...Globalization? 56 Threats to National Sovereignty 56 Economic Growth and Environmental Stress 57 Growing Income Inequality 57 s | Point ^J3ffi^S^^3 ' Offshoring Good Strategy? 58 Why Companies Engage in InternationaLBusiness Expanding Sales 60 , Acquiring Resources 60 Minimizing Risk 60 60 Modes of Operations in International Business Merchandise Exports and Imports 62 Service Exports and Imports 62 Investments 63 Types of International Organizations 63 Why International Business Differs from Domestic Business 64 Physical and Social Factors 65 The Competitive Environment 67 Looking to the Future: 61 Three Ways of Looking at Globalization 68 C A S E : Carnival Cruise Lines: Exploiting a Sea of Global Opportunity 69 74 Summary Key Terms 75 Endnotes 75 An Atlas 78 Map Index 86 Contents • 2 PART TWO COMPARATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL FRAMEWORKS 90 91 90 The Cultural Environments Facing Business 94 95 C A S E : The Java Lounge—Adjusting to Saudi Arabian Culture Introduction The People Factor Cultural Awareness 96 97 A Little Learning Goes a Long Way The Nation as a Point of Reference How Cultures Form and Change The Idea of a "Nation": Delineating Cultures 98 99 98 Language as Both a Diffuser and Stabilizer of Culture 100 103 Does...
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...Prof. Dr. Streitferdt International Financial Management Winter semester 2015/16 1. Prologue 1. Prologue 2. Foreign exchange markets 3. Foreign exchange exposure management 4. Financial management of multinational corporations 5. Financial management of multinational corporations 6. Corporate Governance 7. Mergers & Acquisitions 8. Risikomanagement Prof. Dr. Streitferdt: International Financial Management 1 1. Prologue Discounting Calculating present value 0 t=1 t=2 t=3 2,000 t=0 4,500 3,000 t=4 t=5 3,500 6,000 How much would you be willing to pay for this stream of future cash flows, if the interest is at i = 5.65%? Why is the result today’s value of the future cash flows? What are the assumptions of this calculation? Prof. Dr. Streitferdt: International Financial Management 2 1. Prologue Discounting Calculating present value 10/28 10/14 6,000 0 How much would you be willing to pay for this stream of future cash flows, if the two week Euribor is at i = 5.65%? What makes this calculation different from the last slide’s calculation? How many days has a year? Prof. Dr. Streitferdt: International Financial Management 3 1. Prologue Discounting Interests for investments with less than one year maturity Interests are always quoted for one year: A company has in 2012 an overdraft credit of 100,000 €...
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...Globalization of Markets 6 The Globalization of Production 7 The Emergence of Global Institutions 9 Drivers of Globalization 11 Declining Trade and Investmen t Barriers 11 The Role of Technological Change 14 The Changing Demographics of the Global Economy 16 The Changing World Output and World Trade Picture 16 The Changing Foreign Direct Investment Picture 18 The Changing Nature of the Multinational Enterprise 19 The Changing World Order 22 The Global Economy of the Twenty-First Century 23 The Globalization Debate 24 Antiglobalization Protests 24 Globalization, Jobs, and Income 26 Globalization, Labor Policies, and the Environment 28 Globalization and,National Sovereignty 29 Globalization and the World's Poor 30 Managing in the Global Marketplace 31 Key Terms 33 Chapter Summary 33 Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions 34 Research Task 34 Closing Case: Legal Outsourcing 35 Introduction and Overview 2 Globalization 3 PART TWO Chapter Two Country Differences 36 National Differences in Political Economy 37 Opening Case: Ghana: An African Dynamo 37 Introduction 38 Political Systems 39 Collectivism and Individualism 39 Democracy and Totalitarianism 42 Economic Systems 44 Market Economy 44 Command Economy 45 Mixed Economy 45 Legal Systems 46 Different Legal Systems 46 Differences in Contract Law 47 Property Rights and Corruption 48 The Protection of Intellectual Property 51 Product Safety and Product Liability 53 Focus on Managerial Implications 54 Key Terms 55 Chapter Summary 55 Critical...
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... Problems of Exchange Control Exchange Control Currencies become inconvertible Foreign trade restricted Creates a multiple exchange rate system Creates Conditions for Bilateral Trade Agreements Foreign Exchange Rate Structure of Foreign Exchange Market Functions of Foreign Exchange Market (i) Transferring foreign currency from one country to another where it is needed in the settlement of payments; (ii) Providing short-term credit to the importers, and, thereby, facilitating smooth flow of goods and services between the countries; and (iii) Stabilizing the foreign exchange rate by spot and forward market; sale and purchase of foreign currencies. Kind of Foreign Exchange Market Spot Market: The spot market refers to that segment of the foreign exchange market in which Sale and purchase of foreign currency are settled within two days of the deal. The spot sale and Purchase of foreign exchange make the spot market. The rate at which foreign currency is bought and sold in the spot market is called spot exchange rate Forward Market: The forward exchange market refers to the deals for sale and purchase of a foreign currency at some future date at a presettled exchange rate. When buyers and sellers enter an agreement to buy and sell a foreign currency after 90 days of the deal, it is called forward transaction Nature of Foreign Exchange Transactions • . The nature and purpose of foreign exchange transactions are such that the exchange rate fluctuates...
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...beyond domestic financial management. 2. Understand the international financial environment. 3. Examine exchange rate risk management. 4. Examine foreign investment analysis. 5. Understand options for financing foreign operations. 6. To introduce students to the ethical, global, political, social, legal and regulatory, demographic diversity, environmental, and technological issues as related to an introductory study of multinational corporate finance. ASSESSMENT OF OBJECTIVES: Accomplishment of objectives/learning outcomes will be assessed on the papers, problem sets, participation, article reviews, and summaries. FINAL GRADE: BASED UPON A PERCENTAGE OF THE POINTS YOU EARN FROM THE TOTAL POINTS POSSIBLE IN THIS COURSE. TOTAL POINTS POSSIBLE: ARTICLE REVIEWS (30 pts each) 120 CASE STUDIES 150 PARTICIPATION 40 PROBLEM SETS 50 FOREIGN EXCHANGE SUMMARY 40 400 PROBLEM SETS: Students may work in groups of three or four. The problems will come from questions at the end of the chapter. Randomly, people will be asked to present the problems on the due date and that presentation will be reflected in their participation grade. FOREIGN EXCHANGE SUMMARY: A three to four page summary of what happened in the foreign exchange markets over the previous five weeks. Five people will be selected to present their summary to the class and that presentation will...
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...Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 CHAPTER 1: COMPANY PROFILE 3 CHAPTER 2: ASSESSMENT OF COUNTRY FACTORS 5 Factors Affecting Balance of Trade between United States and Maldives 5 Import Controls in Maldives 7 CHAPTER 3: USING THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET 8 The Spot Market 8 Analysis of USD/MVR Cross Rate for the Last 1 Month, 3 Months and Last Year 9 CHAPTER 4: USE OF FORWARDS AND FUTURES MARKET 11 Analysis of Future Price Vs Spot Rate 12 CHAPTER 5: USING CURRENCY OPTIONS 13 CHAPTER 6: MONITORING CENTRAL BANK INTERVENTION 14 CHAPTER 7: ASSESSMENT OF SPOTS AND FORWARD RATES 16 CHAPTER 8: DETERMINING WHETHER IFE HOLDS 18 CHAPTER 9: MONITORING EXCHANGE RATE TRENDS 20 CHAPTER 10: EXPOSURES TO EXCHANGE RATE RISK 24 Analysis of the Foreign Exchange Exposures to Fashiona Jewelers 24 CHAPTER 11: FOREIGN EXCHANGE EXPOSURE HEDGING WITH FORWARD AND FUTURE CONTRACTS 26 CHAPTER 12: TRANSACTION AND ECONOMIC EXPOSURES IN THE CASE OF DOLLAR DENOMINATED RECEIVABLES 28 CHAPTER 13: SUMMARY 29 REFERENCES 30 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Fashiona Jewelers Limited will operate as multinational operating in the United States and Maldives. The company will trade in jewellery which will be purchased in USA and sold in USA and Maldives. Currently, there exist no trade barriers restricting trade between USA and Maldives and jewellery is an import into the country. There is also continued demand for jewellery in Maldives which is driven by increasing number of tourists arriving...
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...Executive Summary: Agrani Bank Limited (ABL) is established in 1972. It is a state owned bank. It is formed by the composition of ex-Habib Bank ltd and ex-Commerce Bank ltd. There are six section of ABL (Senpara branch) in GB- Cash, computer, account opening, clearing, Accounts and local remittance. The report indicates depth ratio analysis and financial performance of the year 2009, 2008, 2007 of Agrani Bank Limited. Here also calculate financial ratios like Liquidity, Asset Management, debt Management, Profitability, Market Value. Calculate these ratios for strong analysis and try to give a current and essential recommendation. Chapter -1 Introduction Background of the study: Agrani Bank Limited (ABL) is established in 1972. It is a state owned bank. It is formed by the composition of ex-Habib Bank ltd and ex-Commerce Bank ltd. Agrani Bank Limited is a Bank with an Authorized Capital and Paid-up Capital of Tk.800.00 million and Tk.248.00 million respectively. The total equity of the bank stands at 725.00 million as of December, 2010. The total profit of last year is about Tk.680.00 million . There are about 867 branches in which 10 branches are corporate. There are about 341 town branches and 526 rural branches. The board of directors is consisted of 11 members. The Chairmen and Directors are nominated by government. There are six section of ABL (senpara branch) – Cash, computer, account opening, clearing, Accounts and local remittance. Cash section receive...
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...SUMMARY OF CARREFOUR Carrefour S.A. was Europe’s largest retailer. In the past, Carrefour management had generally financed company growth through securities denominated in the currency of business operation. Carrefour considers borrowing in British pounds sterling in order to take advantage of a borrowing opportunity in that currency. With a debt-financing requirement of EUR750 million, the bond issue would be one of Carrefour’s largest. It altered the world of retailing with the introduction of the “hypermarket”. This format combined a supermarket, drugstore, discount store, and gas station into one massive, one-stop-shopping megastore. The company expanded rapidly in France and beyond. Carrefour was profitable in all major operation regions. The company generated 5% of operating profits from Asia, 2% from Latin America and 26% from Europe outside France, with the remainder of profit coming from French operations. The company would increase sales by 5% on constant exchange rates and increase recurring net income by 10-15% Carrefour’s Financing Policy operated primarily within the local economy when buying and selling product In 2001, Carrefour borrowing were EUR 13.5 billion, of which EUR6.4 billion were in publicly traded bonds. Foreign-currency borrowing was generally hedged so that total debt requirements were currently 97% in EUROS. Carrefour’s current market opportunities considered the bond-denomination decision, It also considered...
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...P. ASSIGNMENT: GUIDELINES FOR THE FX MARKET ANALYSIS & TRADING STRATEGIES REPORT Foreign Exchange Treasury Dealing Report Task You are a foreign exchange dealing team working for a large Vietnamese bank. Your team trades major Asian and world currencies (VND, AUD, SGD, JPY, USD, EURO, GBP and HKD) and has been asked by your senior manager to provide him with a report on the following: 1. An outline and explanation of the behaviour of the at least two currency pair (e.g. VND/USD, VND/EURO, and VND/AUD, USD/JPY, USD/EUR, etc.) over the past two years. 2. An outline and explanation of your market view concerning the behaviour of these exchange rates over the next three to six months. 3. An outline and explanation of what foreign exchange trading strategies you will undertake, to achieve maximum profits for your bank, as a consequence of your market view outlined in part 2. (You should include the bank’s role both as a price maker and as a possible speculator). 4. An outline and explanation of what risks and obstacles you might encounter in attempting to implement your strategies. Note that you should not use derivatives product only currency spot. CONTENT OF THE REPORTS The following structure and guidelines are provided to assist you in writing your reports. Executive summary or synopsis Your report must include an executive summary or synopsis. Introduction What is the name of your organisation? What is the objective of the report? What are the pairs of currency your team...
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...relationships and transactions among firms, foreign exchange rate determination and forecasting, foreign exchange risk and exposure, balance of payment accounting, and evolution of the international monetary system. Analyzes special topics such as working capital management strategies, capital budgeting, cost of capital, and optimal capital structure in the context of international operations. INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS Required Resources Madura, J. (2012). International financial management (11th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Supplemental Resources Al Nasser, O.M. (2010). How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth? The role of local conditions. Latin American Business Review 11, 111-139. Kornecki, L. & E. M. Ekanayake. (2011). Inward FDI stock in the U.S. economy and state based determinants. Advances in Management, 4(6), 13-24. Ranjan, V. & Agrawal, G. (2011). FDI inflow determinants in BRIC countries: A panel data analysis. International Business Research, 4(4), 255-263. United Nations. (2011). Foreign Direct Investments in LDCs: Lessons learned from the decade 20012010 and the way forward. United National Conference on Trade and Development. COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Compare multinational financial management to domestic financial management. 2. Apply the key trade theories and methods, and analyze the factors that influence trade and capital flows. 3. Evaluate the major international financial markets to determine effective methods for financing...
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...Week 2 The Foreign Exchange Market (Chapter 7) Chapter 7 Outline A. Foreign Exchange Market B. Spot Market C. Forward Market Chapter 7: The Foreign Exchange Market 1 Foreign Exchange (FX) Market Foreign exchange market allows one currency to be bought/sold for another currency ie. permits transfers of purchasing power denominated in one currency to another. Interbank market – wholesale market in which major banks trade with one another. Accounts for ~95% of foreign exchange transactions (Retail mkt . ~ 5%) Spot market – where currencies are traded for immediate delivery Forward market – where contracts are made to buy or sell currencies for future delivery Swap transactions – involve a package of a spot and a forward contract 35% 53% 12% Spot Transactions Forward Transactions Swap Transactions Chapter 7: The Foreign Exchange Market 2 Trading in Foreign Exchange Markets OTC Exchange Traded Spot exchange market: – settlement is T+2 Currency futures market: – standardised contracts for delivery at a future date Forward exchange market: – settlement is >T+2 Currency options markets: – standardised contracts giving the right to buy or sell Swap market Chapter 7: The Foreign Exchange Market 25731 International Finance 3 BIS Triennial survey Last survey was in April 2010 (next one will be conducted in April 2013) Summary findings: Global FX market turnover increased from $3.3 to...
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...Table of Contents Introduction 2 Factors affecting exchange rate 4 Is an appreciation good or bad? 8 Reasons for Currency Appreciation in Pakistan 8 Impact of Pak rupee appreciation on Economy of Pakistan 9 Impact on Sectors 13 Conclusion/ Recommendations 14 References 15 Introduction Exchange rate can be defined as rate at which one currency may be converted into another. The exchange rate is used when simply converting one currency to another (such as for the purposes of travel to another country), or for engaging in speculation or trading in the foreign exchange market. There are a wide variety of factors which influence the exchange rate, such as interest rates,inflation, and the state of politics and the economy in each country also called rate of exchange or foreign exchange rate or currency exchange rate. An increase in the value of one currency in terms of another. Currencies appreciate against each other for various reasons, including capital inflows and the state of a country's current account. Typically a forex trader trades a currency pair in the hopes of currency appreciation of the base currency against the counter currency. The dollar has depreciated significantly against the rupee. As this has been a highly noticeable and largely unexpected event, it has raised a plethora of questions in the minds of citizens, and conspiracy theories have done the rounds. Yet dollar depreciation against the rupee is not as mysterious...
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...University of Puget Sound School of Business and Leadership BUS 435 International Finance Professor Alva Wright Butcher Tues & Thurs 12:30-13:50 McIntyre 107 Spring Semester 2013 Office: McIntyre 111 I Office Hours: Phone: 253-879-3349 Tues and Thurs 2:00-3:00 FAX: 253-879-3156 Wed 9:30-10:30 And by appointment Note that I am always willing to schedule additional office hours by appointment. I check email frequently, so that is also a good way to communicate. If I do not respond to your email message, that means I did not receive it. Please send it again. Email: butcher@ups.edu Required Course Materials Text: Madura, International Financial Management, Abridged 10th Edition, South-Western, 2011 Book: Lewis Michael, Boomerang: Travels in the New Third World, Norton, 2011 Calculator: A calculator is required. A financial calculator would be preferable, as it would have functions for bond valuation, net present valuation (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), present value (PV), and future value (FV). A suitable calculator, the HP10-B, is available in the bookstore for about $30. Harvard Business School Cases https://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cbmp/access/17920074 The above is the URL for Harvard Business School so that you can obtain discounted student pricing for the cases: Group Ariel S.S.: Parity Conditions and Cross-Border...
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...Centralized vs. Decentralized Theory of Comparative Adv: country specialized Imperfect Market: factors of production are immobile Product Cycle: Home > Export > Sub > Ownership Balance of Payment: Summary of transact between domestic and foreign over certain time. Current Account: Payment of merch. Services, factor income interest/div, transfer of payment, aids grants gifts. Capital Account: DFI, Port inv, EO reserve. Increase trade volume: NAFTA, Single EU act Outsourcing: subcontracting to 3rd pt Balance of Trade / Trade Deficit, factors: Cost of labor, inflation, national income, Gov. Policy, Exchange rate. Dumping: gov helps firm export. Inter company trades: sub purchase. J curve: trade deficit increase shorter, between weak $ and increase demand IMF: promote stability, promote coop between countries. CFF comp. finance facility. Special drawing rights Foreign exchange, fixed, float. Spot market, spot rate. Interbank market: trade between market. Bid/ask spread of banks bid = buy, ASK > BID, (ask – bid) /ask Direct # of $ per currency / indirect. Indirect = 1/direct Cross exchange rate: peso in C$ = peso / C$ Forward MNC over counter/ Future Exchange / Call option right to buy at (strike / exercise price) Currency put / call option: right to sell currency at a specific price and time Risk of international bonds: credit, interest rate, exchange rate, liquidity value to decline at the time of sale Change in currency value = S-(S...
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...The Global Capital Market Learning objectives • Articulate the benefits of the global capital market. • Understand why the global capital market has grown so rapidly over the last quarter century. • Be familiar with the risks associated with the globalization of capital markets. • Appreciate the risks and benefits associated with the Eurocurrency market, the global bond market, and the global equity markets. • Understand how foreign exchange risk impacts upon the cost of capital. This chapter discusses the form and function of the global capital market. The market is attractive because its size lowers the cost of capital for borrowers, and allows investors to diversify their portfolios, thereby reducing their risk. Advances in information technology, and the deregulation of financial services and the relaxation of regulations on cross-border capital flows have contributed to the growth of the global capital market. The chapter then goes on to explore the Eurocurrency market, the global bond market, and the international equities market. The opening case describes how ICBC, China’s largest bank, raised $21 billion in the international equities market. The closing case examines how China Mobile raised capital in international markets through a stock offering and a bond issue. OUTLINE OF CHAPTER 11: THE GLOBAL CAPITAL MARKET Opening Case: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Introduction ...
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