...health care and education. Culturally speaking, the art of coffee cultivation has a lengthy history in Columbia and is a way of life in much of the rural, mountainous country. Despite the earthquakes and other natural disasters which have impacted the region, the coffee growing community is typically inclined to band to together to rebuild if and when needed, in order to return as quickly as possible to their known way of life. Politically speaking, coffee is a huge economic driver for the country. Social Implications Beyond the natural emphasis on coffee generated profits, Columbia’s coffee export industry has long endeavored to create positive social change and impact. In existence since 1927, the Columbian Coffee Growers Federation (FNC) is charged with representing and defending the coffee grower’s interests and to promote social agendas desired by the farmer collective. Over the years, this has included, training and development, industry research, expansion of community and human development initiatives, with an overall emphasis on ensuring that the industry remains sustainable for those involved (Coffee in Columbia, 2013). As always, FNC’s goal has been to maintain Columbia’s position as a preferred coffee exporter so that prices can remain as...
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...academic community. Unfortunately, the impropriety of much unauthorized copying is all too often overlooked by users in an educational setting. Although copying all or part of a work without obtaining permission may appear to be an easy and convenient solution to an immediate problem, such unauthorized copying can frequently violate the rights of the author or publisher of the copyrighted work, and be directly contrary to the academic mission to teach respect for ideas and the intellectual property that expresses those ideas. With that in mind, the University Bookstore has sought permission and paid royalties for all materials enclosed. The price of your reader reflects those necessary costs. This material comes from "Questions and Answers on Copyright for the Campus Community," Copyright 1993 by National Association of College Stores, Inc. and the Association of American Publishers. MKT 533 – Branding Strategy Dr. Badame, Fall 2015 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA MARSHALL GRADUATE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MKT 533 – BRANDING STRATEGY 1.5 CREDIT COURSE FALL 2015 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ PROFESSOR: Dr. Diane M. Badame TELEPHONE: (213) 740-5053 E-MAIL: badame@marshall.usc.edu OFFICE: Bridge Hall, Room 307B OFFICE HOURS: After classes and by appointment _______________________________________________________________________________________________ COURSE DESCRIPTION Some...
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...Internet allows people to communicate with no consideration to their physical location. The Internet allows us to transmit information and communicate with others throughout the world. (Leiner et al., n.d.). The first host computer was connected in September 1969. Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN) installed the first Interface Message Processor (IMP) at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). One month later, October 1969, Stanford Research Institute (SRI) connected. The first host-to-host message was sent between these two locations and the ARPANET was officially in use. It wasn’t until three years later in October 1972, the ARPANET was first demonstrated in a public setting. October 24, 1995, the Federal Networking Council (FNC) officially defined and began using...
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...A System Dynamics Study of Instability in the Colombian Coffee Market by Juan Fernando Perez Velasquez Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Philosophy in System Dynamics System Dynamics Group Department of Geography University of Bergen 2010 Abstract The coffee market in Colombia is highly unstable, being more unstable in the last 20 years (since the removal of the ICO agreement). During 1980 and 1990 the coffee price was varying around 8% around a mean and over the last 20 years it has been oscillating around 15% to 20% around a mean. The coffee market presents an 8 to 11 years cycle in price and production. Coffee market is well known for its volatility and for the crisis that producers are confronting, i.e., poverty, low prices, etc. The main causes for this crisis are the characteristic behaviors of the coffee market itself, which presents price instability, resource unsustainabillity, and inequity along the commodity chain (specially for coffee growers), the same characteristics of other commodity markets. In this paper we focused on the first of the causes, price instability, and so we created a System Dynamics model of the Colombian coffee sector that captures the structure of that market, the delays and feedbacks present on it. With this research we intended to answer the following questions: Why is the Colombian coffee market so unstable in price and quantity? And what can be done to reduce the instability...
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...this unprecedented integration of capabilities. The Internet is at once a world-wide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information dissemination, and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic location. The Internet represents one of the most successful examples of the benefits of sustained investment and commitment to research and development of information infrastructure. Beginning with the early research in packet switching, the government, industry and academia have been partners in evolving and deploying this exciting new technology. Today, terms like "bleiner@computer.org" and "http://www.acm.org" trip lightly off the tongue of the random person on the street. 1 This is intended to be a brief, necessarily cursory and incomplete history. Much material currently exists about the Internet, covering history, technology, and usage. A trip to almost any bookstore will find shelves of material written about the Internet. 2 In this paper,3 several of us involved in the development and evolution of the Internet share our views of its origins and history. This history revolves around four distinct aspects. There is the technological evolution that began with early research on packet switching and the ARPANET (and related technologies), and where current research continues to expand the horizons of the infrastructure along several dimensions, such as scale, performance, and higher-level functionality. There...
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...invention of the telegraph, telephone, radio, and computer set the stage for this unprecedented integration of capabilities. The Internet is at once a world-wide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information dissemination, and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic location. The Internet represents one of the most successful examples of the benefits of sustained investment and commitment to research and development of information infrastructure. Beginning with the early research in packet switching, the government, industry and academia have been partners in evolving and deploying this exciting new technology. Today, terms like "bleiner@computer.org" and 1 "http://www.acm.org" trip lightly off the tongue of the random person on the street. This is intended to be a brief, necessarily cursory and incomplete history. Much material currently exists about the Internet, covering history, technology, and usage. A trip to almost any bookstore 2 will find shelves of material written about the Internet. 3 In this paper, several of us involved in the development and evolution of the Internet share our views of its origins and history. This history revolves around four distinct aspects. There is the technological evolution that began with early...
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...elections of 2000 brought national attention to problems with current American methods of casting and counting votes in public elections. Most people believe that the current system should be changed; there is much disagreement on how such changes should be made. The MIT/Caltech researchers [1] “see a promising future for electronic voting, despite its problems today” (under a few conditions). They advocate using the methods currently in use which result in the lowest average numbers of “uncounted, unmarked, and spoiled ballots,” like in-precinct optical scanning. Their report even proposes a framework for new voting system with a decentralized, modular design. Other researchers have done work in electronic voting; while they may not explicitly mention voting from remote poll sites, their work is nonetheless relevant to any effort at designing or implementing a remote poll site voting system. Lorrie Cranor [2] could be classified, like the Caltech/MIT researchers, as a cautious optimist. She acknowledges the problems inherent in each kind of voting apparatus, but doesn't make an over the recommendation on her site for one technology over the rest. Some other academics, whom we did not study in class, like Peter Neumann who moderates the RISKS...
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...Contents Introduction 2 General information 2 Baggage handling 4 Passenger terminal operations 5 Airport security 6 Cargo operations 7 Airport technical services 8 Air traffic control 8 Aircraft scheduling 9 Airport emergency services 9 Airport access 10 Infrastructure 12 Regular flights 14 Operational management 15 Connecting transport 15 Conclusion 16 Reference list 17 Appendix 18 Introduction The airport is located 10km east of Dortmund, Germany and sine 2006 its original name is “Dortmund21”, in connection to its major shareholder- DSW21. The slogan of the airport is “Näher als man denkt” (Closer than you think) and stays for the variety and high quality of flights served by the airport. Statistics show that in 2008 the airport has served more than 2.3mil passengers. The structure of the following paper will be as follows: general information about the airport, several different aspects of the industrial operations of the airport will be analysed: the baggage handling; passenger operations; airport security; airport technical services; air traffic control etc. The report will finish with a conclusion- summery of the most important points. General information Dortmund airport was officially founded on 16th April 1925. It was first served by commercial flights of Aero Lloyd, which operated flights to Paris. In 1926 it started with 12 in going and outgoing daily flights of the newly formed Deutschen Lufthansa AD. By the year 1928 the airport reported...
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...1163 경영학연구 제40권 제5호 2011년 10월(pp. 1163~1184) Is Cash better than Equity as Takeover Payment? - Learning from Korean Cases Seong-Ho Cho Professor, College of Business Administration Hongik University (shcho11@hongik.ac.kr) ……………………………………………………………………………… This paper examines the relationship between the abnormal stock returns upon announcement and the choice of takeover payment methods, say, cash or equity, for the Korean mergers and acquisitions during 1996-2008 in which for some period, say, 1996-2000, liquidity is very scarce and market is uncertain. We test two hypotheses; first, whether equity payments reduce bidders’ firm value; second, whether cash payments are more (or less) likely preferred by the target shareholders who are facing high uncertainty. Unlike US experience, we fail to find statistical evidence that equity offers reduce bidders’ firm value. Further, while the bidder shareholders gain on average wealth of 1.8% from the M&A transactions, whether they pay in cash or equity, they earn positive 0.1% or 3.5% gain, respectively. These results contradict to the conventional asymmetric information model where market valuation of bidder’s equity plays an important role for the determination of payment alternatives. While examining the wealth gains of target shareholders, we find statistical evidence that cash payments are preferred to equity payments. Further, if they are paid by cash (equity), they earn 6.2% (-5.1%) gain. We conclude that under the liquidity-scarce...
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...Airline Studies Module Code – 5N4971 An Investigation into Aviation Organisation By: Milton Redmond Table of Contents Introduction: 3 Aims & Objectives: 3 Brief Description of Civil Aviation and Relationship with UNWTO: 4 Chicago Convention 4 United Nations World Tourism Organization 5 ICAO and UNWTO Affirm Cooperation on Joint Aviation and Tourism Goals 5 Description of Etihad Airways: 6 Partners and Alliances: 10 Chartered & Scheduled Flight Services: 20 Etihad Airport Services 23 EAS-Ground 23 EAS-Cargo 24 EAS-Catering 24 Aircraft Type & Passenger Capacity: 25 World's Top 3 Airlines 2013 Profiles and Etihads Direct Competitors: 28 Importance of Branding and General Airport Operations: 29 Movement of Passengers at Abu Dhabi Airport: 31 Communications Utilized by Etihad: 33 Conclusion: 35 Recommendations: 35 Bibliography: 35 Introduction: This assignment requires the author to type a written report on one organisation in the aviation industry which covers learning outcomes 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 16 & 17 as per the module component. This report is to identify and research an airline related product or service that meets a particular consumer need. Finally the Author will evaluate the findings, draw conclusions and recommendations. Aims & Objectives: * Evidence of understanding and application of Airline Studies. * Detailed Exploration of the chosen topic. * Use / selection of relevant...
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...Agriculture and Rural Development Discussion Paper 3 The World Bank Coffee Markets New Paradigms in Global Supply and Demand Bryan Lewin Daniele Giovannucci Panos Varangis First printing or Web posting: March 2004 ©The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development Agriculture and Rural Development Department 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20433 Agriculture and Rural Development Discussion Papers is an informal series produced by the Agriculture and Rural Development Department of the World Bank. These papers raise concepts and issues for discussion in the broader development community and describe ongoing research and/or implementation experiences from the Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions are the authors’ and should not be attributed to the World Bank, its management, its Board of Executive Directors, or the countries they represent. Some of the numbers quoted are estimates or approximations and may be revised at a later stage. About the authors Bryan Lewin was previously the Economist of the Association of Coffee Producing Countries and now works in the Agriculture and Rural Development department of the World Bank on commodities and risk management. Daniele Giovannucci is a former corporate executive and market strategies expert. He advises international agencies and governments and is a senior consultant for The World Bank Group. Panos Varangis is a Lead Economist in the Agricultural and Rural Development department of the World...
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...Unit One :Introduction of International Trade Law Outline Definition of ITL The Scope of ITL （调整范围） History of ITL Comparison of ITL and In. Business Law Sources of ITL( 渊源） Question How to understand the word “international law” here? What is International Law? “A rule… that has been accepted as such by the international community.” Includes :Customary international law. International treaties and agreements. General principles common to major legal systems. Public vs. Private International Law Public International Law. – Involves relationships between countries and applies “norms regarded as binding on all members of the international community” Private International Law. – Is described as conflict of laws or “domain of rights, duties, and disputes between and among persons from different places. Part I Definition 国际贸易法：调整跨越国界的货物贸易、技术贸易和服务贸易关系以及这些贸易关系有关的其他关系的法律规范和规则的总和。 (a) The body of norms and rules – Private law: governs transnational Relationships of Private Persons ( International transaction Law) e.g. the law of international sales, trade finance, licensing agreement etc. – Public law: laws that make up the legal framework within which international business takes place. e.g. the treaties of EU, GATT agreement, NAFTA (b) the scope of ITL（调整范围） Trade in goods, Trade in service，Trade in technology,other international business field Part III History of International Trade Law • Customs and usages ...
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...Training & Business College (Pty) Ltd Registration Number: 2000/000757/07 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including photocopying machines, without the written permission of the Institution. 1 DIT In Information Technology | ECOMMERCE 511 LESSON PLAN ALIGNED TO MOBILE CONTENT [MOODLE] DIPLOMA SECTION SUBJECT MATTER 1 THE INTERNET-PLATFORM FOR BUSINESS 1.1 Defining Internet and its brief History 1.2 IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Internet Service Provider Lesson 1 Lesson 2 & 3 Review Questions 2 THE NEW ECONOMY AND E-COMMERCE 2.1 Define E-Commerce 2.2 E-Commerce vs. business Lesson 4 Lesson 5 & 6 Review Questions 3 E-COMMERCE AND A NEW WAY OF THINKING 3.1 Changing paradigms Lesson 7 3.2 Portals and Vortals Lesson 8 3.3 E-Relationships Lesson 9 3.4 Return On Investment Lesson 10 & 11 Review Questions 4 BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES ON INTERENT 4.1 Marketing Research Lesson 12 4.2 Advertising Lesson 13 4.3 Supply Chain Management Lesson 14 4.4 Customer relationship management Lesson 15 4.5 E-Business Lesson 16 & 17 Review Questions 5 BUSINESS –TO-CONSUMER...
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...Section 4.4 when talking about the for loop. In Python, the word “sequence” covers several phenomena. Strings are sequences of characters, and you heard about those in Chapter 3. In the coming sections, you’ll hear about the two other basic types of sequence supported by Python: Lists and tuples. Later in this chapter, we’ll get around to talking about sets and dictionaries. Strings and integers represent concrete data objects; a string or a number represents true data in itself.1 Lists, tuples and dictionaries are designed to organize other data, to impose structure upon it; they do not necessarily represent true data in their own right. For this reason, they are also called abstract data structures. 6.1 Lists and tuples — mutable vs. immutable As I mentioned back in Section 4.4, lists and tuples are indexed just like strings: The first item of a sequence of length l has index 0, and the last has index l-1. You can get the length of a sequence with the built-in function len. You may use negative indices (e.g. −1 for the last item in the sequence),...
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...Media History Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.1.5 1.1.6 1.1.7 1.1.8 1.1.9 Issues with definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forms of mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professions involving mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Influence and sociology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethical issues and criticism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 2 6 6 7 8 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 19 20 21 21 21 1.1.10 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.11 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.12 Further reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.13 External links . . . . . . . . ....
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