...Caterpillar has over 3 million machines in usage and it runs in three primary lines of business such as Machinery, Engines, and Financial Products. . Strategic Overview In order to remain to excellently grow the business and success against the competition, Caterpillar has implemented Vision 2020, an enterprise strategy that emphases on the Company’s customers, employees, and stockholders. Vision 2020 is built on Caterpillar’s strategic goals, operating principals, and core values. The three primary strategic goals of Vision 2020 are to produce superior financial results, be a global industry leader and have the greatest team. Involved in Vision 2020 are Caterpillar’s “Big 8” requirements for 2011 through 2015 which is focus on how Caterpillar will success and preserve and improve its leadership position. Over Vision 2020, Caterpillar expects to win by delivering valued, quality products, services and solutions to customers that deliver the lowest total owning and operating lifecycle costs. This value plan, enabled by incomparable customer support, generates the largest global field population, highest customer loyalty and attractive profitability through the business cycle. Competitive Environment Caterpillar operates in the Farm and Construction Machinery Industry. Though,...
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...27708-0088, USA E-mail: ggere@soc.duke.edu Abstract: This paper lays out the main features of the global automotive industry and identifies several important trends. A boom in developing country sales and production has not yet overshadowed the importance of existing markets in developed regions. Regional integration is very strong at an operational level, yet the industry has recently developed a set of global-scale value chain linkages, and retains national and local elements as well. The paper highlights how global, regional, national and local value chains are nested to create a pattern of global integration that is distinctive to the industry. We use global value chain analysis to help explain the limits of build-to-order in the industry, the role of regional and global suppliers, the shifting geography of production and how the characteristics of value chain linkages in the industry favour tight integration and regional production. We describe how industry concentration focuses power in the hands of a few large lead firms and discuss the implications of this for value chain governance and the geography of production. Keywords: globalisation; automotive industry;...
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...27708-0088, USA E-mail: ggere@soc.duke.edu Abstract: This paper lays out the main features of the global automotive industry and identifies several important trends. A boom in developing country sales and production has not yet overshadowed the importance of existing markets in developed regions. Regional integration is very strong at an operational level, yet the industry has recently developed a set of global-scale value chain linkages, and retains national and local elements as well. The paper highlights how global, regional, national and local value chains are nested to create a pattern of global integration that is distinctive to the industry. We use global value chain analysis to help explain the limits of build-to-order in the industry, the role of regional and global suppliers, the shifting geography of production and how the characteristics of value chain linkages in the industry favour tight integration and regional production. We describe how industry concentration focuses power in the hands of a few large lead firms and discuss the implications of this for value chain governance and the geography of production. Keywords: globalisation; automotive industry;...
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...an evaluation of BMW as a premium car manufacturer. The report then employed the use of PESTEL and Porters five forces to analyse the external car industry environment. The internal environment are analysed by use of value chain analysis. Bowman’s Strategy Clock is also explored in understanding the marketing strategy used by BMW Company. Finally, Resource/ competence framework has also been explored in understanding the key competencies and resource capabilities that has enabled the BMW to maintain market leadership position. In compiling this report, major sources of information used were journals, empirical literature and the internet. The findings of this report show that strategy has played a pivot point in BMW’s overall performance. Generally, the report shows that unstable political environment in the UK and the global market is greatly affecting the industry. Moreover, socio-cultural environment greatly affect the industry as consumers are becoming more environment conscious. This has especially reduced the sales volume of BMW. The UK government legal policies have also been addressed in the report. Advances in technology have also spurred competition in the industry thereby reducing the significance of branding. The report finds out that the value chain the most efficient model of analysing internal environment. Moreover, the industry is found to have reached its...
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...Exploring efficiency and effectiveness in the supply chain A conceptual analysis Benedikte Borgström Jönköping International Business School P.O. Box 1026, SE- 551 11 Jönköping Sweden bobe@jibs.hj.se Abstract Firms struggle for efficiency and effectiveness. Strategies involving collaboration between actors and integration of activity chains are reliant of factors that firms do not have direct ownership and control over. This has implications for strategizing, setting the goals and measuring performance. Efficiency and effectiveness are often used to describe performance. From a resource dependence perspective efficiency is defined as an internal standard of performance and effectiveness as an external standard of fit to various demands (Pfeffer and Salancik 1978). In supply chains efficiency improvements are e.g. Just-in Time production while effectiveness is achieved through customer orientation and innovation. The conceptualization of efficiency and effectiveness has its roots in system theory. Definition of the system is difficult for a quasi-organization as a supply chain that has blurred structural boundaries. Defining the system as processes of activities implies that the meaning of and the relation between efficiency and effectiveness might change as well. This is a conceptual paper with a purpose to describe and analyze efficiency and effectiveness as constructs based upon activity systems. The analysis of efficiency and effectiveness involves the meaning, the...
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...STRATEGIC MARKETING PLAN - JUST US COFFEE — Document Transcript 1. MG 511 StrategicMarketingCase Study:Marketing Planning at‘Just Us! Cafes’Lecturer: Ms. xDate: 20th Dec. 2010Name: Seánpaul WalshStudent No: X 2. Contents:1.0 External Analysis 3 1.1 Competitor Analysis 3 1.2 Specific Competitor: Kicking Horse Strategy 4 1.3 PEST 4 1.4 Porter’s 5 Forces 42.0 Internal Analysis 5 2.1 Value Chain Analysis 5 2.2 BCG Matrix 5 2.3 Revenue Analysis 6 2.4 Geographic Concentration 63.0 SWOT Analysis 74.0 Key Issues 75.0 Strategic Alternative (A) 76.0 Strategic Alternative (B) 87.0 Strategic Alternative (C) 98.0 Bibliography -9.0 Appendices - 2|P a ge 3. 1.0 External Analysis In order to develop effective strategies Just Us Café’s are required to examine the external environment in which they operate. I have carried out the following analyses: Competitor Analysis Pest Analysis Specific Competitor: Kicking Porter’s 5 Forces Horse 1.1 Competitor AnalysisCompetitor Channels Locations No. ShopsKicking Horse Coffee Shops, Gourmet West Coast, Canada N/A Stores, Restaurants Quebec & OntarioKraft Foods Stores, Universities United States MainstreamP&G Millstone Mainstream Canada & United States MainstreamNestle Mainstream Canada & United States MainstreamLowblaws Private Label Loblaws Stores Canada MainstreamJust Us! Coffee Shops, Universities, Nova Scotia, Quebec & 4 Coffee Shops & On The Gourmet Stores, Ontario Shelf SupermarketsTrident Bookseller & Cafe Coffee Shop Halifax, Nova Scotia...
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...1(d).Value Chain Analysis: A Way to profit improvement & cost Reduction Learning Objective 1. how to identify the value added activity 2. how to rectify the non –value added activity 3. application in profit planning & cost reduction INTRODUCTION Competitive advantage for a company means not just matching or surpassing their competitors, discovering what the customers want and then profitably satisfying, and even exceeding their expectations. As barriers to inter-regional and international trade are diminishing and as access to goods and services are growing, customers can locate after identification and «the best of what they want, at an acceptable price, wherever it is in the world. Under growing competition and, hence, rising customer expectations, a company's penalty for complacency becomes even greater. A strategic tool to measure the importance of the customer's perceived value is value chain analysis. By enabling companies to determine the strategic advantages and disadvantages of activities and value-creating processes in the market place, value chain analysis becomes essential for assessing competitive advantage. Value analysis or value engineering is one of the most widely used cost reduction techniques. It can be defined as a technique that yields value improvement. It investigates into the economic attributes of value. It attempts to reduce cost through ...
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...TITLE Value Chain Analysis for Assessing Competitive Advantage CREDITS This statement was approved for issuance as a Statement on Management Accounting by the Management Accounting Committee (MAC) of the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA). IMA appreciates the support of The Society of Management Accountants of Canada (SMAC) in helping create this SMA and extends appreciation to Joseph G. San Miguel, of the Naval Postgraduate School, who drafted the manuscript. Published by Institute of Management Accountants 10 Paragon Drive Montvale, NJ 07645-1760 www.imanet.org Special thanks are due to Randoif Holst, SMAC Manager, Management Accounting Guidelines, for his continuing project supervision and to the members of the focus group (including MAC members Dennis Daly and Thomas Huff) for contributing to the improvement of the final document. Copyright © 1996 Institute of Management Accountants All rights reserved Statements on Management Accounting PRACTICE OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING Value Chain Analysis for Assessing Competitive Advantage TABLE OF CONTENTS I. II. III. IV. Rationale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 The Value Chain Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Competitive Advantage and Customer Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 V. The Role of the Management Accountant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 VI. The Value Chain Approach...
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...100834533 | Year: | 1 | Course Code | MN2201K | Course Tutor: | Mr Ailson De Moraes Dr Endrit Kromidha | Assignment No.: | Individual Assignment | Degree Title: | Strategic Management | Question No. & Title: | 2.Using an extended example critically discuss the view that a ‘sector matrix’ gives a better strategic understanding of product markets than the concepts of ‘product’ or ‘commodity’ chains. | This essay will analysis the sector matrix and the chain concept to identify their comparative use and which has a better strategic understanding in the long-run of product market, such as the automobile market. And moreover, it will be begin with the definition and the benefits and limitation of these approaches. As mention, this paper will critic the three tools for analysing and prescribing remedies for improvement in the company performance; the sector matrix framework and the chain concept, Value chain and Global Commodities Chain.This approach will be explain through the seventh-largest auto maker in the automotive industry, Chrysler ( Vanne,2014). Value chain was introduced in 1985 by Michael Porter as a “basic useful tool for firms to achieve competitive advantage and enhancing it to sustain” ( Porter 1985 :26). It defines as a series of activities that builds and create business conceptualising the activities that is provides product and service to a customer (Ensign n.y.) and (Economictimes,2015) Its describe as analysing which focuses on the activities...
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...CSAC05 1/13/07 9:21 Page 123 5 Analyzing Resources and Capabilities Analysts have tended to define assets too narrowly, identifying only those that can be measured, such as plant and equipment. Yet the intangible assets, such as a particular technology, accumulated consumer information, brand name, reputation, and corporate culture, are invaluable to the firm’s competitive power. In fact, these invisible assets are often the only real source of competitive edge that can be sustained over time. —HIROYUKI ITAMI, MOBILIZING INVISIBLE ASSETS You’ve gotta do what you do well. —LUCINO NOTO, FORMER VICE CHAIRMAN, EXXON MOBIL OUTLINE l Introduction and Objectives l The Role of Resources and l Organizational Capabilities Classifying Capabilities The Architecture of Capability l Appraising Resources and Capabilities Establishing Competitive Advantage Sustaining Competitive Advantage Appropriating the Returns to Competitive Advantage l Putting Resource and Capability Capabilities in Strategy Formulation Basing Strategy on Resources and Capabilities Resources and Capabilities as Sources of Profit l The Resources of the Firm Tangible Resources Intangible Resources Human Resources Analysis to Work: A Practical Guide Step 1 Identify the Key Resources and Capabilities 123 CSAC05 1/13/07 9:21 Page 124 124 PART II THE TOOLS OF STRATEGY ANALYSIS Step 2 Appraising Resources and Capabilities Step 3 Developing Strategy Implications l Developing Resources and Capabilities...
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...ssing strategic alliances – both with traditional supply chain partners as well as with long-time competitors. As well, it has proved its worth at companies far removed from the relatively slow-clockspeed, manufacturing-intensive automotive industry. This paper describes the analysis process, the decision model, and the resulting improved process for value chain strategy at GMPT. The value analysis process emphasizes the need to balance quantitative financial considerations with less-easily quantifiable strategic issues. This model not only provided key decision support for value chain strategy, but also formed the foundation of a fast-response capability to emergent and disruptive strategic challenges. We describe why such a capability is of critical importance not only to companies such as General Motors, buy also to companies in very fast clockspeed industries such as on-line music and entertainment. Arvin Mueller, Group Vice-President of GM Powertrain from 1997 through 2001, comments on the Value Chain Strategy and its role in the strategic governance of GM’s global powertrain operations: Without a structured process for value chain strategy and formation, dealing with a rapidly changing business model in a huge, complex, and global industry provides only a hit-or-miss destiny. A systems approach to value chain strategy led to a partitioning of “Knowledge Assets” and “Supply Capabilities” within the vast business of engineering and manufacturing engines, transmissions...
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...A HANDBOOK FOR VALUE CHAIN RESEARCH Prepared for the IDRC by Raphael Kaplinsky and Mike Morris* We are grateful to colleagues in both our individual institutions and in the Spreading the Gains from Globalisation Network (particularly those participating in the Bellagio Workshop in September 2000) for discussions around many of the issues covered in this Handbook and also to Stephanie Barrientos, Jayne Smith and Justin Barnes. An Important Health Warning or A Guide for Using this Handbook Lest anyone feel overwhelmed by the depth of detail in this Handbook, especially with respect to the sections on methodology, we would like to emphasise at the outset: this Handbook is not meant to be used or read as a comprehensive step by step process that has to be followed in order to undertake a value chain analysis. We know of no value chain analysis that has comprehensively covered all the aspects dealt with in the following pages, and certainly not in the methodologically sequential Handbook set out below. Indeed to try and do so in this form would be methodologically overwhelming, and would certainly bore any reader of such an analysis to tears. Our intention in producing a Handbook on researching value chains is to try and comprehensively cover as many aspects of value chain analysis as possible so as to allow researchers to dip in and utilise what is relevant and where it is appropriate. It is not an attempt to restrict researchers within a methodological strait-jacket...
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...ECCO A/S – GLOBAL VALUE CHAIN MANAGEMENT | | Report submitted by:Abhas Mangal (GAPR11IT038) | | Contents Executive Summary 3 Company’s Profile 4 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES STRATEGIC ANALYSIS 5 Outcomes of Porter’s Five Forces 5 SWOT ANALYSIS 6 Evaluation of Alternatives 6 Recommended Strategy 7 Executive Summary ECCO, a global manufacturer and a supplier of shoe products, wants to expand into the Chinese market to increase its export to major markets and also increase product sales among Chinese consumers. But many Chinese manufacturers imitated the product design and features of ECCO increasing the intense competition for the company in the Chinese market. Also, ECCO for years has a sole focus on increasing the quality of the shoes manufactured by using its sophisticated in-house “direct injection” technology. But the company cannot only thrive on its quality unless the company’s efforts to ensure quality are not communicated to the consumers. Thus, the company focused less on marketing operations that is evident from its low marketing budgets as compared to its competitors. Also, the most of the products manufactured in four production facilities outside Denmark were distributed through its distribution centre in Tonder, Denmark where only six to nine percent of total production was actually sold. Thus, ECCO became inefficient to fulfil the replenishment orders that had to be delivered within a few days notice. Thus, the main challenge for ECCO is to...
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...The Value Chain Analysis – Support activities and Value Chain System The Value Chain System The firm's value chain links to the value chains of upstream suppliers and downstream buyers. The result is a larger stream of activities known as the value system. The development of a competitive advantage depends not only on the firm-specific value chain, but also on the value system of which the firm is a part. A firm's value chain is part of a larger system that includes the value chains of upstream suppliers and downstream channels and customers. Porter calls this series of value chains the value system, shown conceptually below: The Value System ... | > | Supplier Value Chain | > | Firm Value Chain | > | Channel Value Chain | > | Buyer Value Chain | Linkages exist not only in a firm's value chain, but also between value chains. While a firm exhibiting a high degree of vertical integration is poised to better coordinate upstream and downstream activities, a firm having a lesser degree of vertical integration nonetheless can forge agreements with suppliers and channel partners to achieve better coordination. For example, an auto manufacturer may have its suppliers set up facilities in close proximity in order to minimize transport costs and reduce parts inventories. Clearly, a firm's success in developing and sustaining a competitive advantage depends not only on its own value chain, but on its ability to manage the value system of which it is a...
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...components of strategy analysis: firms goals and values, resources and capabilities, structure and management systems and industry environment - Measurement of profitability, Profit most useful measure of firm performance (maximization of profit) - Tools of Financial analysis - Shareholders and stakeholders - Value: - Commerce is creating value - Firm have to know what profit is and how to measure it - Economic profit more reliable measure as accounting profit - Measure of e.p. is EVA, economic value added - Firm must maximize the future net cash flow to maximize its value and mimimize cost of capital - C.f. forecasts are very difficult,estimate future c.f. need make assumption - Important for value maximization is the consistency Real options theory - Two types: growth and flexibility options - Strategic alliances and joint ventures, investment in core products Putting performance analysis into practice - Need to asses current situation - Identify current strategy - Identify sources of unsatisfactory performance - Balanced scorecards -> balancing financial and strategic goals Profits and purpose - Companies that are more focused on making profit are often unsuccessful at achieving their goals - “Profits are important for existence of a company but not the reason for its existence” - Important is to have a dream, to have a joy of creating things - To have a vision for the future and a core ideology (values and principles) are both important for a powerful...
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