...Gill’s opinion explains why so many horse owners love timothy hay! Timothy grass is a blue-green perennial bunchgrass that grows in zone C and zone D. The grass usually stands between two and four feet tall and grows the best in cooler climates. Strands are not expected to last more than three to four years. Normal Tennessee’s summer droughts can cause strand reduction. The best time to plant this wonderful grass is between August 15 and October 1. Harvesting is supposed to be done around early bloom; however, this is rarely done. Dr. Gill explained that late cutting is due to buyers wanting to see tails in the hay. The primary use of timothy grass is for pastures and hay. Sources for timothy grass: Dr. Gill lectures Southern Forages (Class Textbook) www.forages.tennessee.edu Orchardgrass Latin name: Dactylis glomerata “The name orchardgrass is because it grows well in the shade.”-Dr. Gill Europe was where this grass origins from in the late 1700’s. Orchardgrass is a perennial bunchgrass that grows in upper zone C and zone D. This grass doesn’t have rhizomes or stolons, therefore orchardgrass spreads by tillering. In order to establish orchardgrass, one should plant the seeds between September 15 and September 20. It is also recommended to be planted with a legume. The soil should have a pH between 5.8 and 7.0, this can be determined with a soil test. Orchardgrass usually grows two to three feet tall. This grass has many pests that can damage the product...
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...Chapman ANT 101: Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Professor: Vasilica Margarit May 12, 2013 I. Introduction A. Thesis Statement The Batek are 'the original people of Malaysia' they make their homes in the rainforest, they are a society that forages, they have a different religious style, well-established traditions social organization, and gender defined roles. II. Body paragraph 1 – Topic Sentence The Batek are a foraging tribe that shares everything amongst their village, they have a community built on the kinship way of life. A. Supporting Evidence As stated in the book, Property, Power, and Conflict among the Batek of Malaysia, Sharing food is an absolute obligation to the Batek, not something, the giver has much discretion over – as one hunter said “If I didn't take the meat back to camp, everyone would be angry at me.” Endicott, Kirk (1988) B. Explanation The Batek feel they have a moral duty to share the food that they forage. They feel that not sharing would be a form of stealing from the group. C. So What? So the main mode of survival for the Batek and their society depend on the foraging and sharing way of life. III. Body paragraph 2 – Topic Sentence 2 The communal way...
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...Forage for Thought: Mobilizing Codes in the Movement for Grass-fed Meat and Dairy Products Klaus Weber Northwestern University Kathryn L Heinze Northwestern University Michaela DeSoucey Northwestern University This study illuminates how new markets emerge and how social movements can effect cultural change through market creation. We suggest that social movements can fuel solutions to three challenges in creating new market segments: entrepreneurial production, the creation of collective producer identities, and the establishment of regular exchange between producers and consumers. We use qualitative data on the grassroots coalition movement that has spurred a market for grass-fed meat and dairy products in the United States since the early 1990s. Our analysis shows that the movement’s participants mobilized broad cultural codes and that these codes motivated producers to enter and persist in a nascent market, shaped their choices about production and exchange technologies, enabled a collective identity, and formed the basis of the products’ exchange value.• The creation of new markets is an important engine of economic and cultural change. But new markets do not emerge naturally; rather, they often arise from collective projects that mobilize the necessary economic, cultural, and socio-political resources (Fligstein, 1996; Swedberg, 2005). A growing body of research suggests that social movements can play a central role in fueling such projects (Carroll and Swaminathan...
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...more than one friendship. I could not the amount of money that Bug Light has brought to local business, whether it be through the sales of bait fish from people such as Captain Jimmy Lewis, or charter captains having the ability to find bait relatively easy with their clients, which starts the day off on a good note. Happy clients equates to return business, which can greatly affect the South Florida economy. The use of less fuel to search for bait affects not only the economy but also the environment. Some may think that us fisherman want this FAD put in place to make our lives easier, which is selfish and arrogant. In reality, this FAD would be positive on all levels; it would provide structure for many species of fish and crustaceans to forage at. I believe the FAD should be put in place for 3 main reasons: It will help local south florida charter captains, who make a living fishing, improve their business. The FAD will provide structure for plenty of animals who live in the ocean, not just baitfish. And lastly, I believe that others should have the opportunity that I had when I was young, so they too can learn what I was taught baitfishing at Bug Light. Thank you for your time, Jack...
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...Field Trip Summary Report Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge Submitted by: C. Turner EAS 201, Spring 2012 INTRODUCTION New York City is home to a diverse grouping of species - a varied assembly of organisms, each with its own form, function, and range of desirable living conditions. The CUNY SPS course “The Nature of New York” invites learners to investigate urban ecosystems, and evaluate the relationship between humans, the environment, and the ability of all living systems to do well on the planet. JAMAICA BAY WILDLIFE REFUGE As part of the natural science program, students were offered a guided tour though Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in Queens, New York, led by Professors George Jackman and Dr. Kwesi Amoa. Wildlife refuges are generally legislatively-protected territories where nature is supported and meant to thrive without the threat of harmful interference.1 The Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge was developed as part of President Theodore Roosevelt’s efforts to preserve and protect the nation’s natural resources in the early 1900’s. Currently managed by the National Park Service and part of the Gateway National Recreation Area2, the site is well known for its inhabitance of wild birds, and is home to various terrestrial and marine fauna. The park is surrounded by Jamaica Bay, and its landscape features two large fresh water ponds, a salt marsh and seasonal plant life.3 The weather for our winter field trip was mild (low to mid 40’s). The wind was brisk and the sun was shining...
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...A fresh start gives you the opportunity to have a second chance. If you have a problem at your school, a fresh start lets you get a clean state in a new school. I know it’s true, for people have many problems in one place. They can solve that problem by getting out and going to a new location. They would have to go far but it’s worth it. In the movie, One Tree Hill, Haley got bullied a lot in her school because she was really smart. One problem was that she was too smart. Everyone knew her grades, do they called her a nerd. Despite being bullied for years, Haley didn’t get brought down. Then the bullying got too much for her to handle. Haley moved away to a school new school called,” One Tree Hill”.She had moved their to get away...
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...THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea is the story of an epic struggle between an old, seasoned fisherman and the greatest catch of his life. For eighty-four days, Santiago, an aged Cuban fisherman, has set out to sea and returned empty-handed. So conspicuously unlucky is he that the parents of his young, devoted apprentice and friend, Manolin, have forced the boy to leave the old man in order to fish in a more prosperous boat. Nevertheless, the boy continues to care for the old man upon his return each night. He helps the old man tote his gear to his ramshackle hut, secures food for him, and discusses the latest developments in American baseball, especially the trials of the old man’s hero, Joe DiMaggio. Santiago is confident that his unproductive streak will soon come to an end, and he resolves to sail out farther than usual the following day. Character List Santiago - The old man of the novella’s title, Santiago is a Cuban fisherman who has had an extended run of bad luck. Despite his expertise, he has been unable to catch a fish for eighty-four days. He is humble, yet exhibits a justified pride in his abilities. His knowledge of the sea and its creatures, and of his craft, is unparalleled and helps him preserve a sense of hope regardless of circumstance. Throughout his life, Santiago has been presented with contests to test his strength and endurance. The marlin with which he struggles for three days represents his greatest challenge. Paradoxically...
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...Are you in search of the biggest bass of your life? Have you ever tried swimbait fishing? Most expert fishing men will tell you that the rarely get a hit off of a swimbait, but when they do it is one of the biggest fish they ever caught! Once you have tried swimbait fishing and have caught the biggest fish of your life you will never go back to spoons or top water lures ever again! Now when you first start looking for a swimbait lure to try you will see very large lures, sometimes up to a foot long. Yes, I said a foot long! If you have never fished for bass then you would probably be really surprised by the size of these lures. However, what you do not know is that bass are notoriously known for literally trying to eat fish their own size. Bass do not care what size the fish is when they are looking for a tasty snack! So do not be put off by the size of some of these lures. There are also many different types of swimbait lures out there. Once you have decided on the size and the type it is time to catch that big bass you have been dreaming of! There are a few things you have to remember when swimbait fishing for bass. First of all before you even put your line in the water with the expectation of a big hit you need to make sure that the lure moves right. Sometimes your lure will not have the natural movement of a fish the first time you use it. It could look jerky or roll, you do not want this. If this is happening you just change where the hooks are in the lure. This small modification...
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...1a) Y U Ranch carried 165 Longhorn cattle that were raised for beef, breeding and showing. In terms of the beef industry, the meat was quite lean due to the forages Bryan Gilvesy fed to his cattle. Following the mainstream market for beef ranchers, Gilvesy entered some of his cattle into public auction barns where his cattle were weighed and auctioned off by pound, also known as ‘scaling’. The buyers in these auctions are known as packers and act as intermediaries for the ranchers and the customers, where they slaughter and prepare the meat for distribution. Products from Y U Ranch included frankfurters, ground beef patties, and various other cuts. Y U Ranch would also sell directly to a few local customers without the use of an intermediary....
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...Alfalfa is very different when compared to grass forages. Not only are the nutrients different, but the digestibility of the forages in the horse’s stomach. Horses are monogastric animals. This means that horse have a single chambered, simple stomach. The plant species best suited for horses depends on the breed and size as well as the medical conditions of the horse. Grass has different varieties as does alfalfa. All these varieties contain different nutrients and will affect the horse differently (Kellems, 2010). Horses are grazing animals. This means they can eat grasses and forages through the day. These are also called roughages. These roughages are the most important part of a horse’s diet. A good source of alfalfa or grass forage can almost...
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...suitable for grazing or browsing use. They are those lands with physical limitations such as erratic rainfall, are rugged, very low temperatures or very high temperatures making them unsuitable for natural cultivation or agriculture. THREATS TO THE RANGEPLANTS. 1. Climatechange. This includes temperature change, precipitation, and evaporation .It affects the length of the growing seasons ad changes in timing of germination, phenogy, pollination. It also decreases the dry season water availability due to early runoff and higher evaporation .It also leads to reduced forage yields and quality. 2. Invasive plants species. These are the plant species that are not the native inhabitants of an area but may have been introduced as a result of human activities e.g. through transportation .They evolve and colonize an area. Examples: prosopis, juniperus occidentalis, isatistentoria L.(a weed found in Montana Rangelands)-it reduces forage carrying capacity. 3. Frequent forest fires. This always occur either naturally during dry seasons or as a result of human activities e.g. burning by the honey combs. It kills other plant species. 4. Land use changes. The land use change has proven to be a threat to the rangelands. For instance cultivation. Most people have made an effort of introducing arable farming into the rangelands through irrigation. This has really affected the range ecosystem due to introduction of chemicals and clearing of the lands for cultivation. 5. Population increase .Many people...
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...There are many factors that impact western low land gorilla (Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla) behavior. These behaviors can be triggered by the environment and disturbances that occur in or around their environment. A western low land gorilla’s (Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla) behavior effects their eating and foraging habits (Doran McNeilage 1998). For example, when there is an increase in human presence eating and foraging decreases and awareness increases. The cause of the increase of awareness can come from the increase of physiological stress. From the effect of physiological stress a western low land gorilla (Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla) will focus on the disturbance than their own needs. Disturbances that occur can be from human (Homo sapiens) presence....
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...consist of green leaf tissue which is valuable to New Zealand farms. The aim of the report is to find out the potential contribution of chicory to New Zealand farms by its agronomic principles, main advantages and the associated limitations. The literature covered in the findings is from Australian and New Zealand journals and websites, majority being by New Zealand researchers. Findings suggest that chicory is beneficial to New Zealand system under the right conditions following certain guidelines and recommendations. Deer and lambs can do better on chicory rather than the traditional ryegrass (table 1). Other findings suggest that climate change will have an impact on plant growth in chicory. Introduction Chicory is classed as a forage crop that belongs to the Asteracea family. It is commonly used as a specialist summer feed crop which is vital during summer and spring. Unique advantages of the crop ranges from maintaining and increasing the feed supply and quality whilst also providing a source of minerals to the grazing animal. Agronomic characteristics Chicory is renowned for its high quality, digestibility and mineral content hence why it is popular for all stock classes and preferred by them. Growth predominately occurs in...
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... The expenses that Old Mule Farms incurred are veterinary bills, labor, nutritional supplements and minerals, and a variety of forage. The forage is primarily grazed grasses but is supplemented with hay. The owners of the farm have found a correlation between the weight of a cow, and the cost of feeding it, in conjunction with the weight of a calf. The problem that they currently face is three fold. First, what is the proper size of a cow for their herd? Second, what is the best approach to use in measuring a proper size: weaning a calf that is 50% of the mother’s size, or comparing the value of a calf to the cost of maintaining a cow? Last, what are the primary cost drivers in the calf-cow operation, and is the revenue-expense calculation currently in use clear regarding the cost drivers? Based on Old Mill Farms research, a cow above or below 1200 lbs. has a lower weaning calf weight than a cow that is 1200 lbs. The optimum weaning calf weight is when a cow is 1200 lbs.. To answer the first question Old Mule farms has, the proper cow size should be 1200 lbs. to produce the optimum calf size. Research that the owners found indicates that the heavier a cow is, the more a cow consumes in dry matter, supplements, and minerals. Specifically, for each 100 lbs. of additional weight a cow has, a cow will consume an additional 547.5 lbs. of dry forage, 13.56 lbs. of supplements, and 7.29 lbs. of minerals each year. All of this indicates the weight...
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...Firstly, a population is all the individuals of a particular species in a particular habitat at a particular time. The statement is referring to the change in population due to factors which can be categorised into the following: • Biotic factors –living components of an ecosystem • Abiotic factors-non-living components of an ecosystem e.g. rainfall Giving example, I will describe the effects biotic and abiotic factors will have on the dynamic equilibrium of populations. As previously defined, abiotic factors are non-living components of an ecosystem, which include temperature. For instance, the reproduction of the Leather back turtle is affected by rising temperature of the beach sand, in which it lays its eggs. This increase in temperature causes dramatic imbalances in the sex ratios of hatchlings. This will affect the dynamic equilibrium of the population as the imbalance in sex ratio could cause birth rate to decline, as individuals are unable to find a mate due to the imbalance. Another abiotic factor is PH of soil or water. For instance, clownfish are greatly affected by a decrease in PH in ocean water (oceanic acidification). This change in PH affects their sense of smell thus impede their ability to search for the sea anemones in which they live and depend for protection from predators. This will likely lead to an increase of death rate as clownfish will be unable to find a suitable habitat and unable to hide safely from predators. Therefore showing that the PH of...
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