...Forage for Thought: Mobilizing Codes in the Movement for Grass-fed Meat and Dairy Products Klaus Weber Northwestern University Kathryn L Heinze Northwestern University Michaela DeSoucey Northwestern University This study illuminates how new markets emerge and how social movements can effect cultural change through market creation. We suggest that social movements can fuel solutions to three challenges in creating new market segments: entrepreneurial production, the creation of collective producer identities, and the establishment of regular exchange between producers and consumers. We use qualitative data on the grassroots coalition movement that has spurred a market for grass-fed meat and dairy products in the United States since the early 1990s. Our analysis shows that the movement’s participants mobilized broad cultural codes and that these codes motivated producers to enter and persist in a nascent market, shaped their choices about production and exchange technologies, enabled a collective identity, and formed the basis of the products’ exchange value.• The creation of new markets is an important engine of economic and cultural change. But new markets do not emerge naturally; rather, they often arise from collective projects that mobilize the necessary economic, cultural, and socio-political resources (Fligstein, 1996; Swedberg, 2005). A growing body of research suggests that social movements can play a central role in fueling such projects (Carroll and Swaminathan...
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...Merissa Acuna Aretha Matt English 102 5 November 2014 Animals and the Exemption of Their Rights Almost every American grew up eating some kind of meat or wearing some type of fur, leather, or wool, we grow up going to zoos and circuses, and some people even have pets like birds and rabbits at home in cages. We unknowingly exploit animals in every way possible. The impact that our actions have on these animals is never taken into consideration. Due to animals serving us humans several different purposes, the animal is forgotten. The idea of whether animals should have rights is at a peak in controversy. Animal rights activist believe animals have legal and moral rights the same way humans do. On the other hand there are several corporations...
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...(sustainability relates to ensuring society survives and prospers over the long-term). This article discusses the need to better address systemic issues that essentially compel all firms to negatively impact society. It also describes why sustainability will be the competitive advantage strategy of the 21st century and how Wal-Mart is capitalizing on this opportunity. System-Watch All companies produce negative environmental and social impacts. As companies impact the closed Earth system, pushback from the system is inevitable. This pushback can take the form of activist campaigns. As the largest company in the world, Wal-Mart has high environmental and social impacts. Several activist efforts have arisen in response to these impacts, including the recent film Wal-Mart: the High Cost of Low Price. Activist efforts probably were one factor in Wal-Mart’s decision to adopt an aggressive sustainability strategy. Activist campaigns have driven large improvements in society. Many of the environmental and social improvements over the past 50 years were initiated by such efforts. Now it appears a partial...
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...4 Anonymous Hacktivism and Contemporary Politics Christian Fuchs 1. INTRODUCTION It is Friday, August 6, 2012, on the Internet. Sixty-seven years earlier, on August 6, 1945, the U.S. dropped the first atom bomb on Hiroshima. One hears a song by Trey Parker: "America. Fuck yeah. [. . .] So lick my butt and suck on my balls, America, fuck yeah! Whatcha' gonna do when we come for you now? (. . .) McDonalds, fuck yeah! Wal-Mart, fuck yeah!" Pictures of cats that look human are accompanied by the request, "I want to start a collection of my fetish catboys so post moar!" There is a link to a live cam on Times Square. One also finds an image showing a burning American flag that is accompanied by the logos of McDonald's and images of a can of Mountain Dew, the Statue of Liberty, a guitar player and a screaming bear. "You should kill yourself, fucking AMERRRICCAAA, you little fag- got." A rapper writes a new song and says that the first few minutes of the discussion in his thread will become part of the song. There is a story about a brother who tries to seduce his sister, but it turns out that his sister is a large arthropod. There is a thread with images of female but- tocks, accompanied by an announcement that one of the portrayed girls receives prank phone calls. One sees a picture of a couple having oral sex accompanied by the text "PORNO FUCK YEAH!" as well as a picture of a drunk sleeping man accompanied by the text "buddy passed out after 11 Coors...
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...current generation. The world has witnessed myriads of reputable leaders with profound influence on the community. Their utterances, Way of life, and formulas of handling situations is worthy emulating. As a result, one ought to assess the same and emulate their style of leadership. One area where leadership is essential is in the hospitality industry. Hospitality generally involves accommodating people at a given place. Accommodation in this case involves providing, comforting, guiding, and instructing people on the type of food, entertainment, and recreation facilities available for them. This paper investigates a reputable leader. The leader in consideration is Maya Angelou. The consideration involves an analysis of her biography and application of her leadership style to the hospitality industry. The analysis draws data from various literatures available for the same. Reasons for Choosing Maya Angelou Maya Angelou is a renowned writer and an activist of her time. She has been involved in several occupations and professions. Her writings and public sharing of...
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...Stages of Social Movements Social Movements & Collective Behavior > Four Stages of Social Movements Table of Contents Abstract Keywords the four stages of social movements. The four stages of social movement development are emergence, coalescence, bureaucratization, and decline. The Decline stage can result from several different causes, such as repression, co-optation, success, failure, and mainstream. The four stages of development model can be applied to understand how movements form, grow, and dissipate. It has limitations, however, in its application to new social movements and movements that are not rooted in political action. Despite these limitations, the four stages model is still highly useful in understanding collective action and provides a useful frame of analysis for sociologists considering social movements and their effects in the past and present. Overview What is a Social Movement? Four Stages of Social Movements Stage 1: Emergence Stage 2: Coalescence Stage 3: Bureaucratization Stage 4: Decline Repression Co-optation Success Failure Establishment with Mainstream Overview There have been many social movements throughout history that have dramatically changed the societies in which they occurred. There have been many failed social movements as well. Throughout the history of the United States alone there have been a number of important and notable social movements. These movements have varied widely in their ideologies; some movements have been revolutionary...
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...Nestlé Crisis management Contingency Plan 1. Problem analysis 2. Course of Action 3. Strategic Communications Plan 3.1) Communication Infrastructure 3.2) Nestlé Communication goals 3.3) Target Audience 3.4). Image Enhancement Message 3.5) Communications Channels and Outlets 3.6) Facebook as Communication Channel 3.7) Strategies for Social Network Communications 3.8) Strategic Communications Plan Key Performance Indicators 4. References Problem Analysis Nestlé has established itself as a leader in the world of nutrition and foods. However, the attack by Greenpeace that Nestlé fell subject to has taken its toll on the company image, as well as on the market price of company shares. The purpose of this document is to highlight the course of action that was taken, the problems that occurred as a result of these actions as well as solutions. Also included in this document is a proposed strategic communications plan that can be implemented by Nestlé to manage all its online & social media communications. The environmental awareness group Greenpeace claimed that Nestlé was contributing to deforestation by using palm-oil because suppliers expanded oil-palm plantations, paying no heed to the lives of the orangutans which inhibit the forests which would be lost. Greenpeace then proceeded to lead its attack on Nestlé by posting an altered version of Kitkat’s...
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...period, social media has become a fact of life for civil society worldwide. Regular citizens, companies, activists, NGO’s, software providers and last but not least government and politics use social media as a new form of communication (Foreignaffairs, 2011). One of the most famous politicians who started to use the power of social media in his political campaigns was Barack Obama. The key differenc of Obama’s campaign strategy in contrast to his competitors was that Obama used social media to communicate and organize individuals by using social media. By using technologies such as computers, cell phones, web sites and many more he reached the goal of every politicians to connect his followers, delivered them with interesting news as well as to build up a strong community. Nevertheless not only Obama tooke advantage of the undeniable power of Social Media and its technologies. Over the past years our society realized it’s power, and there might only be few companies left in the western world that are not represented on at least one Social Media Platform (Obama Buch). But maybe one of the most important topics when we’re talking about Social Media is the reachability of Mass and therefore the political Mass Movements that keep emerging from Social Media Platforms. We might only think about the Occupy Movement, Arab Spring or the most recent example Kony 2012. Those Movements do have the ability to transform our society worldwide by it’s unwritten power. This power drives every...
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...in Third World countries. Economists nowadays view sweatshops as a creation of wealth for Third World countries unlike some anti-sweatshop activists, and that the idea of fighting them would create a huge loss on the employment and the future investment in those countries. Other economists around the world support the idea that sweatshops are viewed as a voluntary agreement between workers and employers in disregard of the wage dollar. The article also mentions about the two letter that were written, one from economists from Academic Consortium on International Trades or (ACIT) that went around universities and colleges to bring awareness and point out the negative effects of anti-sweatshop movement, and the second one that was written by Scholars Against Sweatshop Labor or (SASL) who collected 434 signatures which 73% of them were from economist, in respond to the one from (ACIT), that supported the movement that was created by student against sweatshops. The author also mentions the different economic papers that were written throughout the years by different economists focusing on sweatshops and their benefits to Third World Workers. As we head towards the end the authors point out how frequently apparel industries use sweatshops in Third World countries and by using different figures, tables, and diagrams they give us a better analysis on the hours,...
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...The Black Panthers vs. The Black Panthers The sixties was a time in American society where the youth from the post-war baby boom era became teenagers and the young adults. The movement from the conservative fifties continued and eventually resulted in the revolutionary ways of thinking and change in the cultural of the American way of life. With an extreme admiration of no longer being an image of their predeceasing generation, young Americans wanted and demanded change. These changes affected education, values, laws, entertainment, and the way of life for several citizens around the country. As society, it is extremely important to understand that although the valiant efforts and impact that African American’s had, particularly in the 1950’s and 1960’s, in helping restructure American culture, many of the racist views of the past still play apart in American society. The 1950’s is often described as the calm before the storm of the 1960’s. During this time period, society was very much conformed to the views of conservative living. The desire for security during this era, reinforced by McCarthyism at home and the Korean War, created was known as the cold war culture. During the post WWII period in America, the face of the nation changed greatly under President Truman and Eisenhower. Because of extreme paranoia caused by Communism following WWII, conformity in the United States became an ideal way to distinguish American culture from the rest of the world. Conformity...
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...574 View related articles Citing articles: 4 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rshi20 Download by: [York University Libraries] Date: 17 February 2016, At: 09:19 Social History Vol. 30 No. 3 August 2005 Katrina Navickas Downloaded by [York University Libraries] at 09:19 17 February 2016 The search for ‘General Ludd’: the mythology of Luddism1 In attempting to make sense of the working-class disturbances of the period 1811–13, both contemporaries and historians have searched for ‘General Ludd’ and his followers. The magistrates who sent out their spies to uncover the underground organization of the movement, the witnesses and prosecutors at the Assize trials giving their versions of events, the parliamentary Secret Committee set up to investigate the disturbances, and the historians who rely on evidence surviving from these sources have all attempted to understand Luddism’s scope and revolutionary potential. Yet Luddism can be analysed and understood in a different light. This article discusses aspects of its mythology and shared identity: that is, how Luddism was seen and transmitted in a more abstract form than physical organization. In assessing what it meant for its participants and opponents rather than...
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...THE GOLDEN ARCHES IN INDIA Introduction: The Golden Arches are the symbol of McDonald's, the global fast-food restaurant chain. Originally, real arches were part of the restaurant design. They were incorporated into the chain's logo in 1962, which resembled a stylized restaurant, and in the current Golden Arches logo, introduced 1968, resembling an "M" for "McDonald's. McDonald's overall business: Internationally, McDonald's is the largest chain of fast food restaurants, operating over 31,000 restaurants serving 46 million people in more than 118 countries (But now it is 33,000 restaurants and served on 68 million customers each day in 119 countries). In 1954, a man named Ray Kroc discovered a small burger restaurant in California, and wrote the first page of McDonald’s history. Each McDonald's restaurant is operated by a franchisee, an affiliate, or the corporation itself. The corporations' revenues come from the rent, royalties and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants. This can only be attributed to the fact that McDonald's management style and strategies are extremely effective when faced with the vast amount of issues it has in its sixty plus years of history. McDonald's business in India: McDonald’s success in global growth is exemplified in its achievement in infiltrating the Indian food market. This infiltration has been made famous due to management and strategic issues encountered by McDonald's from the macroeconomic...
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...UNIT I DEFORESTATION CHAPTER 1 What is deforestation? Deforestation is the removal or damage of vegetation in a forest to the extent that it no longer supports its natural flora and fauna. In other words, deforestation can be defined as the transformation of forest land to non-forest uses where forest land includes lands under agro-forestry and shifting cultivation, and not simply closed canopy primary forests (FAO/UNEP, 1982). However, this definition does not include “logging”. More inclusive was Myers’s 1980 definition, where deforestation refers, “generally to the complete destruction of forest cover through clearing for agriculture … [so] … that not a tree remains, and the land is given over to non-forest purposes … [and where] very heavy and unduly negligent logging … [result in a] … decline of biomass and depletion of ecosystem services … . So severe that the residual forest can no longer qualify as forest in any practical sense of the world.” Alan Graigner (1980, AS quoted in Saxena and Nautiyal, 1997) asserts that selective logging does not “lead to forest clearance and does not constitute deforestation”, whereas Norman Myers (1980, 1993) thinks that logging is crucial because, although it may only affect a small proportion of trees per hectare, it damages wide areas and is the precursor of penetration by the forest farmers. For the purpose of this study, the FAO’s latest definitions (1993) will be used. The FAO defines forests as “ecosystems with a minimum...
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...MBA6008 Organization Selected – Starbucks Company Analysis Abstract Starbucks is a publicly traded company that has been a main competitor in the coffee and in the special eatery industries. This document will give a brief description of the company, an Analysis of the economic implications of operating in global markets and different market and industry structures, and an assessment of the impact of ethical and regulatory considerations of Starbucks. It will analyze the macro and micro economic environments and then give a conclusion and recommendation of how the company can improve in the future. Introduction Starbucks Corporation is an American global coffee company and coffeehouse chain based in Seattle, Washington. Starbucks is the largest coffeehouse company in the world. According to their 2012 Annual report, they have 18,066 stores in over 60 countries, including 12,903 in the United States, 1,324 in Canada, 989 in Japan, 851 in the People's Republic of China, 806 in the United Kingdom, 556 in South Korea, 377 in Mexico, 291 in Taiwan, 206 in the Philippines, 179 in Turkey, 171 in Thailand, and 167 in Germany. In addition, Starbucks is an active member of the World Cocoa Foundation (starbucks.com). Starbucks locations serve hot and cold beverages, whole-bean coffee, micro ground instant coffee, full-leaf teas, pastries, and snacks. They have over 30 blends and single...
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...Organization Selected – Starbucks Company Analysis Abstract Starbucks is a publicly traded company that has been a main competitor in the coffee and in the special eatery industries. This document will give a brief description of the company, an Analysis of the economic implications of operating in global markets and different market and industry structures, and an assessment of the impact of ethical and regulatory considerations of Starbucks. It will analyze the macro and micro economic environments and then give a conclusion and recommendation of how the company can improve in the future. Introduction Starbucks Corporation is an American global coffee company and coffeehouse chain based in Seattle, Washington. Starbucks is the largest coffeehouse company in the world. According to their 2012 Annual report, they have 18,066 stores in over 60 countries, including 12,903 in the United States, 1,324 in Canada, 989 in Japan, 851 in the People's Republic of China, 806 in the United Kingdom, 556 in South Korea, 377 in Mexico, 291 in Taiwan, 206 in the Philippines, 179 in Turkey, 171 in Thailand, and 167 in Germany. In addition, Starbucks is an active member of the World Cocoa Foundation (starbucks.com). Starbucks locations serve hot and cold beverages, whole-bean coffee, micro ground instant coffee, full-leaf teas, pastries, and snacks. They have over 30 blends and single origin premium...
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