...Football refers to a number of sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball with the foot to score a goal. The most popular of these sports worldwide is association football, more commonly known as just "football" or "soccer". Unqualified, the word football applies to whichever form of football is the most popular in the regional context in which the word appears, including association football, as well as American football, Australian rules football, Canadian football, Gaelic football, rugby league, rugby union[1] and other related games. These variations of football are known as football codes. Various forms of football can be identified in history, often as popular peasant games. Contemporary codes of football can be traced back to the codification of these games at English public schools in the eighteenth and nineteenth century.[2][3] The influence and power of the British Empire allowed these rules of football to spread, including to areas of British influence outside of the directly controlled Empire,[4] though by the end of the nineteenth century, distinct regional codes were already developing: Gaelic Football, for example, deliberately incorporated the rules of local traditional football games in order to maintain their heritage.[5] In 1888, The Football League was founded in England, becoming the first of many professional football competitions. In the twentieth century, the various codes of football have become amongst the most popular team sports in the...
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...This is only possible because of the contracts signed by each television network with each conference in order to gain rights. Depending on the contract, some networks receive first-tier rights and/or second-tier rights with each representing the amount of events each network broadcasts. First-tier rights are for football and/or basketball games broadcast nationally, while second-tier rights are for football and/or basketball games not selected by first-tier rights holders (Dosh). ESPN conducted research in which the SEC and the Pac-12 are shown as the two conferences that receive the most money from television networks. The SEC receives $825 million from CBS for a period of 15 years and $2.25 billion from ESPN for a period of 15 years and the Pac-12 receives $3 billion from both ESPN and Fox for broadcasting rights for a period of 12 years (Dosh). In addition to receiving the most money from television networks, The Pac-12 along with the Big Ten conference gives out the most per year average to their members with $20.8 million and $20.7 million respectively. This has allowed institutions to earn...
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...CONTENTS |Introduction |2 | |Main part |3 | |The British. The main features of the British character. |3 | |History of british sport |5 | |Sports invented in Great Britain |6 | |Framework of sport in Britain. |10 | |Modern Sport in Great Britain: Structure, Administration, Funding, Popularity, Sport media and Diseases. |13 | |Elite level sport |15 | |6.1. Elite level team sports |15 | |6.2. Elite level individual sports |22...
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...Jack Cobain Prof. Leanne MacDonald Multimedia Writing & Rhetoric 13300 11/11/2013 Reforming the NCAA In recent times a litany of scandals has brought the corruption of college sports to the forefront of the national discussion. Fans and media commentators express outrage each time it is discovered that a college athlete has been receiving under-the-table payments. These scandals disguise the larger issue however. The true injustice is not that some athletes are being paid but rather that more are not (Branch). Varsity athletics have evolved immensely since their inception in 1869 as a toughening agent to prepare American men for a new era of Darwinian struggle (Branch). College sports have become a lucrative industry, built on a free labor source unavailable in any other business (Palutsis). Yet despite the billions of dollars college athletes generate for their universities, they earn nothing for themselves. The restrictions placed on athletes by the NCAA not only prohibit the payment of a stipend to help cover the cost of attendance but they also prevent student-athletes from marketing themselves, cutting them off from potentially lucrative opportunities. A large proportion of these student-athletes come from low-income families who can barely afford to keep them in school even with the help of an athletic scholarship and to cut these people off from this potential source of income is cruel and unfair. While the NCAA’s commitment to amateurism sounds noble, in reality...
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...Sport in England 1. Introduction 3 2. History of Sport in England 3 2.1. Development of Sport in England 3 2.2. Traditions 3 2.2.1. The Royal Shrovetide Football 3 2.2.2. Cooper's Hill Cheese-Rolling and Wake 3 2.2.3. The Boat Race 3 3. Pub Sports 3 3.1. History 3 3.2. Bowls 3 3.3. Skittles 3 3.4. Darts 3 3.5. Cue Sports 3 3.5.1. History 3 3.5.2. 8-Ball 3 3.5.3. Snooker 3 4. England and the Olympic Games 3 4.1. Olympic Triumphs of England/ Great Britain 3 4.2. Olympic Games on English Ground 3 4.2.1. 1908 Summer Olympics in London 3 4.2.2. 1948 Summer Olympics in London 3 4.2.3. London 2012 3 5. Golf 3 5.1. History 3 5.2. Famous English Golf Players 3 5.3. Golf in England Today 3 6. Tennis 3 6.1. History 3 6.2. Great English Tennis Players 3 6.3. Tennis in the English Society Today 3 7. Cricket 3 7.1. History of Cricket 3 7.2. Rules 3 7.3. Cricket Idols 3 8. Rugby 3 8.1. History 3 8.2. The Six Nation Championship 3 8.3. Rugby in England Today 3 9. Football 3 9.1. History 3 9.2. English Football Today 3 9.3. Famous English Football Stadiums 3 9.4. Famous English Football Players 3 9.4.1. Sir Bobby Charlton 3 9.4.2. Sir Geoff Hurst 3 9.4.3. Heroes in the Recent Past 3 10. Conclusion 3 11. References 3 1. Introduction The following paper deals with sport in England. Because of the wide range of this topic, this paper will just go into some interesting subjects of English sport....
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...and a business suit, his days of glory shrunk to a little gold cup on his mantel with a date engraved on it like the date on a tombstone. (77)”, is a key passage in The Bell Jar. Esther Greenwood sees herself in the future, in the same predicament as the college football player. Esther sees herself being shocked, stunned, and unprepared when faced by her near future. Esther must have faith that her future opportunities are prosperous. She must also continue to have faith in herself, because other people may not believe that she has potential. Esther Greenwood has always had exceptional intelligence. Esther has constantly received straight A’s through primary and secondary school and also through college. She declares “All my life I’d told myself studying and reading and writing and working like mad was what I wanted to do, and it actually seemed to be true, I did everything well enough and got all A’s and by the time I made it to college nobody could stop me. (31)” When it comes to receiving an education, Esther can succeed with ease. Now that Esther’s days of education have come to an end she must concentrate on her future. Esther states “The one thing I was good at was winning scholarships and prizes, and that era was coming to an end. (77)” Esther now realizes that she can not obtain a substantial income by just winning scholarships and prizes through her entire life. Her years of winning of scholarships and prizes have ended and Esther must now find a way to apply her knowledge...
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...Shift To The Progressive Era Following the Civil War, the mid-19th century brought a second industrial revolution. Many technological advances took place during this time, which gave way towards the beginning of the Gilded Age. Although the Gilded Age brought great economic improvement, many suffered. The economic development that this era brought to America was very appealing to immigrants, and America experienced a large influx of European immigrants towards the latter part of the 1800’s. Despite the technological and economic improvements of the Gilded Age, only a small percentage of the population in America reaped the benefits of this. Living and working conditions were abysmal, and tensions rose within the large, yet poverty ridden middle...
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...By the second half of the nineteenth century Britain was a mature industrial society and was able to experience many of the benefits of the industrial revolution. Discuss. By the end of the nineteenth century, Britain experienced enormous industrial expansion, thereby creating an improvement in the lives of most of its people. The middle classes fare well by the opening of new opportunities in employment, residing, for the most part, in the new suburbs of the industrial cities and towns. They surrounded themselves with the clutter of possessions associated with a new consumer age. There were modest improvements in the working and living conditions of working class people, many of whom were drawn to the cities from rural areas in the hope of a better life. This essay will examine the conditions of life in late Victorian Britain in order to establish the extent of the benefits brought about by industrial transformation, insofar as they affected the lives of the different classes. In 1800, twenty five per cent of the population of England lived in the cities and towns. Within a period of eighty years this position was reversed. In 1850, the year of the Great Exhibition, which was a celebration of British industrial achievement, the ‘number of urban dwellers exceeded those who dwelt in the countryside’. The cities of Birmingham and Manchester more than doubled their populations between 1801 and 1831. The industrial revolution was synonymous with the cotton industry in...
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...Sports were a major aspect of the 1920s. Many players were at their peak and different games were rising to popularity. Legends were created and records yet to be broken had formed. These players and games are now part of American History. The 1920s was definitely the Golden Age of sports, but it did have a huge downfall. During the 1920s College Football was on the raise even rising above Professional Football. This sudden burst in popularity was due many young men and women entering universities after war. The universities profited about 21 Million Dollars each year because of College Football. Red Grange, a halfback from the University of Illinois, was another reason for the popularity of the sport. “He known as the Galloping Ghost because of his uncanny ability not to be tackled.” (1920s-fashion-and-music.com) 80 years after he graduated from school he won the “Greatest College Player of All Time.” This was only the start to an amazing sports era....
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...Despite the conflicting views held by some scholars about the origin of this beautiful game call soccer, more so on its influence that cults might have had on its evolution, there is one fact that is undeniable: football has grown for over a thousand years in various elementary forms, in the very region which we portray as its home, England and the British Isles. Regardless of the negative thought and thinking demonstrated by the authorities and the how the game was censured, some even prohibited the game, the enthusiasm of the fans transcend beyond their expectations. The frequent unproductive intervention to stop the game by those in authorities and high offices of the land shows how powerless they were to curb it, in spite of their disapproval and threats of harsh punishment. In 1314 the Lord Mayor of London made a proclamation forbidding football within the city due to the disturbance it usually caused. Anyone who was caught violation the law of the Major will face jail term. In fact, in 1331 a more stringent measure was introduced by King Edward III with the sole aim of suppressing the game, which was at that time regarded public annoyance. Within this same period, similar rules were being instituted in France. During the war between England and France from 1338 to 1453 , which lasted for over 100...
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...of the best soccer players ever, and he still encourages people in the soccer community today. Early Life Pele was born October 23, 1940, in the village of Três Corações (Source _3). Sadly when Pele was nine he dropped out of school and was coached by his father. By thirteen Pele was capturing the attention of the manager of Bauru (Source_3). As a teenager he played for a local minor-league club. In 1956 he had his debut with Santos Football Club. The team had won the cup and many more. They even won the 1962 world club championship (Source_2). Thanks to his father, his childhood coach, he played for his first soccer team in the town of Bauru, Brazil (Source_4). Since he played so well, he moved up to play for Santos' soccer team (Source_4). Pele had been coached by Waldemar de Brito who used to be a member of the Brazilian soccer team (Source_1). Somehow no one knows how he got the nickname of "Pele",but it was said that his friends were the first to call him that (Source_1)....
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...Tactical Visions An Introduction to Football Tactics playmaker 2 Tactical Visions Tactical Visions Football Manager 2010 sees a seismic shift in the way tactics are approached from the human perspective, seeking to replace ‘slider think’ with football speak. The focus is no longer on finding the correct settings to master the simulation, but on understanding how to create a coherent tactic using proper football terminology. The best way to understand the new tactical system is to look at what the real tacticians do. The aim of this article is not to tell you how to play, or which system is best, but to provide a solid platform on which to build your own ideas. If you’ve read books such as Jonathon Wilson’s ‘Inverting the Pyramid’ then hopefully this serves as a handy reminder. If not, then hopefully this will give you some ideas how to put your tactics together. You might agree with some points and disagree with others – in which case I have done my job, because you are thinking about football and not computer games. Beginnings As an Englishman I am obliged to stipulate three things. 1. We weren’t the first people to think of kicking a ball around. 2. We were the first to have a hissy-fit about rules and threaten to take our ball away, thus creating the modern version of the sport played worldwide. 3. We don’t understand how our own creation works and our tactics have the subtlety and sophistication of a herd of stampeding elephants with toothache. Which is pretty...
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...This Person in Sports: Casey Wasserman Casey Wasserman, grandson to Hollywood mogul Lew Wasserman, grew up with an entrepreneurial spirit and a knack for business like his grandfather. After graduating from UCLA with a Political Science degree, Wasserman got into the world of investment banking and realized it was not for him. At age 25, he became the youngest person to ever own a professional sports team when he purchased the LA Avengers of the Arena Football League. Helping to negotiate the AFL’s national TV partnership with NBC, as well as playing an integral part in the collective bargaining agreement with the players, Wasserman was later elected chairman of the league. His love of football, despite the termination of the LA Avengers in 2009, has not faded. Wasserman is currently working with LA Live and the Staples Center to build a $1 billion dollar stadium, which he hopes will be the new home of an NFL franchise in Los Angeles. Alongside his work with the AFL, Wasserman simultaneously founded Wasserman Media Group (WMG), which encompasses athlete management, corporate consulting, media rights and partnerships; he remains Chairman and CEO. Competing with some of the world’s largest talent management agencies, WMG has an extensive clientele (over 1,200 clients and close to $3 Billion in sponsorships) in all of the major sports, action sports, and the Olympic games. Big deals done by WMG include the naming rights agreement on the recently built Met Life Stadium in New...
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...picture) is a place where diversity can exist, and nobody questions it. Individuals come to meet friends, family, even strangers to become one fan base for their favorite team. No matter what differences these people have, they still manage to bond because of this one similarity. Everyone cheers for the same team, unless you’re in the wrong section of seats. This group, and any other large group of fans, represents a melting pot of people with different ethnicities, sexes, cultures, and/or religions. This picture of Duke fans gave me an appreciation for my hometown and the fact that so many of my friends and I love sports. It reminded me of the connection people feel when they are together, as one, cheering. Going to the baseball stadium, football dome, or ice rink, with my friends helped me grow closer to them. Through the excitement of everyone in the picture, the unity of school colors on each individual, and the diversity of sex and race, it can be determined that Duke's basketball team serves as some kind of social captivator for Duke fans, who are together watching the game. This picture shows the excitement of some people cheering on their school's basketball team. Everyone seems happy and excited. The body paint is an interesting concept. The color of someone’s skin tends to disconnect people sometimes. I think the younger generations are better at not being prejudice towards other races, but it still exists. This prejudice might...
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...HISTORY OF FOOTBALL. We all know many kinds of sports. Some people were taught how to play different type of sports during their early age. One of the sports is football. It is a very well-known sport. Football is also known as ‘soccer’ in the United States of America. Nearly all the males in the world play the game of football and if not, they just have a huge interest in football but do they actually know the history of the game of football and how it was first established? It is widely accepted that both the Romans and the Greeks started the sport of football which tells us that its origins are believed to lie in ancient times. During the Roman Empire, football wasn’t involved in the ancient Olympic due to the fact that football that time was just a test of bravery to the Roman Army as actions such as punching, hacking and generally assaulting the opponent were highly accepted as part of the game. Football during that time appears to have resembled rugby. Football was also mentioned in a compiled documents found in China which was from the 1st century BC. It describes a practice called cuju which means “kicking ball” in Chinese. Cuju was originally involved kicking a leather ball into a mini hole hung 9 meters above ground with the help of bamboo sticks. Rules were established then on the 2nd century BC and eventually, the game of of cuju spread to Japan as well as to Korea and the name of the sport has changed to Kemari respectively. However the sport appears to have...
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