...kind of food they eat but they are also interested to learn about healthier and nutritious diets to help them cope with their lifestyle at the same time, chronic degenerative diseases or “lifestyle diseases” are increasing twenty one out of 100 adults are hypertensive and 4 out every 100 diabetic (FNRI, 2008). Micronutrient deficiencies are still prevalent among Filipino today. The latest survey done by the FNRI in 1998 revealed that 31 out of 100 Filipinos are anemic and 36 out of 100 children have moderate to severe iodine deficiency disorder. With the advent of the new food technology, processed food products are increasing in the markets today. One can regularly see on television, or read in the magazines or newspaper articles about food and health. The increasing urbanization in the Philippines has also resulted in dramatic changes in the lifestyle of the people, which contributes, to the growing consumption of manufactured goods. Cup Noodles for an instant, it is placed in a handy and convenient packaging. This makes it easy to carry and eat during quick breaks at long hours at the office. Indeed, there is an expanding consumer demand for nutritious, convenient and quality foods to promote health and prevent diseases. Government and private organizations strive to provide consumers with the essential nutrients deficient in their diets through programs such as food and micronutrient supplementation, food fortification, and health education. Recently, the Food and Drugs...
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...582 MAINE LAW REVIEW [Vol. 65:2 A NATIONAL “NATURAL” STANDARD FOR FOOD LABELING Nicole E. Negowetti * I. I NTRODUCTION What do Juicy Juice fruit punch, SunChips, Nature Valley granola bars, and Skinny Girl Margaritas have in common? These products are all branded with the term “natural.” From canned vegetables to cereals to soft drinks, the term “natural” has become one of the most common claims on foods, drugs, dietary supplements, and personal care products. The word “natural” on a label or in advertising brings to mind nature, and things that are pure, clean, healthy, 1 free of artificial additives, 2 and therefore safe, harmless, and beneficial to overall health. In 2011, “all-natural” was the second-most-used claim on new American food products. 3 The food industry’s marketing of such products has been extremely successful. In 2009, sales of products with a “natural” claim reached $22 billion, 4 and a recent study found that the “natural” claim is the most popular among consumers. When asked “which is the best description to read on a food label,” 31% of consumers selected “100% natural” and 25% selected “all natural ingredients.” 5 Although both the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) are statutorily mand ated to protect consumer interests by prohibiting false and misleading labeling, both agencies have refused to formally * Assistant Professor of Law, Valparaiso University Law School. I thank Whitney...
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...Ethical Food Labeling and Packaging After seeing the ad on television or in the weekly grocer flyer, seeing the actual labeling on a product is what consumers have to make informed choices. What started out to be another form of advertising and last attempt to sell a product, food packaging and labeling has been regulated through the FDA and FD&C to require certain information. It was declared to be the policy of the Congress to assist consumers and manufacturers in reaching these goals in the marketing of consumer goods (Regulatory). Beyond giving the name of the food, net quantity of contents, name and address of manufacturer, statement of ingredients and nutrition information, a product can still be misleading beyond the principal display panels. Accurate and legally complete labels make sense from the standpoints of both ethics and good business (Scott par. 1). Consumers depend on product labels every day to make informed decisions when buying products and those misleading and deceptive labels make it much more difficult to make good purchasing decisions. Proper labeling to provide the consumer with useful, factual information was the rationale for the original FDCA misbranding provisions, and that motivation has not changed in more than half a century (Committee). Label information can be used to mislead the consumer by providing untrue information or to exaggerate their products’ features. As an example, nutrient information claiming “low fat”, “100% natural”...
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...DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration [Docket No. FDA-2009-N-0296] Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Food Labeling Regulations AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION: Notice. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing an opportunity for public comment on the proposed collection of certain information by the agency. Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (the PRA), Federal agencies are required to publish notice in the Federal Register concerning each proposed collection of information, including each proposed extension of an existing collection of information, and to allow 60 days for public comment in response to the notice. This notice solicits comments on the information collection provisions in FDA's food labeling regulations and on Form FDA 3570, ``Model Small Business Nutrition Labeling Exemption Notice,'' which...
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...There is a lot to know about the food we eat. The ingredients in a jar of spaghetti sauce, a box of cereal, or a cup of coffee could come from around the corner or around the world; they could be processed by children or by high-tech machines; they could be grown on huge corporate farms or on small family-run farms; or they could be mostly artificial or 100-percent natural. While a description of a food product could include information on a multitude of attributes, not all of them are important to consumers or regulators. Information on some attributes could affect the health and welfare of consumers by influencing their food choices. Information on other attributes might have no effect at all. Consumers, food companies, third-party entities, and governments play a role in determining which attributes are described on the label. The interaction of these groups influences which information is labeled voluntarily, which is mandated, and which is not labeled at all. It shapes the way information is presented and the accuracy and credibility of that information. The economics behind food labeling provides insight into the dynamics of voluntary food labeling and the types of market failures best addressed through mandatory labeling requirements. Companies Will Voluntarily Label If Their Benefits Outweigh Their Costs Voluntary labeling is one of a food company’s many advertising options. Assuming that companies attempt to maximize profits, they will add information...
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...|Abstract | The importance of packaging design as a vehicle for communication and branding is growing in competitive markets for packaged food products. This research utilized a focus group methodology to understand consumer behavior toward such products and how packaging elements can affect buying decisions. Visual package elements play a major role, representing the product for many consumers, especially in low involvement, and when they are rushed. Most focus group participants say they use label information, but they would like it if simplified. The challenge for researchers is to integrate packaging into an effective purchasing decision model, by understanding packaging elements as important marketing communications tools. Propositions for future research are proposed which will help in developing better understanding of consumer response to packaging elements. [pic] Article type: Literature review, Survey. Keywords: Food packaging, Design, Consumer behaviour. Content Indicators: Research Implications** Practice Implications** Originality* Readability** [pic] British Food Journal Volume 106 Number 8 2004 pp. 607-628 Copyright © MCB University Press ISSN 0007-070x [pic] Introduction:...
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...P a g e | 1 of 5 Series on Understanding Business Law & Regulations As a small business owner, you are subject to the same regulations as large corporations. Even if you’re starting out on a small level and planning to grow, you must comply with business laws and regulations from the day you open for business. This month: Advertising Law: Truth in Advertising Product Labeling Advertising Specific Products You’ve got a great product or service to sell, and you’re anxious to begin promoting it to potential customers. To make sure the claims you make about your offerings are truthful and to protect consumers, all businesses have to comply with advertising and marketing laws. This section will help you understand the basic rules when it comes to advertising, labeling your products, and marketing online or over the phone. Truth in Advertising Advertising laws are aimed at protecting consumers by requiring advertisers to be truthful about their products and to be able to substantiate their claims. All businesses must comply with advertising and marketing laws, and failure to do so could result in costly lawsuits and civil penalties. So before you start an advertising campaign, it's important you understand some basic rules. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is the main federal agency that enforces advertising laws and regulations. Under the Federal Trade Commission Act: • • • Advertising must be truthful and non-deceptive Advertisers must have evidence to back up their...
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...Assignment 1. The (U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA proposed two regulations regarding calorie labeling on menus and menu boards in chain restaurants, retail food establishments, and vending machines. According to the FDA, “These proposals will ensure that consumers have more information when they make their own food choices.” The legislation interests me as an individual since it will after me though not necessarily the company for which I work for. 2. This regulations will make it mandatory for places like restaurants, retail food establishment, and even vending machines to have labeling which would give the consumers a list of the total calories that would be contained in the foods that they were buying. These labels would be in a consistent and easy to read format that a consumer would be able to understand. It would also contain the calorie value for which a general balanced diet would contain. 3. The compliance time for the legislation should be extended to at least 24 months. The amount of effort required to being the labeling of food items on menus and in other places will require both more time and costs will mount. Time is required since there is an obvious need to accurately represent the nutritional information on the menus. There are obvious costs to this which the establishments will need to figure out how to budget. The intent of the above comment is to both give the consumers accurate information on menus and to give the food establishments time to...
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...Selling Personal Care Products Regulations for Specific Products # 12 Jan. 2010 Personal care products fall into two categories: dietary supplements and cosmetics. Dietary supplements are products that are ingested, such as dried herbs, teas, tinctures, capsules, and tablets. These must meet regulatory requirements for processed foods as well as those listed below. Cosmetics are products that are applied to the human body for cleaning or body care. Fresh culinary herbs are exempt from these regulations. Information on selling fresh herbs can be found in the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Fact Sheet. Washington State law abides by the federal food, drug, and cosmetic act and with the federal trade commission act that expressly outlaws the false advertisement of food, drugs, devices, and cosmetics. For more information, please see the Washington State Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (RCW 69.04) which outlines the regulations governing the sale of dietary supplements and cosmetics at http://apps.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=69.04. In this fact sheet, we will review the regulations for: • dietary supplements definition; • dietary supplements safety and claims; • labeling dietary supplements; • definition of cosmetics; • federal regulations for cosmetics; and • cosmetics claims. Dietary Supplements Definition The State of Washington follows the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) definition of dietary supplements. These are considered products (other than tobacco) that are:...
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...MARKETING 100 Select Two Companies That Comply With The Regulation Of The Bureau of Consumer Protection The FDA is the oldest consumer-protection agency in the nation. It was established in 1906 from existing governmental agencies by the Food and Drug Act, which gave the agency its regulatory power. Previously called the Division of Chemistry, the Bureau of Chemistry, and the Food, Drug and Insecticide Administration, the agency's first, primary responsibility was to ensure the safety and purity of food sold to Americans. Today, the FDA regulates the labeling, cleanliness and purity of all foods except meat and poultry (which are regulated by the Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service). It ensures the safety of the nation's blood supply and other biologics, such as vaccines and transplant tissue. Drugs must be tested, manufactured and labeled according to FDA standards before they can be sold or prescribed. Medical devices such as pacemakers, contact lenses, hearing aids and breast implants are regulated by the FDA. X-ray machines, CT scanners, mammography scanners and ultrasound equipment also fall under FDA oversight. So do cosmetics. And the FDA takes care of our livestock and pets by ensuring the safety of livestock feed, pet food, and veterinary drugs and devices. Spring Valley Vitamin Supplements and CareOne comply with consumer protection labeling regulations. Nutritional labeling of dietary supplements must have particular dietary information...
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...Kudler Fine Foods, owner Kathy Kudler has recently expanded her business to include a catering service, but she needs to be aware of basic food regulations, product liabilities, and good workplace practices to meet all requirements set by food and safety regulations. In today’s society many consumers such as very young children, the elderly and pregnant women with very sensitive immune systems that is more at risk for food borne illnesses. “According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) there are five factors that contribute to the unsafe food preparation techniques in food establishments that is considered food borne illnesses by the FDA” (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2006, P.3). Warning and safe labeling on food is to help keep consumers abreast of food borne illness and how to prepare food the proper way. These warning labels help many consumers change the way they handle food preparation at home to prevent making themselves ill. Five food borne illnesses are: • Unsafe food sources • Insufficient cooking times • Inaccurate temperatures for holding food. • Unclean equipment • Staffs personal cleanliness Kathy Kudler and her operations management team will need to decide on a food management safety system that will help them manage their food related risk. One-way Kudler can began to implement a safe food managing plan is to take a general assessment of food regulations set by the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP)...
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...Starting a business in a foreign country requires the understanding of the country’s culture and etiquette. For instance, Spain has its procedures and regulations that businesses and organizations need to respect and follow to achieve success. First, companies need to learn the predominant language to communicate effectively on the foreign market. It is highly recommended to hire an interpreter. Building a solid business relationship is extremely important for any Spanish entrepreneur. Spaniards do not tend to have face-to-face meetings, but this is a new trend in the country because of the new international relations. Investors from the United States have an advantage dealing with Spaniards because their individualistic culture allows them to be straightforward when communicating the business’ interests and needs. Also, Spaniards tend to speak at once and interruptions are very common; however, this shouldn’t be interpret as rude, but as an indication that what’s being said is substantial. As a result, there might be meeting scheduled in agenda, but it will only serve as a guideline since in most cases it is not strictly followed. The business culture in Spain does not usually allow reaching a decision after a meeting. The members in a conference tend to only discuss and exchange ideas. To begin negotiation, an oral understanding must be reached, and then a formal contract should be written. Spaniards are very thorough. They will review every detail to make certain it is understood...
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...global competitiveness” is also commendable. This forum will not only expose the hidden potentials of Shea nut crop and its produce but also addresses the operational challenges of policy implementation, compliance to regulatory requirements and promotion of exchange of ideas to mitigate such challenges, but will also foster collaborations among the different stakeholders towards improving our economy. This address will highlight all the efforts of NAFDAC to effectively regulate the food , cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry as a means of improving the quality of Shea nut products for global 1 competitiveness. We believe that effective regulation in these sectors will attract foreign investors as well as encourage export of locally produced foods, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. Regulation is a public policy that controls private behavior for public good. Effective regulation assures the quality and safety of our regulated products and also stimulates growth in the industry. Under regulation often...
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...Doing Business in Japan The U.S. Commercial Service provides guidance on doing business in Japan and offers valuable assistance to help U.S. businesses exporting to Japan. Why doing business in Japan? As the world’s fourth-largest buyer of American products, Japan is a market that American companies should not overlook, but approach with a thoughtful strategy. Japan is a technology powerhouse, a “proving ground” for consumer requirements, and stands in the vanguard with respect to the sweeping changes recently seen in developed market demographics. Most U.S. state economic development agencies are also well aware of the important foreign direct investment coming into their communities from Japan. While the reasons U.S. firms engage with Japan are diverse, savvy firms recognize that underestimating the strategic and tactical importance of the Japanese market may disadvantage them not only in Japan, but in the United States and third-country markets as well. Japan is back in the business news headlines in 2013, owing in part to a rising stock market, a sharply lower yen, and stirrings of domestic demand for both personal consumption and capital investment. The new economic policy linked to these developments is known as “Abenomics”-- a three pronged strategy of bold monetary loosening, fiscal stimulus centered on infrastructure spending, and growth-oriented structural reform. While the implications and ultimate success of this strategy in reigniting growth in Japan are far...
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...January 1, 2012 8:52 PM Chapter 44 Lecture Note # 1 by Spring Walton Note edited by Spring Walton on 01/03/2012 08:07PM Chapter 44 Consumer Protection I. Introduction Consumer law issues include those of contracts (including UCC sales), torts, crimes, and product liability, often acting as a backup to the failures and shortcomings of those other areas of the law. All of them provide some measure of consumer protection, yet none stand alone as being complete. They are interdependent and, as such, students must be aware of the big picture of consumer protection. This chapter covers the fourth major set of venues within a quadripartite of remedies available to a wronged or injured consumer. First, there is criminal law. Victims of consumer fraud and similar offenses have always been able to seek state-supported sanctions against wrongdoers. This venue may provide some ephemeral satisfaction for the victim and may even, at least temporarily, protect society from further harm. But criminal law does not truly make the victim whole. As a matter of fact, most of the miscreants convicted of consumer fraud are also judgment proof, i.e., they have no assets from which civil judgments can be satisfied. The second area of consumer protection is found in tort law and the permutations of intentional tort, negligence tort, and strict liability. These remedies can and do provide meaningful substance to civil correction of wrongdoing...
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