private FM stations within in the present ceiling of 20% foreign capital. Now the Government expects to take a final view in two to three months on the third phase of expansion of FM radio and about 806 radio licences are expected to be issued and the Government plans to take FM radio to about 283 towns. (News from business line New Delhi, March 28 by Mr. Rajiv Takru, Additional Secretary, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting) Currently, as for as advertising is concerned only one –and – a- half % of total advertising spending can be attributed to radio. In other countries around the world, the average ranges from 5-15%.In srilanka, for example, 21% of total advertising expenditure is spent on radio. This shows the vast potential of the radio as a medium of advertising it is said that radio covers almost 89% of country in terms of area and 97% in terms of population. However, this medium...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Indian FM radio industry was privatized in the year 2000. Many industry observers advised against investing in the market as the general notion was that after introducing the satellite television, the market for radio broadcasters is dead as television has more to offer. Although there were many deterring factors, still organizations invested heavily and begun operations across the country. In a short time span, the enthusiasm started failing as investments were not recovered from operations and profits were dipping. A number of factors pointed out that with amendments in Government rules and regulations, the industry could revive from their losses. Considering this, the Phase II of privatization was initiated in 2006, wherein the regulations were made more flexible and provided ample scope of growth. The general audience notion of the available radio stations is lack of differentiation in terms of content. This report gives a description of the problem regarding similar content and is a result of a market survey providing an insight in the consumer preference. Specifically, the report was an exercise conducted to validate the application of brand extension in service industry. 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am indebted to Dr. Samar Faten Badar, Faculty Member (Marketing,), for her great support and help all through the project. I am also thankful to Prof. Ramkishen, without whose help and support it would have been difficult to obtain the necessary data for...
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...A SALES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR MPANGA GROWERS TEA FACTORY LIMITED BY …………………………. U/2010/BIT/0…/D RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT ON THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OF THE UGANDA PENTECOSTAL UNIVERSITY DECLARATION I hereby declare that this project is my original work and it has not been submitted in this form or any other form to this or any other institution for examination purposes. Any quotation made has been referenced accordingly. Author Signature ………………………………… Date………. /…........./………. KASWARA TOM APPROVAL This project has been submitted for examination with my approval as the University candidate supervisor Signature ……………………………………… Date………/…..…../………. MR. ANDY BYONA DEDICATION I wish to dedicate this project to my family members who have shown great concern towards the fulfillment of this project. Finally to Uganda Pentecostal university and everybody who would like to undertake the same course in future. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I thank the almighty God for sustaining my life and seeing me through this course at the University. I am grateful for the concern by the people I have interacted with towards the successful completion of this project I extend my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Mr. Andy Byona for his high level of devotion , patience, monitoring , guidance and critical comments without which this work couldn’t...
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...individuality, health and are brand conscious, trend followers. They are usually affluent, pleasure seeking, easily influenced by media, and more prone to impulsive purchasing. In order to increase product awareness and consumer base, it is suggested that Marble Slab take on the following recommendations: Locate in the Thornhill outdoor outlet in Vaughn and open a drive-through for convenience. Open a retail line for product exposure Change catering prices but remain consistent with other franchisees Continue differentiating its products as the superior graded ice cream and develop healthier and innovative ice cream such as pro-biotic and melt resistant ice cream. Promote through a variety of strategies including newspaper, radio, outdoor billboard Initiate new approaches – hiring students from nearby schools, support academic and sports programs and loyalty cards. Locating in Thornhill presents...
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...Usage & Attitudes Category | Description | How used | Frequently | Usage Occasion | Everyday | Perceived Attributes | Makes you cool and remove the warmth | Usage reason | Refreshment, chilling mood, hot weather | Brand Communication Brand media history * Polar was 2nd choice in ice-cream in young generation in recent years. * Polar’s mostly communication in the past was TVC, Newspaper ads, Sponsor of renowned of any exibihition or school program etc * Polar is well known for sponsoring school campaigning program. * Besides, Polar gives newspaper ads in renowned newspapers & billboards in all around the country * Polar recently started to give ads in FM radio channels as the listening radio culture emerging in Bangladesh * Polar frequently gives new product offers, promotion of new products. Brand Communication Keya’s initial Promotional campaigns are made by Litmus communications limited. Some of the examples of TVCs are, Polar fresco ice-cream Year: 2011 Agency: Litmus Communications Limited Artist: Pinky Direction: Mahmud Vai Voice: Elita Karim Music: Ripondon a kinofilms production "Utshabay Saradin Polar Ice-cream “Company: Dhaka Ice-cream Industries limited Year: 2010 Agency: Litmus Communications Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh Concept: Wazir Sattar Polar Ice-Cream (SKU Based) TVC Year : 2009 Agency: Litmus Director: Aadnan Rahaman Music: Fuad Al Muqtadir Models: Bipasha Kabir, Mirazul Islam, Fiton...
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...David Yanich English 202 February 12, 2014 After doing research and realizing how much power and control major companies have in our world, I have come to this main question. How much choice do we really have when we want to purchase goods? Choice is something most people just assume they have when they are picking their cable company, choosing a bank, or even walking through your local food mart. The goal of this essay is to show that while at first glance choices may seem endless, but when you do a small amount of research you can quickly realize that most brands link back to the same parent company. The majority of foods, drinks, and health products we buy trace their way back to 10 major corporations. Society today has this false idea that they have a choice in what they buy at the grocery store. For example you may not like large soda companies and decide to not buy their products. But if you buy bottled water, sports drinks, energy drinks, or fruit juice chances are you are buying a brand from a soda producing parent company. Most retailers charge a fee to get products on the most visible shelves which keeps small companies away from your line of sight. This is because large consumer good companies have a special relationship with retailers. Like an “I’ll scratch your back if you scratch mine ideology”. Many of the products that you see on store shelves are direct competitors that are linked to the same company. “ConAgra sells six varieties of popcorn” (http://www.alternet...
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...Preface This document provides us an insight to the radio industry in in present form in India and compares two of the most renowned radio channels (one a privately held entity and another being run by the government). About Radio Industry in India There are a total of 232 FM channels, private and government owned in India. The Current size of the radio industry (2009-10) is estimated at over US$ 170.87 million. According to a PwC study, the radio industry is forecast to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18 per cent over 2009-13, reaching US$ 391.15 million. In terms of its share of the advertising pie, it is projected that the radio advertising industry will be able to increase its share from 3.8 per cent to 5.2 per cent between 2009 and 2013. The government earned US$ 11.05 million from private radio channels during 2008-09. Radio Mirchi, along with its alliances, is number one in the Indian private FM radio industry, with a 46.5million listenership according to Indian Readership Survey (IRS) 2009. The Metro Market Phenomenon 18% of all private FM stations are in Metro markets. Metro markets contribute maximum revenue to the industry, however there is no room for expansion as these markets already have maximum number of permitted stations in operations and are witnessing fierce competition. Competitive analysis We look at two of the major players in this space; one a private network and the other a govt. held entity to understand the difference between their respective...
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...Operation Guide NWZ-B152 / B153 / B152F / B153F ©2010 Sony Corporation 4-185-044-11(1) Table of Contents Home Menu Index Note Table of Contents Depending on the country/region in which you have purchased the player, some models may not be available. Browsing the Operation Guide To use the buttons in the Operation Guide Click the buttons located in the upper right of the pages of this manual to jump to “Table of Contents,” “About the Home Menu” or “Index.” Jumps to the table of contents Find what you are looking for from a list of topics in the manual. Home Menu Index Jumps to the Home menu list Find what you are looking for from a list of the option items in the player’s menu. Jumps to the index Find what you are looking for from a list of key words mentioned in the manual. Hint You can jump to the indicated page by clicking a page number in the table of contents or in the index. You can jump to the indicated page by clicking a page reference indication (e.g., p. 5) on each page. To search for a reference page by keyword, enter the keyword into the find text field on the Adobe Reader window. Operation procedures may differ, depending on your Adobe Reader version. To change the page layout The buttons on the Adobe Reader window enable you to select how pages are displayed. Text field to find text Continuous Pages are displayed as a continuous roll of pages, fitting the page width inside the window. When you scroll, the...
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...Riviera Radio, that is a one of the successful station in Monaco, is not smoothly from the beginning. It established by Princess Grace’s ideal and her friends from 1950’s. They want to offer a radio place for the Anglophone community. In the initial period, it provided to transmit music, and permanent residents, and advertisements to the Anglophone community in the initial Riviera. Nevertheless, it had met several problems. At first, a variety of people, jobs, and lifestyle: The signal from Italian across Monaco to French and there are over 120 nationalities in there, how can it cater for everyone's flavors? Another problem is advertisers: for RR(Riviera Radio), the most important part of money is for advertisers. It needed to find ways to disinter more clients and advertisers. Paul Kavanagh was given this mission in 2003. Besides, he thought the core value of RR is “Anglo”. In addition, he went to RR to be best friend of their clients. In order to fulfill his mission, he offers three orientations for RR. First, the female listeners were decreasing to 40% of total listeners in 2006, so he decided to add one woman, Elizabeth Lewis, with Peter and Rob who are hosts too in the noontime. Furthermore, he provided both female voices to the prime time slot in order to retrieve their female clients. Another orientation is that he tried to increase the listeners of Russian because he found that Russian consumption is a huge part of the industry's revenue Monaco. The last is about the...
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...problems the company is facing (not more than 2 pages). Radio used to be an information centre for listeners. As time passes by, the functions of radio has gradually changing. It is not serve only as an information centre but also as medium of entertainment and centre of learning. We can even say that the main role of radio for present time is mostly for entertainment. Nowadays, in the case of innovative many new technologies have been developed, one of the oldest forms of media in the whole wide world has been impacted and it is the radio. Not only radio per se, other kinds of ‘traditional’ media such as newspaper and magazine are also impacted by their ad revenues and it is predicted to be keep on declining. In context of Indonesia solely, there are already 1,178 in total number of radio stations. With so many established radio stations, the medium has become more disintegrated. There is a very high competition between radio stations in providing the best of them of them to the listeners. In Indonesia, a few radio stations are incorporated under one management group. One of them is Masima Group which encompassed of Delta FM, Prambors and Female Radio. Compared to other radio stations, one of problems encountered by Delta FM is because of its unstable personality. In 1994, the targeted listeners for Delta FM are aged between 40-50 years old, who were described as “elegant and intellectual”. Thus during that time, the radio focused on listeners’ favourite oldies songs. In fact...
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...BARTER AGREEMENT 14.11.2015 This Agreement that consists of 3 (Three) pages is made on the 14th day of November 12, 2015 1st Party: Dhaka FM Limited, a private FM radio station in Bangladesh having its registered office at Navana Tower (15th Floor), 45 Gulshan South, Circle-01, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh (hereinafter called the “1st Party” which expression, unless repugnant to the context shall include its successors-in-interest, assignees, nominees, Administrators, officers & legal representatives) of the ONE PART. AND 2nd Party: Comilla Victorians, a Cricket Club and participant of Bangladesh Premier League – BPL T20, 2015 having its registered office ……………, Dhaka, Bangladesh (hereinafter called the “2nd Party” which expression, unless repugnant to the context shall include its successors-in-interest, assignees, nominees, administrators, officers and legal representatives) of the OTHER PART. (Hereinafter collectively referred to as ‘Parties’ and individually as ‘Party’) WHEREAS the 1st Party is engaged in the business of broadcasting under the name and style of Dhaka FM 90.4, and will be a Radio Partner of Comilla Victorians for upcoming Bangladesh Premiere League T20, 2015 AND WHEREAS the 2nd Party is engaged in Sports and going to participate in Bangladesh Premiere Cricket League (BPL) 2015 under the name and style of Comilla Victorians NOW, THEREFORE THIS AGREEMENT WITNESSES as follows, (A)GENERAL TERMS & CONDITIONS: That in consideration...
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...A Wish and A Dream May 8, 2012 at 7:30am Whenever I make wishes there always the same, And there always in your name. Today I wished that I had one last day, To hear your voice, even if I don’t know what to say. It’s been 2 years since you died and I can’t recall your face, I can’t remember your loving embrace. Whenever I close my eyes the flash backs hit me like a bad dream. The sound of the phone ringing, the crying on the other line, it was extreme. I recall my cousin’s voice, mumbling the words, I couldn’t fight the tears streaming down my cheek. The drive to the hospital felt like hours, My whole body felt numb and weak. I close my eyes, and I can still see, My loved ones surrounding me. I’m pacing back and forth through the halls, Crying in bathroom stalls. My mind about to make the toughest choice, But I feel like I have no voice. I can still hear the sound of your last breathe, The painful sound of death. The rise and fall of your chest, Wishing god would put you to rest. I did not let you go alone; I was with you till the end. And for that my heart can never mend. And just when I thought you had gone, you’d gasp for air. I held your hand, I told you I loved you, and I sat in that chair. When it was all over, I ran to brother’s side, I just wanted to curl up and hide. Last night I dreamed of the night you died, I jerked awake so fast and cried. I held my head in shame, Feeling like I was to blame. Every time I walk...
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...Although the medicine man’s parrot initially seems meaningless, it serves to represent the docile, caged pet that the majority of the English population wishes for Aminata to become. The relationship between the medicine man and his bird demonstrates the subservient nature that is expected from Aminata. A prime example of this symbolism occurs in Aminata’s insight upon her first interaction with the bird: “And it did not use a homelander language. The bird spoke the toubabu’s language” (76). In this line, Aminata is observing that the medicine man has stripped the parrot of its natural vocal inflections and has instead trained it to adopt his language. It is significant because, in the preceding scene, the medicine man had tried to attach the English name of Mary onto the identity of Aminata and had begun to teach her his dialect. Furthermore, Aminata illustrates her physical captivity in the line “it was locked in that cage just as surely as I was locked in the ship” (76). Utilizing the metaphor “locked in the ship” (76), Aminata parallels the confined life of the parrot with her own enslavement. This comparison is strengthened by the fact that, each night, Aminata must cover the parrot’s cage with a cloth. The placement of fabric over the cage symbolizes how, during the daytime, she is allowed to travel around the ship, just as the bird may peer through the bars of its cage. However, at night, Aminata must descend into the medicine man’s cabin and remain trapped there with no...
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...phase modulation, and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). Refrences: Electronics and Radio Today. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.electronics-radio.com/articles/radio/modulation/amplitude_modulation/am.php Electronics and Radio Today. (n.d.1). Retrieved from http://www.electronics-radio.com/articles/radio/modulation/frequency_modulation/fm.php M.S. Richer. (2006). Advantages/disadvantages/applications of various Modulation Schemes [Multimedia]. Retrieved from M.S. Richer, http://www-ee.uta.edu/dip/Courses/EE4330/comparison%20of%20modulation%20methods.pdf website. Radio-Electronics.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/rf-technology-design/modulation-techniques/itu-designations-types-of-radio-emissions-transmissions.php Amplitude Modulation Amplitude modulation (AM) is a technique used in electronic communication. The most common use for this is in radio. AM works by varying the strength of the transmitted signal in relation to the information being sent ("Electronics and Radio Today", n.d.). Advantages: There are several advantages of amplitude modulation, and some of these reasons have meant that it is still in widespread use today. It is simple to implement, it can be demodulated using a circuit consisting of very few components, and AM receivers are very cheap as no specialized components are needed ("Electronics and Radio Today", n.d.). Disadvantages: Amplitude modulation is a very basic form of modulation, and although...
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