...Chua / The Making of Jose Garcia Villa’s A Footnote to Youth 9 THE MAKING OF JOSE GARCIA VILLA’S FOOTNOTE TO YOUTH Jonathan Chua Ateneo de Manila University jchua@ateneo.edu This article recounts the story behind the publication of Villa’s stories and his book Footnote to Youth: Tales of the Philippines and Others (1933) in the United States. First, the conditions of the American literary marketplace are briefly described. Second, documents pertaining to the realization in print of Villa’s stories and his book are analyzed as sites of negotiations between colonial subject (Villa) and the colonial master (his American editors and publishers). Finally, an account of how Villa was made to circulate in the Philippines after the publication of his stories and his book in the United States is given. From these discussions the article hopes to show that Villa’s self-fashioning by publication was both subject to and critical of the colonial condition, alternately reinforcing it and challenging it. Abstract Philippine literature in English, book history, postcolonialism, exotic, author Keywords Jonathan Chua teaches at the Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of the Ateneo de Manila University. He is the editor of The Critical Villa: Essays in Literary Criticism by Jose Garcia Villa (2002). His edition of the collected short stories of Jose Garcia Villa is forthcoming from the Ateneo de Manila University Press. About the Author Kritika Kultura 21/22 (2013/2014):...
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...Title: Footnote to Youth Author: Jose Garcia Villa Characters: * Dodong – Think himself that he is not young anymore. * A 17 year old boy who wanted to get married with Teang * Teang – The girl who Dodong loves * Dodong’s Mother – do all housework, Dodong pitied her and want to have a sister who can help her. * Dodong’s Father – A silent and hardworking farmer. Dodong think that he would be refused by him. * Blas – Son of Dodong Also wanted to get married, by his age of 17 * Lucio – A suitor of Teang. Nine years older than Dodong. * Tona – woman whom Blas wants to marry Setting: The primary action takes place on their farm land especiallyon the field where the crops are planted wherein the ground is broken upinto many fresh wounds and fragrant with a sweetish early smell. It hasmany slender soft worms emerged from the furrows and then burrowedagain deeper in the soil. The time setting is almost the whole day from the morninguntil evening. The period of history on this story is on the 20th-21stcentury. It is the time of planting season almost June to August. There isno specific time of the day because it happens almost the whole day. Conflict/Problem: Internal conflict confronts the leading character. Internalcharacter in a way that he was struggling if he can managed himself tohave a family because he knows that he is in the legal age that he can beindependent and can definitely choose the right from wrong. But becauseof his foolishness...
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...Footnote to Youth Jose Garcia Villa I. Introduction Author: Jose Garcia Villa was born on August 5, 1908. His parents were Simeon Villa (a personal physician of Emilio Aguinaldo) and Guia Garcia (a wealthy landowner). He graduated from the University of the Philippines High School and enrolled on a pre Medical school medicine course in University of the Philippines UP, but then switched to pre Law school. He tried painting but turned to creative writing after reading Winesburg, Ohio by Sherwood Anderson.On February 5, 1997, at the age of 88, Jose was found on a coma in his New York apartment and was rushed to St. Vincent Hospital in the Greenwich area. His death two days later was attributed to "cerebral stroke and multilobar pneumonia". He was buried on February 10 in St. John's Cemetery in New York, wearing a Barong Tagalog. Summary: It all started when Dodonga teenager decided to marry Teang. He was just seventeen but he thinks he’s mature enough to marry and be with someone for the rest of his life. He asked and got the blessing from his father even though his father knows that Dodong is too young to marry and he’s going to commit the same mistakes which his parents did. Dodong lived with Teang and Teang got pregnant. When Dodong’s wife was giving birth to their son, he became guilty of his mistakes. He became guilty of being a young father. He realized that he was too young to handle the role of being a father. Teang also felt regret on what they have...
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...Footnote to Youth Footnote to Youth Jose Garcia Villa I. Introduction Author: Jose Garcia Villa was born on August 5, 1908. His parents were Simeon Villa (a personal physician of Emilio Aguinaldo) and Guia Garcia (a wealthy landowner). He graduated from the University of the Philippines High School and enrolled on a pre Medical school medicine course in University of the Philippines UP, but then switched to pre Law school. He tried painting but turned to creative writing after reading Winesburg, Ohio by Sherwood Anderson.On February 5, 1997, at the age of 88, Jose was found on a coma in his New York apartment and was rushed to St. Vincent Hospital in the Greenwich area. His death two days later was attributed to "cerebral stroke and multilobar pneumonia". He was buried on February 10 in St. John's Cemetery in New York, wearing a Barong Tagalog. Summary: It all started when Dodonga teenager decided to marry Teang. He was just seventeen but he thinks he’s mature enough to marry and be with someone for the rest of his life. He asked and got the blessing from his father even though his father knows that Dodong is too young to marry and he’s going to commit the same mistakes which his parents did. Dodong lived with Teang and Teang got pregnant. When Dodong’s wife was giving birth to their son, he became guilty of his mistakes. He became guilty of being a young father. He realized that he was too young to handle the role of being a father. Teang also felt regret on what...
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...Types of Brain Imaging Techniques By MICHAEL DEMITRI, M.D. Brain imaging techniques allow doctors and researchers to view activity or problems within the human brain, without invasive neurosurgery. There are a number of accepted, safe imaging techniques in use today in research facilities and hospitals throughout the world. fMRI Functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI, is a technique for measuring brain activity. It works by detecting the changes in blood oxygenation and flow that occur in response to neural activity – when a brain area is more active it consumes more oxygen and to meet this increased demand blood flow increases to the active area. fMRI can be used to produce activation maps showing which parts of the brain are involved in a particular mental process. CT Computed tomography (CT) scanning builds up a picture of the brain based on the differential absorption of X-rays. During a CT scan the subject lies on a table that slides in and out of a hollow, cylindrical apparatus. An x-ray source rides on a ring around the inside of the tube, with its beam aimed at the subjects head. After passing through the head, the beam is sampled by one of the many detectors that line the machine’s circumference. Images made using x-rays depend on the absorption of the beam by the tissue it passes through. Bone and hard tissue absorb x-rays well, air and water absorb very little and soft tissue is somewhere in between. Thus, CT scans reveal the gross features of the...
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...INTRODUCTION Footnote to Youth By Jose Garcia Villa Dodong is seventeen years old when he wanted to marry Teang and asked for his dad’s permission. Even thought Dodong thinked twice of marrying Teang, they still got married. After nine months, Teang gave birth to their eldest son Blas. Teang really regretted getting married in an early age. Her husband doesn’t know about this. She even wondered if ever she got married to Lucio who was nine years older than Dodong. When their son, Blas turned 18, he told his father, Dodong that he would marry Tona. Dodong didn’t rejected or complain he just talk to his son that he should not be rushing to marriage and Dodong doesn’t want his son to experience and be like him at the end. BODY AND CONTENT Dodong is the main character. Teang is the wife of Dodong who regretted marrying at an early age. Lucio is Teang’s other suitor who got married after she did and who is childless now. Blas is Dodong and Teang’s eldest son who followed their footsteps in the end. Blas also contemplated to marry Tona at the age of 18. Tona is the woman whom Blass wants to marry. EXERCISE 1. Who is the protagonist in the story? 2. What is the climax in the story? 3. Does Teang really wanted to get married in an early age? 4. What kind of character does Blas portray? 5. How old did Dodong got married? 6. Who is the other suitor of Teang? 7. How old did Blas got married? 8. Who is the eldest son of Dodong and Teang? 9. What is the falling action...
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...* COMPUTER USE IN MILITARY Without a computer, life at UNC would be very different. For example, taking this class without a computer would be nearly impossible. Today, computers have opened up a door in the military. Computers help our military train and educate members in ways that were not possible before. In short, computers help to simplify the complexities that our military faces and allow our military to more easily assess these problems in an efficient manner. This cuts down on risks associated with training new members of the military. Also, the introduction of computers allows for a much faster training speed. * Computer Simulations There are many reasons why simulations were a perfect fit for the military, the most obvious of which is training. Training for war is a dangerous business. It is also expensive, seeing as many people need to be trained to operate many millions of dollars worth of machinery. Simulations of real life situations, and real machinery, offers the military a safer and more cost effective way to train their soldiers. Now, mistakes in training that would have previously resulted in death, injury, or huge monetary costs only result in a failure of the simulation. Therefore, it is easy to see the enormous impact computer simulations have had in the military, and the lives of the soldiers that comprise the military. * Communications Learning and communicating successfully in large groups is key to surviving on the front line in the military. Everyone...
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...NEO-POSITIVISM STUART DODD (1900) Contributed the S theory as a qualitative systematic theory of society. The symbol S representing situation. Situations are of 4 components; time, space, population, and characteristics. GEORGE ZIPF (1902-1950) The guiding postulate of his theory is the “principle of least effort”- that is, in situations allowing alternatives, people choose those procedures that result in the "least average rate of probable work” WILLIAM OGBURN (1886-1959) Contributed the “hypothesis or theory of culture lag”- the lag between the adaptive culture (nonmaterial culture) and the more advanced material culture. HUMAN ECOLOGY ROBERT PARKS (1864-1959, American) Introduce the term human ecology competition as the basic process in human relationships; biotic factors as the proper field of study in human ecology. ERNEST BURGESS (1886-1996, American) Introduced the Concentric Zones Theory in the development of cities. AMOS HAWLEY His “ecological theory” proposes five ecological processes which bring about changes in the pattern of relationships: concentration expansion or centralization, contraction or decentralization, segregation and conversion. WALTER FIREY Advanced the socio-cultural ecology; posited the theory that space may have symbolic value; cultural definition and cultural values in the giving of meaning to space. EUGENE ODUM Advance the “equilibrium theory” or a balanced development...
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...Title Three : HUMAN RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT SEC. 76 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE AND STAFFING PATTERN Pursuant to the provisions of Local Government Code of 1991 , every Local Government Unit (LGU) shall design and implement its own organizational structure and staffing pattern. a. Priority needs b. Service requirements c. Financial capabilities : budgetary limitations of 45% in first to third class provinces cities, and municipalities and 55% in case of fourth class or lower, total annual income should be observed. d. Based on the standard and guidelines prescribed by the Civil Service Commission * The position should have Qualification Standard (QS) job (Sec. 2 Rule 4 of the Omnibus Rules Implementing Book V EO 292) * Personnel should be assigned to departments where the services are truly pertinent SEC. 77 RESPONSIBILITY FOR HUMAN RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT The Local Chief Executive (LCE) of every local government unit shall be * responsible for human resources and development in his unit * shall take all personnel actions in accordance with the Constitutional provisions on civil service, pertinent laws , rules and regulation * may employ casual employees or laborers paid on daily wage basis through job orders SEC. 78 CIVIL SERVICE LAWS,RULES AND REGULATIONS All matters pertinent to human resources and development in local government unit shall be governed by the civil service laws, rules and regulation ...
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...regret of she had done and think, what would be my life if i marry my other suitors instead of dodong? Can I have the same life as of now? She regrets so much of!! Until one day, when their son grow. He follows the footsteps of his parents. He wants to marry also at the age of 17. He told his parents what his plans. Dodong have nothing to do but explain how hard and how risky to be in "marriage "at the young age.. But like dodong before, his son also wants to pursue what he wants. The lesson we can learn is that marriage can wait the right time, if we want to be in this stage of life, we must prepare ourselves against the risk of it. I know we can all be in to it if we like too but not at the young age. This would be a lesson for youth like me. Jose Garcia villa is a great write coz aside from having nice story; he also had the point of view where we can have the knowledge of something related to what will happen to...
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...(2004) who asserts that adolescent crimes can occur regardless of good parenting. Keeler’s argument describes a teen who has dropped out school and is involved in criminal behavior. The worst of the behavior being several instances of drunk driving. There is a parent who appears genuine in her concern for her teen. Unfortunately, the argument also illustrates the parent’s frustration with her teen to the point where she releases the child first to relatives, then juvenile services. It was only after this transition that the child’s difficult behavior escalated to a criminal in nature. Parents must be encouraged to give their youth support and guidance, anything less can be detrimental to the youth and potentially others. Vaughn (2012) explains that parents should be aware of juveniles who exhibit chaotic and difficult behavior. After school clubs, youth clubs, and extra-curricular activities can be a resource for parents to use in discouraging criminal behavior. Since parents have the earliest chance of identifying and...
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...He told his parents what his plans. Dodong have nothing to do but explain how hard and how risky to be in "marriage "at the young age.. But like dodong before, his son also wants to pursue what he wants. The lesson we can learn is that marriage can wait the right time, if we want to be in this stage of life, we must prepare ourselves against the risk of it. I know we can all be in to it if we like too but not at the young age. This would be a lesson for youth like me. Jose Garcia villa is a great write coz aside from having nice story; he also had the point of view where we can have the knowledge of something related to what will happen to us. Analysis Footnote To Youth Footnote to Youth By Jose Garcia Villa 1.Explain the title. In what way is it suitable to the story? Footnote to youth is the title of the story. It is said that it is a footnote to youth because it is abrief reminder for the Filipinos especially the youth of what a real life could be today. It also indicatesthe sources or the causes why youth act this way. It furthermore adds comment, whether it is apositive or...
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... Footnote to Youth: Jose Garcia Villa In Jose Garcia Villa's Footnote to Youth, he tackles the responsibilities and realities that come with marriage and the family life. In it, he narrates the story of Dodong, wherein we are introduced to Dodong when he is seventeen and seeking to marry his love Teang. He is problematic over how he intends to talk to his father about marrying Teang, going over the possible responses his father would give, and at the same time convincing himself that he is old enough to handle the responsibility. On his way home, he makes a stop to relieve himself. The ground was broken up into many fresh wounds and fragrant with a sweetish, earthy smell. Many slender soft worms emerged from the furrows and then burrowed again deeper into the soil. The appearance of the worms and the occurrence of one worm crawling over Dodong's foot is of great importance to the story, as it serves as a revealing of Dodong's character and future. A short colorless worm marched blindly towards Dodong's foot and crawled clammily over it. Dodong got tickled and jerked his foot, flinging the worm into the air. Several characteristics attributed to the worm can also be reflected back onto Dodong's story, particularly the fact that the short worm was crawling blindly. It would be interesting to note, as well, the connection this worm crawling over Dodong's foot has with Jose Garcia Villa's title. A footnote is simply defined as a note...
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...GOD created the fantastic world by his own power. GOD created all creature including human beings. And the human beings are the who is appointed by GOD to take care of his creature. And those human beings are our first parent Adam and Eve. GOD place Adam and Eve to the Paradise and said you can take and eat all you want in this place except the fruit of knowledge place in the middle of this place. But the snake tempted the woman to eat the fruit of knowledge, and then the woman decided to eat that fruit and take one more for her husband. After eating that fruit the man and woman have the knowledge that they are naked. So they hide themselves to GOD, then GOD knows the disobedience they have committed. Then GOD punished them. In that story...
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...Dudong,17, is impatiently waiting for his father to return home so that he can tell him of his love for Teang and his desire to marry her. He feels that at 17 he is a grown man and is ready for the next important step in his life. When he tells his father that he has asked Teang to marry him and wants his blessing, there is a long and cruel silence. His father asks if he must marry her because Dudong is very young. Dudong resents his father's question, and finally his father gives his consent. Nine months later, Dudong is waiting outside while Teang gives birth to their first son, Blas. He feels young and inexperienced, a contrast to how he felt nine months ago. Dudong did not want any more children, but they came anyway. For the next six years, Teang gave birth. Seven children in all. Teang did not complain. However her body was now shapeless and thin from bearing so many children and from the hard work of caring for them and the household. Even though she loved Dudong, she cried and wished that she had not married so young. There had been another suitor, Lucio, who was nine years older than Dudong. She chose Dudong because he was so much younger. Lucio had married after she married Dudong, however, he was childless. She wonders if she had married Lucio, would she be childless? She feels that would have been a better lot in life. But she loves Dudong, even though life has made him old and ugly. One night Dudong goes outside and thinks about his life. He wants to have...
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