...Indian Railways and IT Systems Used 1. ERP- enterprise resource planning (ERP) IT enables signaling system MIS and LRDSS(Long Range Decision Support System) for investment optimization FOIS - Freight Operations Information System Comprehensive Payroll Processing System Vigilance software system Material Management Information System for P-way Comprehensive Accounting & Transaction System 2. CRM/PRS Online Ticket Booking Online Train Status Cell/Landline Rail Reservation Unreserved Ticketing System E-Payment of Freight 3. CONCERT Country Wide Network of Computerized Enhanced Reservation and Ticketing Integrates five Regional Reservation Centers into National PRS Grid Performs reservations for over 8.82 Lakh seats &Berths daily ( Peak rush -10.16 lakh) More than 4250 reservation terminals at more than 1200 locations Judicious mix local autonomy with uniformity of business rules. Very complex Business transactions - Handles Reservations, Modifications, Cancellations/ Refunds Comprehensive functionality 4. FOIS Freight Operations Information System An on line real time system for management and control of freight traffic Instant access to information regarding status of consignments in transit, for just in time inventory Assists in Asset Tracking, Asset Planning Performance Monitoring , to optimize Asset utilization Functions Using HR – Payroll GRP/Security – Vigilance Freight Dept...
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...Indian Railways customer success story I n dustry • Public Sector BusI n ess Challenge • Providing a seamless and centralized process of purchasing and managing unreserved tickets syBase teCh nology • Adaptive Server® Enterprise • SQL Anywhere® • Replication Server® Key Ben efIts • Minimizes the transaction time of issuance to less than 20 seconds per ticket • Enables advance booking and cancellation of unreserved tickets from any station • Improves passenger satisfaction with 24x7 ‘Always Available’ ticketing • Minimizes possibilities of manipulations and malpractice • Enables centralized control for monitoring and auditing • Ensures accounting of the tickets sold across all railway zones • Sustains growth in passengers without any growth in staff • Simplifies changes in fare structure, destination and other database updates Indian Railways (IR), the largest rail network in Asia and the world’s second largest under one management, spanning over 6000 stations, carries 17 million passengers every day. Only a million passengers travel with reserved seat tickets, and the remaining 16 million passengers travel each day without a confirmed seat. While reserved ticketing technology is enabled, unreserved ticketing was done primitively using printed cards. Generating over 49% of its earnings, Indian Railways needed a solution to centralize the purchase and management of unreserved tickets...
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...1. INTRODUCTION Railways were first introduced to India in 1853. By 1947, the year of India's independence, there were forty-two rail systems. In 1951 the systems were nationalized as one unit, becoming one of the largest networks in the world. Indian Railways operates both long distance and suburban rail systems. [pic][pic] Fig: Shows the top railways network in world Indian railway is one of the largest and busiest rail networks in the world, transporting 17 million passengers and more than 2 million tons of goods daily. IR is the world's largest commercial, with more than 1.6 million employees. The railways traverse the length and breadth of the country; the routes cover a total length of more than 63,327 km (39,500 miles). As of 2008, IR owned about 225,000 wagons, 45,000 coaches and 8,300 engines and ran more than 18,000 trains daily, including about 8,984 passenger trains and 9,387 goods trains. Annually it carries some 4.83 billion passengers and 492 million tons of goods. Of the 11 million passengers who climb aboard one of 8,984 trains each day, about 550,000 have reserved accommodations. Their journeys can start in any part of India and end in any other part, with travel times as long as 48 hours and distances up to several thousand kilometers. The challenge is to provide a reservation system that can support such a huge scale of operations — regardless of whether it's measured by kilometers, passenger numbers, routing complexity...
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...For the exclusive use of C. Calina, 2015. Journal of Information Technology (2007) 22, 432–439 & 2007 JIT Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. All rights reserved 0268-3962/07 JIT016 palgrave-journals.com/jit Teaching case Modernization of passenger reservation system: Indian Railways’ dilemma Shirish C Srivastava1, Sharat S Mathur2, Thompson SH Teo1 1 School of Business, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Railway Information Systems, Indian Railways, New Delhi, India 2 Correspondence: SC Srivastava, School of Business, National University of Singapore, 1 Business Link, Singapore, Singapore 117592, Singapore. Tel: þ 65 6516 3038; Fax: þ 65 6779 2621; E-mail: shirish@nus.edu.sg Abstract This teaching case discusses the challenges being faced by the technology managers at Indian Railways (IR) in the current scenario of a resurgent national economy coupled with increasing customer expectations. In the face of growing competition from road and low-cost airlines, to retain its customers, IR has responded by changing its business rules. The Railway Ministry expects a rapid response from Centre for Railway Information Systems (CRIS) to incorporate all these changes in the passenger reservation system (PRS). The old PRS, which is time-tested and reliable, and has been serving the customers’ needs for nearly two decades, is now proving to be relatively inflexible to match the rapidly changing business requirements. Although...
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...Course Number: INSE-6230 Course Title: INSE 6230 Total Quality Project Management Winter 2015 Project Title Improving the Online Reservation System of Indian Railways Submitted to: Dr. Ayda Basyouni Student Name Ali Al-Dulaimi Yang Liu Pavithra Keshavamurthy Raghu Gaddam Dileep Vanga Akhilesh Masna The Assignment Group Student I.D. Student E-mail 7733097 aliknf@gmail.com 7657633 formatu87@gmail.com 6827527 pavithrak2006@gmail.com 7633017 Raghu448@gmail.com 6784380 Dileepv526@gmail.com 7158815 akhileshmasna056@gmail.com 1 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 6 2. INITIATION PHASE ..................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Analysis of different options and recommendations ......................................................................... 6 2.2 Weight Decision Matrix....................................................................................................................... 6 2.3 SWOT analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 7 2.4 Business case....................................................................................................................................... 8 2.4.1 Introduction/Background...
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...1 HIGHLIGHTS OF THE RAILWAY BUDGET 2014-15 Thrust 1. Safety 2. Project Delivery 3. Passenger Amenities/Services with focus on food services & on cleanliness, sanitation, toilets 4. Financial Discipline 5. Resource Mobilization 6. IT Initiatives 7. Transparency & System Improvements. Major Challenges facing the Railway System _ Vast tracts of hinterland waiting for rail connectivity. _ Railways expected to earn like a commercial enterprise but serve like a welfare organization. _ Railways carry Social Service Obligation of more than Rs 20,000 cr by carrying services below cost. This is nearly 16.6% of GTR and is almost half of Railways’ Plan Outlay under budgetary sources. _ Surplus revenues declining; Hardly any adequate resources for its development works. _ Tariff policy adopted lacked rational approach; passenger fares kept lower than costs; loss per passenger kilometer increased from 10 Paise per Km in 2000-01 to 23 Paise in 2012-13. _ ‘Decade of Golden Dilemma’ – choosing between commercial and social viability. _ Share of Railways in freight traffic coming down consistently. _ Rs 5 lakh crore required for ongoing projects alone. _ Focus so far in sanctioning more and more projects with inadequate prioritization rather than completing them; Of the 674 projects worth Rs 1,57,883 cr sanctioned in the last 30 years, only 317 could be completed. Completing the balance requires Rs 1,82,000 cr. _ Most of Gross Traffic Receipts is spent on fuel...
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...seats, etc • PESTEL Analysis Political Regulators: Directorate General of Civil Aviation(DGCA) - controls flying Licenses, pilots, certifying aircrafts and procedures to govern airports & airspace. Airport Authority of India(AAI) • Assigned the responsibility of managing National and International airports and administration through Air Traffic Control(ATC). FDI ceiling in Airlines sector is 49% currently. FDI limits: - 100% for Greenfield airports - 74% for the existing airports - 100% for NRI’s. • Economic Factors Contribution to the Indian Economy Rising cost of fuel Investment in the sector of Aviation. The growth of middle income group family affects the Aviation sector Shortage of Infrastructure capacity Social Factors Development of cities leads to better services and airports Employment opportunities Safety regulations Technological Factors The growth of e-commerce and e-ticketing Mobile and online check-in Modernization and privatization of airports. Upgradation of ATC. • Environmental Factors The increase in the global warming The...
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...and a fleet of three Lockheed constellation aircraft. Its first flight took off on June 8, 1948 on the Mumbai (Bombay)-London air route. At the time of its nationalization in 1953, it was operating four weekly services between Mumbai-London and two weekly services between Mumbai and Nairobi. The joint venture was headed by J.R.D. Tata, a visionary who had founded the first India airline in 1932 and had himself piloted its inaugural flight. Current Trend in Civil Aviation Industry in India It is a phase of rapid growth in the industry due to huge build-up of capacity in the LCC space, with capacity growing at approximately 45% annually. This has induced a phase of intense price competition with the incumbent full service carriers (Jet, Indian, Air Sahara) dis-counting to 60-70% for certain routes to match the new entrants ticket prices. This, coupled with costs pressures (a key cost element, ATF price, went up approximately 35% in recent months, while staff costs are also rising on the back of shortage of trained personnel), is exerting bottom-line pressure. The growth in supply is overshadowed by the extremely strong demand growth, led primarily by the conversion of train/bus passengers to air travel, as well as by the fact that low fares have allowed passengers to fly more frequently. There has, therefore, been an increase in both the width and depth of consumption. However, the regulatory environment, infrastructure and tax policy...
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...BUSINESS GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY THE POWER OF INTERNET AND ITS IMPACT IN INDIA INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT PGDM[2013–15] BY: R O H I T K U M A R G O E L [DM15142] SECTION 1 Page |2 CONTENTS S.NO. I II III IV V TITLE INTRODUCTION IMPACT ON BUSINESS PRACTISES AND SOCIETY IMPACT ON GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY CONCLUSION REFERENCES PAGE NO. 3 3 6 6 8 GREAT LAKES INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT | Introduction The internet is a medium that is soaring in polarity in almost every facet of the world and is used for a myriad of reasons by persons, universities, governments and businesses. It is the network that facilitates communication among all the smaller networks and individual computer systems that connect to it. It is growing at an impressive rate due to the many services it facilitates, the ease with which services can be created, the presence of a single standard and the global reach that makes national boundaries invisible. With the dramatic increase in bandwidth, decreasing communication costs and an everincreasing number of organizations using it, the Internet has ushered in a revolution. As far as businesses are involved, the internet usage has been tested to a variety of experimentations that seek to determine the viability of using the internet to improve business practices in various industries in India. One particular aspect of business is that the internet marketing has a great impact on society. Around the world, developed countries have improved their communication systems...
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...Jet Airways Aviation sector: One of the growing sectors of the Indian economy is the aviation sector. It is the world's ninth largest civil aviation market and ranks fourth in domestic passenger volume. The civil aviation market in India is all set to become the world's third largest by 2020. In India's airports sector, total passenger traffic stood at a 169 million in FY14, registering an increase of 5.9 per cent. Domestic passenger traffic expanded at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.6 per cent over FY06–14. It is expected to touch 209 million by FY17. International passenger traffic posted a CAGR of 9.6 per cent over FY06-14 and is set to touch 60 million by FY17. Total freight traffic registered a CAGR of 6.2 per cent over FY06-14. Domestic freight traffic increased at a CAGR of 7.1 per cent over FY06-14 while international freight traffic rose 5.8 per cent over the same period. The Government of India (GOI) envisions airport infrastructure investment of US$ 11.4 billion under the Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-17). It has opened airport sector to private participation, six airports across major cities are being developed under the PPP model. It has also allowed 100 per cent foreign direct investment (FDI) under automatic route for Greenfield projects and 49 per cent FDI for foreign carriers. The Indian aviation sector is expected to see investments worth US$ 12.1 billion during the Twelfth Five Year Plan. Of the total investment, US$ 9.3 billion is expected...
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...have lifted purely to the online medium. New and inventive models and type of business need to be invented and worked. Existence of e-contract in the market is accomplishing the need for innovativeness in the traditional business segments. Businesses, both existing and new are trying to create an online individuality and an e-contract stand keeping in view the needs of the modern times. E-contract is one of the divisions of e-business. It holds a similar meaning of traditional business wherein goods and services are switched for a particular amount of consideration. The only extra element it has is that the contract here takes place through a digital mode of communication like the internet. It provides an opportunity for the sellers to reach the end of consumer directly without the involvement of the middlemen. New models of business demands different organisational charters. E-contract demands an organizational charter which caters to its new marketing needs. This mode of business enables businesses to save time on product design and device products according to the individual customer requirement, track sales and get immediate feedback from the customer. Contracts have become so common in day-to-day life that most of the time we do not even recognize that we have entered into one. Right from buying a vegetable and hiring a Cab or to buying an airline ticket online, uncountable thing in our daily exists is governed by contracts. The Indian Contract Act, 1872 rules the...
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...entrants.[4] The industry consensus is that growth is at an inflection point.[5] Unique to India (and potentially to other developing countries), cash on delivery is a preferred payment method. India has a vibrant cash economy as a result of which 80% of Indian e-commerce tends to be Cash on Delivery. However, COD may harm e-commerce business in India in the long run [6] and there is a need to make a shift towards online payment mechanisms. Similarly, direct imports constitute a large component of online sales. Demand for international consumer products (including long-tail items) is growing much faster than in-country supply from authorised distributors and e-commerce offerings. Market size and growth[edit] India's e-commerce market was worth about $2.5 billion in 2009, it went up to $6.3 billion in 2011 and to $14 billion in 2012.[1] About 75% of this is travel related (airline tickets, railway tickets, hotel bookings, online mobile recharge etc.). Online Retailing comprises about 12.5% ($300 Million[7] as of 2009). India has close to 10 million online shoppers and is growing at an estimated 30%[8] CAGR vis-à-vis a global growth rate of 8–10%. Electronics and Apparel are the biggest categories in terms of sales. Key drivers in Indian e-commerce are: * Increasing broadband Internet (growing at 20%[9] MoM) and 3G penetration.[10] * Rising standards of living and a burgeoning, upwardly mobile middle class with high disposable incomes * Availability of much wider product...
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...Table of Contents Budget 1 Railway Budget 2014-15 1 Union Budget 2014-15 2 Budget Railway Budget 2014-15 The Union Railway Budget for 2014-15 was presented by Mr D V Sadananda Gowda, Union Minister for Railways, Government of India, on July 8, 2014. Budget Highlights: Railways hope to achieve total receipts of Rs 1,64,374 crore and would peg total expenditure at Rs. 1,49,176 crore," he said. Earnings from Freight Traffic are estimated at Rs 1,05,770 crore and from Passenger Traffic Rs 44,645 crore, Indian Railways earned approximately Rs. 1,40,485.02 crores in fiscal 2013-14, as compared to Rs. 1,21,831.65 crores in fiscal 2012-13. Total goods earnings were Rs. 94925.02 crores in fiscal 2013-14, as compared to Rs. 82852.54 crores in fiscal 2012-13. It had a net income of 10,400 crore in 2013-13 and * Railways will play a role in building a dynamic India * Target to make India the largest freight carrier of the world * Highest-ever plan outlay of Rs 65,445 crore (US$ 10.95 billion) with budgetary support of Rs 30,100 crore (US$ 5.03 billion) * Leveraging of Railway PSU resources by bringing in their investible surplus funds in infrastructure projects of the Railways * 58 new trains .5 new Jansadharan trains, 5 Premium and 6 AC trains, 27 new Express trains, 8 new passenger services, 5 DEMU services and 2 MEMU services to be introduced and run of 11 trains to be extended * Bullet train proposed on identified Mumbai–Ahmedabad sector ...
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...which resulted in the integration of the economy with the global economy. This combined with globalization and the advent of Internet has facilitated the growth of e-commerce market all over the world. India first came into interaction with the online E-Commerce via the IRCTC in 2002. The government of India experimented this online strategy to make it convenient for its public to book the train tickets. Since then the market was taken over by airlines and other travel companies which made the mode of ticket booking online. This was taken forward by Flipkart, Snapdeal, Amazon and other companies and today, they rule this industry. The E-commerce business transactions are categorized into business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-consumer (C2C), consumer-to-business (C2B) and the recently evolved business-to-business-to-consumer (B2B2C). E-Travel is the most popular form of E-Commerce, followed by E-Tail which essentially means selling of retail goods on the internet conducted by the B2C category. E-commerce provides multiple benefits to the consumers in form of availability of goods at lower cost, wider choice and saves time. Also, online services such as banking, ticketing (including airlines, bus, railways), bill...
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...Information Technology in India tIKO The global media started writing about India positively only in the past eight years, largely due to the spectacular progress of the Indian IT industry T2K came as a bolt form the blue and a blessing in disguise. Terms like IT superpower and your job is Bangalore and tom Friedman’s book “The world is flat” that went on to become not a mere new York times best-seller, but the best amount many bestsellers in year 2005 brought Indian into the center stage of global IT. The three software services majors-Infests. TCS and Wipro together-have annual revenues of more than $ 10 billion dollars: each of them employs nearly 100,000 employees by the end of year 2008. The number of IT/ITES professionals employed in Bangalore is just short of the combined employment of the entire state of Karnataka. Though, the global recognition is new to India. IT has deep roots in India going all the way back to the discovery of zero! Even in the recent past a number of developments have taken place mostly away from the media glare, some of them include-investment in education, nurturing excellence in key educational institutions, emphasis on R & D, imaginative policy planning and political will to support and sustain IT across all areas. They all helped Indian IT to grow to its current formidable position. The role of the government can be seen in various measures. Home Bhabha committee realized the need for focus in electronic and computer...
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