...Force Diatra Farasha In physics, a force is any influence that causes an object to undergo a certain change, either concerning its movement, direction, or geometrical construction. It is measured with the SI unit of newtons and represented by the symbol F. In other words, a force is that which can cause an object with mass to change its velocity (which includes to begin moving from a state of rest), i.e., to accelerate, or which can cause a flexible object to deform. Force can also be described by intuitive concepts such as a push or pull. A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity. The original form of Newton's second law states that the net force acting upon an object is equal to the rate at which its momentum changes. This law is further given to mean that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object, is in the direction of the net force, and is inversely proportional the mass of the object. As a formula, this is expressed as: Related concepts to force include: thrust, which increases the velocity of an object; drag, which decreases the velocity of an object; and torque which produces changes in rotational speed of an object. Forces which do not act uniformly on all parts of a body will also cause mechanical stresses, a technical term for influences which cause deformation of matter. While mechanical stress can remain embedded in a solid object, gradually deforming it, mechanical stress in a fluid...
Words: 1107 - Pages: 5
...Force & Motion The First Law: Force and Inertia Object remains at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by unbalanced force. Object in motion will continue at constant speed and motion unless acted upon by unbalanced force. Force is an action that can change motion. A force is what we call a push or a pull, or any action that has the ability to change an object’s motion. Forces can be used to increase the speed of an object, decrease the speed of an object, or change the direction in which an object is moving. Classification of Forces 1. Effects on motion- Balanced forces produce no motion or motion with constant velocity, while unbalanced force produce accelerated motion. 2. Line of Action- Parallel forces may go in the same direction or in opposite directions while Concurrent forces are those that meet at a point. 3. Relations to Work- Conservative forces are those that can do work and can stores energy. Non conservative are forces that can do work but cannot store energy. 4. Interaction of Bodies- Contact force when object is push by another & Distant force no contact between objects. Equilibrium 1. Stable- line passed through its center of gravity falls within the base. 2. Unstable- line dropped through the center of gravity does not fall with in the base. 3. Neutral- Does not change the center of gravity with slight tipping. Inertia is a term used to measure the ability of an object to resist a change in its state of...
Words: 552 - Pages: 3
...Santo Tomas Faculty of Engineering 1stSem SY 2015-2016 Experiment No. 7A & 7B Centripetal Force on a Pendulum and Centripetal Force Section: 2-3 Date Performed: October 22, 2015 Group No.: 4 Date Submitted: October 29, 2015 Leader: Kristopher Flores Members: YnakiDizon Raine Go Bryan Infante WilverInteria Instructor: Engr. Rose Ann Tamolang Objective To study and apply Newton’s 2nd law of motion and identify the forces involved in uniform circular motion. Discussion of Related Physics Concept An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. This law is often called "the law of inertia". This means that there is a natural tendency of objects to keep on doing what they're doing. All objects resist changes in their state of motion. In the absence of an unbalanced force, an object in motion will maintain this state of motion. According to Newton's second law acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object being accelerated) the greater the amount of force needed (to accelerate the object). Everyone unconsiously knows the Second Law. Everyone knows that heavier objects require more force to move the same distance as lighter objects. Newton's second law was used to analyze a variety of physical...
Words: 1291 - Pages: 6
...gravitational force of Earth. The gravitational force at the surface of the planet is the force that binds all bodies to earth. This force is one of the four forces recognized by physicists, and this kind of force, known as ‘gravity’, attracts every celestial object to earth. Though it is the most important of the forces essential for our lives, it is the least comprehended of them all. Throughout ages scientists have tried to solve the mystery of gravity. One of the first discoveries concerning gravity was made by Aristotle who concluded from his experiments that the downward movement of any body is that has weight had a proportional relationship between its quickness in motion and its size. This theory was accepted for centuries, but after a series of experiments made by Galileo, Aristotle’s theory was proved to be incorrect, as Galileo said after a series of experimenting at the Pisa tower that body of different sizes fall with the same speed. Later on, the idea that the force is needed so as to change the motion of the body was discovered. After that, a great scientist was to improve all the previously accepted theories, this scientist was Newton who was to make decisive advances in understanding gravity. In his first law, Newton said that a body in state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line will keep on moving unless acted upon by a force, while in his second theory, Newton expressed his first law in a more quantitative way as he said that force acting on a...
Words: 675 - Pages: 3
... EXPERIMENT NUMBER: #5 EXPERIMENT NAME: Composition of Force EQUIPMENT: Force Table, Pulleys, Thread, Slotted masses, and Hangers. OBJECTIVE: To resolve a vector in to its rectangular components and to find the sum of the three vectors using both graphical and trigonometric techniques. Also, to check the validity of the computations by experiment. THEORY: Using Graphical and trig metrical techniques we should be able to find the resultants for vectors. If the given θ we should be able to use Ax=cosθ or Ay=Asinθ to find the length of a vector. If given Ax and Ay the use A2=Ax2+Ay2 the Pythagorean thermo to find A. When adding vectors simply use Rx=Ax+Bx+Cx or Ry=Ay+By+Cy. In part A, given a force of 0.981 Newton’s at 30 degrees. Then set up this force on the force table. In part B, Given the three forces F1 = 0:490 N at 0 degrees, F2 = 0:736 N at 30 degrees, and F3 = 0:589 N at 135 degrees. Then set up these forces on the force table. In part C, Using the forces given in Part B, compute graphically the components of each of the forces. Compute the vector sum graphically by laying them out head to tail. In part D, Using the forces given in Part B, compute trigonometrically the x and y components of each force, and their sums and find the resultant F. PROCEDURE: We set up a force of .981 Newton’s at 30 degrees on the force table. We then balanced the force using a piece of string and a hanger on the end of it. We then...
Words: 700 - Pages: 3
...Name Date Partners HOMEWORK FOR UNIT 5-1: FORCE AND MOTION 1. You are given ten identical springs. Describe how you would develop a scale of force (ie., a means of producing repeatable forces of a variety of sizes) using these springs. Decide on an extension length of the spring for which one spring extended by this length exerts one unit of force on the object to which it is attached. Two springs both connected to the object, pulling in parallel and both extended by this length would exert two units of force and so forth up to 10 units of force for 10 springs, extended by the standard length, all connected to the object and all pulling in the same direction. 2. Describe how you would use a force probe and the springs in (1) to develop a quantitative scale of force. Connect the springs to the hook on the force probe. Use these springs to calibrate the probe. One spring stretched to the predetermined length would correspond to 1 unit during the calibration procedure, 5 springs, in parallel pulled o the standard length would be entered as 5 units. The force probe should then be calibrated quantitatively to measure any force within its range in terms of the spring units. 3. What is meant by a proportional relationship? Is this the same as a linear relationship? Explain. “proportional” means that the dependent variable is a constant multiple, either positive or negative, of the independent variable. “Linear”means that the dependent variable is a...
Words: 1044 - Pages: 5
...GENERAL PHYSICS I EXPERIMENT NO. 5 FORCE TABLE — ADDITION AND RESOLUTION OF VECTORS INTRODUCTION Forces add together as vectors. For example, if two or more forces act at a point, a single force may act as the equivalent of the combination of forces. The resultant R of the sum of two force vectors A and B is a single force which produces the same effect as the two forces, when these pass through a common point (see figure). The equilibrant E is a force equal and opposite to the resultant. A vector may be broken up into components. To find the components of a vector in a particular coordinate system, one must find the vectors aligned with each of the perpendicular axes of the coordinate system which give the original vector when added together. METHODS FOR ADDING VECTORS PARALLELOGRAM METHOD & POLYGON METHOD To add two vectors, A + B by the parallelogram method a parallelogram is drawn of which two adjacent sides have magnitude and direction of A and B respectively. The diagonal of the parallelogram then has the same magnitude and direction as the resultant, R. Thus A + B = R. An equivalent method which may be used to add more than two vectors is to draw the vectors to be added “head to tail” (head of A to tail of B, head of B to tail of C, etc.). An arrow connecting the tail of the initial vector to the head of the final vector describes the vector sum of the vectors added. This is sometimes called the polygon method. COMPONENT METHOD To add two dimensional vectors by the...
Words: 997 - Pages: 4
...P 251 Force Activity 1-1: Introduction to Force Procedure: 1. Place one end of a rubber band around the vertical rod on your table. 2. Stretch the rubber band to a length of 10cm beyond its unstretched length, L0. [pic] 3. Place two rubber bands around the rod and stretch them together a length of 10cm Question 1-1: How does the combined force of two rubber bands compare to the force of just one rubber band? 1. Repeat with 3, 4 5 rubber bands. Activity 1-2: Measuring Force with a Force Probe Open file L03A1-2a (Measuring Force.ds) Procedure: Note: The Force Probe is attached to a cart. 1. Zero the Force Probe. (With nothing attached to the Probe press "Start" on the control panel and observe the force. If it is not zero press the small button "TARE" on the side of the Sensor and confirm that the force measurement is now zero. If the Force Probe still registers a nonzero force contact your instructor.) 2. Measure the unstretched length of one rubber band and record here: Lo=________ 3. Place one end of the rubber band around the vertical rod on the stand. 4. Attach the Force Probe hook to the free end of the rubber band. See Figure 1A on the next page. [pic] Figure 1A 5. Click "Start" and pull the Force Probe horizontally to stretch the rubber band 10cm (10cm beyond the unstretched length). See Figure 1B below. [pic] Figure 1B 6. Select the statistics feature [pic] and determine the mean value of the force. Record the...
Words: 1090 - Pages: 5
...Lab Investigation Purpose: This lab will verify how the centripetal force on a rotating body is affected by the following variables: frequency, speed, mass, and radius of a rotating object. Available Materials: ● 2 rubber stoppers ● 28 steel washers ● reinforced ceramic tube ● 1.5 m of thread or string ● metre stick ● stop watch [pic] Lab Procedure: Remember that a proper scientific method requires identifying the following for each case of the investigation: → Independent Variable → Dependent Variable → Controlled Variables PART A - Centripetal Force vs Frequency 1. Set up apparatus as illustrated above. Measure 1.0 meter of string from the rubber stopper to the tube (held vertically) using the metre stick. Attach a piece of tape on the string about 1 cm below the bottom of the tube (see diagram pg. 152). This will act as a reference mark. 2. Place 12 washers on the end of the string (using the paper clip). 3. While holding the bottom stack of washers, whirl the rubber stopper in a horizontal circle above your head. Carefully adjust the speed of rotation until you feel very little tension on the string suspending the washers. Let go of the stack of washers and maintain the rotation rate so that the reference tape on the string remains stationary about 1 cm below the tube. Have a lab partner determine the time for 20 complete rotations. 4. Set...
Words: 831 - Pages: 4
...The Five Industry forces for verizon, just like any other company are: Bargaining Power of Buyers, Industry Competition, Bargaining power of Suppliers, Threats to new Entrants, Threats of Substitutes. For verizon, Industry Competition is the largest force that Verizon faces. AT&T is the largest competitor that Verizon faces. The typical customer profile for the two companies is similar, and AT&T claims the highest market share in the industry behind Verizon. The bargaining power of buyers is rather high is this industry. Because switching plans is so easy to do, Verizon has to respect that when it comes to where is prices its service. Though the customers can not bargain or make a deal, there is an unspoken, “I can go to another company at...
Words: 719 - Pages: 3
...AT&T Michael Porter: Five Forces: (1) The threat of the entry of new competitors: Low. Because new entries do have to invest lots of money to facilities so than they services can cover wide range in order to compete with the exited companies, there are several companies that can entry to this industry at ease. It is obviously that the threat of the new competitors is low. (2) The threat of substitute products or services: High. The customers may select fixed phone or online communication instead of using mobile phone service. Considering I-phone, with the new technology, it is possible that one day portable laptop can be as small as mobile phone. If at that time Wi-Fi is spread around the whole country and everyone can have access to Wi-Fi everywhere, customers can communicate with each other online. It could be but may take a long time to be a big threat to the industry. (3) The threat of competitive rivalry: Moderate. In the United States, the majority market shares are occupied by four big companies and AT&T is one of them. Even though competition among the four companies is intensive, the whole market competition is not as munch intensive as other industries such as software industry in which there are more than thousands companies. (4) The bargaining power of customers: Low. There are only four major companies in a country with hundreds of millions population, and the mobile phone is indispensable for everyone. Considering the low demand with high need, the...
Words: 271 - Pages: 2
...Forces and Motion For Students of Baldwin Wallace College Spring Semester 2011 Monday – Wednesday 10:00 – 11:15 am Room 139 Wilker Faculty Richard Heckathorn The materials for this course were organized and edited by Richard Heckathorn using materials from a program called Operation Physics and includes materials developed by him. The original OPERATION PHYSICS activity sequence to improve physics teaching and learning in upper elementary and middle schools was funded by the National Science Foundation. Original Material Copyright 1992 by American Institute of Physics Materials edited and photoduplicated with permission. FORCES & MOTION INTRODUCTION WORKSHOP LEADER’S TOPIC INFORMATION INTRODUCTION TO FORCES & MOTION An understanding of force and motion is fundamental to the study of almost all other physics-related topics. Yet it is a topic often overlooked or only cursorily introduced in elementary and middle school science, even though it is a topic typically identified for inclusion in the curriculum for these grades. A primary reason for this is that many teachers do not feel comfortable about their own understanding of the topic. Consequently, this may be the most needed of all of the OPERATION PHYSICS workshops. This workshop leader’s notebook is divided into two parts: PART ONE Motion Part One begins by introducing participants to the concepts of space and time....
Words: 48127 - Pages: 193
...Johan Basson 2457167 CCMM 516 Assignment 1 QUESTION 1 1.1 Introduction Porter's competitive forces model utilises five legs or better known as competitive forces to determine the market position of a company or a certain line of business. These five legs will be briefly mentioned and discussed below and will then be applied on the NBA to determine its current position. 1.2 Entry barriers The first competitive force is the threat of new entrants, or also known as entry barriers, this analyses the market and then determines how easy it is for new businesses or companies to enter and thrive in the industry. The reason for this is that the more companies enter a market, the less market share each company will have in a business. This means that the market will become less profitable and less attractive. Things that influence the entry barriers include economic considerations like capital required and the economy and also in general legislation and rules and regulations limiting the entry into a certain market. 1.3 Threat of substitutes The second competitive force is the threat of substitute products or services. This means that if it is a product that is easily made or obtained and it has no registered patents over it, that it would easily be substituted by a similar or same product. It also refers to the uniqueness of a product and how easily a similar product or a different product with the same goal may be manufactured. If it is easily substituted it weakens the...
Words: 1456 - Pages: 6
...Rollercoasters are driven by different forces of gravity, inertia and centripetal. The physics used in a rollercoaster also involves friction, work, air resistance, and energy. It usually begins with a mechanical device i.e. motor and chain; they exert a force on the roller coaster car train to lift them to the top of the hill. From this point, gravity starts operating, and the duration of the ride undergo energy transformation. Pulling the rollercoasters uphill uses energy, this energy does not simply disappear. It is stored this energy just by being up in the air and the higher they have pulled the more energy they store. The stored energy will be used to race back down the hill when the ride begins. This is because they have the potential to use future energy that was stored in the past. The stored energy is called Potential energy. Once the cars are released and start rolling down the hill, the force of gravity makes them hurtle downwards when they round the brow of the first hill. As accelerate and pick up momentum, their potential energy turns into kinetic energy. The further they go downhill, the faster they go and more potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. When the ride starts, the cars have a certain amount of potential energy. They can never have more than this no matter how long the ride will last. Through the whole ride, potential and kinetic energy keep swapping back and forth that’s why rollercoaster cars always go slower in higher bits of the ride...
Words: 480 - Pages: 2
...Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis = Suppliers, Customers, New Entrants, Substitute Products, Competitors What is Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis? Porter’s 5 forces analysis represents the competitive environment of the firm. It is a strategic foresight to avoid putting the competitive edge at risk and ensure the profitability of products on a long term. For the company this vision is quite important because the firm is able to direct its innovations in terms of choice of strategies and investments. The profitability of businesses within the industrial structure depends on the following forces: Competitive rivalry within the industry; Threats of new entrants; Threats of substitutes products; Bargaining power of customers; Bargaining power of suppliers. Golden Rules 6th force = Often the model is adjusted with a 6th force, the public authorities. This is important because the law and the norms can influence each of Porter’s 5 forces. Key factors for success = The key success factors of the environment have to be identified. To have a competitive advantage some strategic elements should be controlled. Threats of new entrants Public Authorities Bargaining power of suppliers Competitive rivalry within the industry Bargaining power of customers Threats of substitute products © Copyright 2008 LUXINNOVATION G.I.E., The National Agency for Innovation and Research in Luxembourg 1/2 Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis = Suppliers, Customers, New Entrants, Substitute Products...
Words: 594 - Pages: 3
