...48 Foreign-Market Entry Strategies in the European Union Kyle Stiegert, Archie Amir Ardalan, and Thomas Marsh This study utilized intra-firm, socio-cultural, geographical-proximity, and political-stability variables to explain bimodal foreign direct investment (FDI) patterns by agri-food and beverage multinational companies into and within the European Union. A logit framework incorporated a unique-count database of firm-level investment patterns from 1987–1998. The results showed the 1992 structural changes under the Maastricht Treaty increased the probability of wholly owned FDI modes such as greenfields and buyouts. The model also found that past modal strategies of firms, language barriers, and exchange-rate volatility all correctly explained modal investment patterns. The results provide important contributions toward understanding modal investment strategies including the role of macroeconomic changes within a custom union. A popular way for a firm to secure a business presence in a foreign nation is through foreign direct investment (FDI) in production, marketing, and/or distribution facilities. Formally defined, FDI is an investment in which a multinational enterprise (MNE) acquires a substantial controlling interest in a foreign firm or in some other manner establishes fixed assets on foreign soil. Prior to 1970, multinational operations were often characterized as an exclusively American institution (Erdilek 1985). However, during the 1970s the U.S. shifted from...
Words: 7034 - Pages: 29
...Technology Mara Malaysia, Shah Alam, 15-17 June 2009, Volume 2, pp. 128-137 Entry Mode Strategies of Malaysian Service Firms: A Resource-Based Approach Mohammadreza Asgari*, Mohd Nazari Ismail**, Syed Zamberi Ahmad*** Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur ABSTRACT The rapid progress in services has attracted scholars to study the behaviour and decisions of service firms. Firms from Malaysia, as a developing country, with a fast growing economy that increasingly relies on services have shown a remarkable expansion into foreign markets, which has resulted in high foreign direct investment (FDI) outward inflows and increasing exports of services. This paper utilizes the resource-based theory, in which the main determinants of the choice of entry mode are organizational variables compared to environmental factors, to explain the choice of entry strategies made by Malaysian service firms and the motives for it. This study aims to develop a framework for the choice of entry mode strategies that has fewer shortages than others, analyze the determinants of entry mode strategy in order to find the similarities and differences existing between firms in the decision-making process for the choice of entry mode, and consider the role of psychic distance in adopting an appropriate strategy in different markets. Suggestions for future research are also presented. Keywords: Entry mode strategy, developing country, Malaysia, service industries, multinational corporations...
Words: 4805 - Pages: 20
...Adidas in Australia Adidas is a foreign company that is targeting Australia as a market destination for its sports products especial shoes and sporting attires. However, the prevailing conditions in Australia are very different from those of Germany where Adidas is based. The difference is in terms of societal, political, and economical factors. Therefore, before the organization considers venturing in Australia, it is imperative that the company considers foreign market entry strategies. Since the company specializes in sports attire, it is only considerate that the sports culture of Australia as a foreign market to the company is studied well. In addition, company should consider both political and economical factors of the Australian society. Successful businesses are premised on sound politics and economic environments of countries where they are located. The favorable the politico-economical factors of a country the success of a business and the contrary apply. However, potential alliances are also important for foreign markets and are also part of entry strategy (Walter & Murray, 1988). The above factors affect and are important to the entry into foreign markets. For instance, political and economical factors play key roles in the foreign markets entry through factors that influence them. Licensing, which informs the key option for entry into an international market like in the case of Adidas, is influenced by both economic and political factors. For instance, licenses...
Words: 1249 - Pages: 5
...Market entry strategy A market entry strategy is the planned method of delivering goods or services to a target market and distributing them there. When importing or exporting services, it refers to establishing and managing contracts in a foreign country. Contents Factors Many companies successfully operate in a niche market without ever expanding into new markets. Some businesses achieve increased sales, brand awareness and business stability by entering a new market[who?]. Developing a market entry strategy involves a thorough analysis of potential competitors and possible customers[who?]. Some of the relevant factors that are important in deciding the viability of entry into a particular market include Trade barriers, localized knowledge, price localization, Competition, and export subsidies. Timing of the market entry "What countries to enter and when mainly depends on the financial resources of a company, the product life-cycle and the product itself." [1] The different strategies available are: * Waterfall model * Wave strategy * Sprinkler strategy Strategies[edit source | editbeta] Some of the most common market entry strategies are: directly exporting products, indirect exporting using a middleman, and producing products in the target market.[2] But also: * Licensing * Greenfield project * Franchising * Alliances * Exporting * Turnkey project * Joint ventures * Wholly owned subsidiaries Market entry and trade risks[edit...
Words: 349 - Pages: 2
...report on Modes of Entry into Foreign Markets. Sir, It’s been pleasure for me to submit my report on “Modes of Entry into Foreign Market”. This report contains the structure and material as instructed by you. I have tried hard to do my best and fulfill your expectation. The assigned work and the information gathering process involved with it gave me access to the areas, which I didn’t know before. However it is needless to say that, there may be some mistake in my organization, presentation and style. In completing the report I have tried my best in imparting ever available details of the, “Modes of Entry into Foreign Market” avoiding unnecessary amplification of the report. Thanking you, Yours faithfully Md.RazibulMatin ID. No: 801414091 EMBA Program Department of International Business University Of Dhaka. Table of Content SL NO. | TOPIC NAME | PAGE NO | | Letter of Transmittal | 1 | | Executive summary | 3-4 | Chapter-1 | Introduction | | 1.1 | Problem of Modes of Foreign Markets Entry | 5-6 | 1.2 | Rationale for Modes of Foreign Markets Entry | 6 | 1.3 | Scope and Objectives of the study | 6-7 | 1.4 | Methodology of the Study | 7 | 1.5 | Limitation of The Study | 7 | Chapter-2 | Literature Review | 8 | Chapter-3 | Modes of Entry into Foreign Market | | 3.1 | Market entry strategy | 9 | 3.2 | Market Entry Modes | 10 | 3.2.1-3.2.7 | Different Markets Entry Modes | 11-16...
Words: 7614 - Pages: 31
...The Strategic Decision of Foreign Market Entry by Service Firms Name Institution Table of Contents Abstract 4 Chapter One: Introduction 5 Research Question 9 CHAPTER 2 – Literature review 10 Literature review 10 Definition of Terms 11 Motives for Foreign Market Entry 11 External Forces 11 Internal Forces 13 Entry Modes 16 CHAPTER 3 – Methodology 17 The Research approach and hypothesis 18 Sampling 19 Procedure 21 Focus groups 21 Interviews 22 Analysis plan 22 Validity and reliability 24 Assumptions 25 Scope and Limitations 27 Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations 32 References 36 Summary This research aims to study and clearly express why firms joins foreign markets. In addition, the paper also shows the whole process of entry. This is whereby firms have to make strategies before they join these foreign markets. The paper shows how firms can survive after they finally make this decision. To expound on this, it is of great importance that firms regularly explore and join foreign markets. This helps them with significant number of benefits, among them coping with stiff competition. In addition, firms gain more knowledge based on these strategies on the survival means in the new markets. This makes it important for firms to speculate on how to make entries to foreign markets. In addition, the paper expounds further on this whole procedure. Abstract This research paper aims to find out more about the operations of a service firm. This mostly...
Words: 11027 - Pages: 45
...The entry of foreign banks into emerging markets: an application of the eclectic theory Janek Uiboupin and Mart Sõrg University of Tartu Abstract In the current paper we discuss the applicability of the eclectic theory in explaining the entry of foreign banks into the Central and Eastern European (CEE) markets. We modify the Dunning’s eclectic model by adding the special case of financial liberalization and timing of foreign entry for emerging markets. In the empirical analysis we use a survey based study to analyze the entry process of foreign banks. Bank level data from Bankscope database is also used to analyze the financial advantages of foreign banks. The empirical analysis showed that the eclectic paradigm with modifications to ownership and location-specific advantages is applicable to explain the entry of foreign banks into transition markets. The analysis also indicated that the entry of foreign banks is more intensive during banking crises in the CEE countries. 1. Introduction The internationalization process of firms has been intensively studied since the 1960s. Due to the increase in international capital flows, foreign direct investments and international trade at that time, active development of international banking also began. In the transition countries, international banks have operated only since the beginning of the 1990s, after a significant liberalization of the financial market and elimination of entry barriers. At present foreign banks1 already have more...
Words: 5511 - Pages: 23
...A Report on Foreign Market Entry Strategy: The case of Crimson Tide Plc Global Marketing Masters in Business Administration Word count excludes tables, figures, abstract, bibliography and appendix Glenworth M Joseph A4046741 Page i of 28 A Report on Foreign Market Entry Strategy: The case of Crimson Tide Plc Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................................... iii 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 1 Crimson Tide..................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.2 2 2.1 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 4 5 5.1 6 7 8 8.1 9 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 10 11 12 Core business and performance ............................................................................................................ 1 History of the company.......................................................................................................................... 1 Target Market and Competitors ............................................................................................................ 1 Going Global.....................................................................................................
Words: 7532 - Pages: 31
...customisation-standardisation debate in international marketing strategy and how might this influence the market entry strategy adopted by a firm seeking to enter overseas markets? Use relevant and recent examples to illustrate your report. Your response should be in the form of a written report of between 1500 - 2000 words. Name: Jamie Allen Module: International Marketing Strategy Tutor: Paul Matthews Submission Date: 29th April 2013 Confidentiality: I have read, understand and adhere to the KOL Confidentiality Policy. Click here to access the KOL Confidentiality Policy. Academic Integrity Statement: I have read and understood the Academic Integrity guidelines for Kaplan Open Learning and the University Of Essex, and declare that this assignment conforms to all of the rules and regulations contained therein. Please note: the guidelines can be found in the Student Handbook (see section 6.4). Assignment Checklist Please make sure you have completed the below points before submitting your assignment: • Spelling and grammar check • Referencing completed • Word count fulfilled • Proof read completed • All parts of the question answered Introduction The purpose of this report is to discuss the relevance of customisation and standardisation within international marketing, and how that will have a bearing upon a market entry strategy by a firm who wishes to enter a foreign market. Firstly the definition of the customisation-standardisation...
Words: 2250 - Pages: 9
...EFFECTS ON ENTRY MODE DECISIONS OF MULTINATIONAL MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES: A QUALITATIVE STUDY IDENTIFYING ISSUES FOR FURTHER RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF COUNTRY CONDITIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON ENTRY MODE ALEX KOUZNETSOV, Melbourne Institute of Technology ASHELEY JONES, Melbourne Institute of Technology This study examines entry modes employed by foreign multinational manufacturing enterprises (MMEs) when entering Russia. This exploratory study focuses on country-specific conditions associated with the chosen entry mode - an important component in the consideration of overall entry strategy. Information from field studies representing 18 manufacturers – 10 directly manufacturing in Russia and 8 selling their products in Russia via representative/sales offices – was obtained by means of personal interviews with senior management in Moscow and constituted the primary qualitative data. Research questions are posed for further examination of conditions in Russia and the effects of such conditions on the entry mode decisions of MMEs. The study finds economic conditions to be the only important determinant of entry modes for large multinational manufacturing companies investing in Russia with other country factors playing no role in their choices. INTRODUCTION With the expansion of global business activity, the ability to analyze the key characteristics of potential host countries becomes increasingly important. The key to successful international market entry is an understanding...
Words: 6551 - Pages: 27
...Market Entry Mode Strategies – A study of Bangladesh Mobile Telecommunication Market for Foreign Companies Authors: Debashish Barua Examiner: Prof. Anders Pehrsson Marketing, Master Programme Tutor: Prof. Mosad Zineldin Mahmudur Rahman Chowdhury Subject: Master Thesis, 4FE02E Marketing, Master Programme Level and Semester: Master, Spring, 2014 i Acknowledgement We express our gratitude to those people who helped us a lot in conducting the research work successfully. Their cooperation helped us to write a good thesis paper. We are grateful to our tutor Prof. Mosad Zineldin and examiner Prof. Anders Pehrsson who have provided valuable critiques, encouraged and guided us to write the thesis paper in right direction. Moreover, we would like to thank the three mobile telecom companies which have provided valuable information in conducting the research work. Finally, we would like to thank to our family members and friends for their motivational support throughout the study. Linnaeus University, Växjö School of Business and Economics June 2014 Debashish Barua Mahmudur Rahman Chowdhury ii Abstract Title: Market Entry Mode Strategies – A study of Bangladesh Mobile Telecommunication Market for Foreign Companies. Background: Now-a-days, the forces of globalization derive firms to go to international market. When a firm thinks to expand its business outside of the home market, it needs to explore the form of operation through which it will enter into the foreign market. International...
Words: 21564 - Pages: 87
...INTO FOREIGN MARKETS. There are a variety of ways in which a company can enter a foreign market. No one market entry strategy works for all international markets. Direct exporting may be the most appropriate strategy in one market while in another you may need to set up a joint venture and in another you may well license your manufacturing. There will be a number of factors that will influence your choice of strategy, including, but not limited to, tariff rates, the degree of adaptation of your product required, marketing and transportation costs. While these factors may well increase your costs it is expected the increase in sales will offset these costs. The following strategies are the main entry options open to you. Exporting Direct exporting is selling directly into the market you have chosen using in the first instance you own resources. Many companies, once they have established a sales program turn to agents and/or distributors to represent them further in that market. Agents and distributors work closely with you in representing your interests. They become the face of your company and thus it is important that your choice of agents and distributors is handled in much the same way you would hire a key staff person. Licensing Licensing is a relatively sophisticated arrangement where a firm transfers the rights to the use of a product or service to another firm. It is a particularly useful strategy if the purchaser of the license has a relatively large market share...
Words: 935 - Pages: 4
...Tesco – The Entry Strategies Content * Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….2 * Background of Tesco…………………………………………………………….......3 * Entry strategies………………………………………………………………………....4 * How did Tesco enter Hungary? ......................................................5 * Tesco’s entry strategies ……………………………………………………….…....6 * Tesco’s failure…………………………………………………………………….…..….7 * Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………….…..8 * References…………………………………………………………………………………9 Introduction Tesco is a very famous supermarket and it has stores all around the world(Clark 2008). There are a lot of entry strategies for one country to enter its brand to another country, so it is sure that Tesco and entry strategies can be combined together. This essay focused on the entry strategies that Tesco used to enter Hungary more than enter other countries. This essay introduced to you a few popular entry strategies, and explained why Tesco chose a particular entry mode to enter a country among all the possible choices. It also introduced to you what kinds of strategies Tesco had used to enter Hungary. The entry strategies do not always work, it sometimes failed. This essay also discussed Tesco’s failure, and the reason why caused Tesco’s failure. In other words, this essay is about introducing the entry strategies of Tesco. To make Tesco’s entry strategies as the topic, the first thing to do is to know Tesco very well. There are so many questions about...
Words: 2319 - Pages: 10
...JBR Paper June 27, 1999 DIVERSIFICATION AND MARKET ENTRY CHOICES IN THE CONTEXT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT Ram Mudambi University of Reading and Case Western Reserve University Susan McDowell Mudambi John Carroll University Address for correspondence: Dr. Susan McDowell Mudambi Department of Management, Marketing and Logistics Boler School of Business John Carroll University University Heights OH 44118 Phone: FAX: Email: (216) 397-3094 (216) 397-1728 smudambi@jcu.edu DIVERSIFICATION AND MARKET ENTRY CHOICES IN THE CONTEXT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT Abstract Multinational enterprises consider many factors when making decisions in the context of foreign direct investment (FDI). In deciding what to produce, the multinational enterprise (MNE) must decide whether to diversify or to concentration on its main line of business. This paper offers insights into influences on this choice, and identifies a number of conditions under which diversification is more likely to be chosen. Factors affecting the foreign entry mode decision are also analyzed. The international business literature has generally treated these strategic choices as independent. This paper introduces a more realistic selection model, in which the diversification choice and the entry mode choice are made sequentially and are therefore related. The model is tested using a data set of FDI into the United Kingdom by MNEs in engineering and related industries. The analysis indicates a strong relationship...
Words: 7829 - Pages: 32
...International Review of Business Research Papers Vol.3 No.1. March 2007, Pp.183 - 196 Entry Modes For International Markets: Case Study Of Huawei, A Chinese Technology Enterprise Donglin Wu* and Fang Zhao** This case study analyses and discusses the internationalization process of Huawei, a leading telecommunication equipment manufacturer in China. Our research aims to explore the special features of the internationalization of Chinese hi-tech firms through a case study and to identify the factors that affect Chinese hi-tech firms’ international entry mode decision. In this paper, several foreign market entry modes were discussed. Issues of why and how to take into account the factors of industrial characteristics, environmental factors, firm factors, and moderators for internationalization and how to employ different entry modes in different host markets are discussed and illustrated based on this case study. It is found that industrial characteristics and home country’s technological reputation affect to a great extent the internationalization path of the hi-tech firm studied. The research also shows that in terms of hi-tech enterprises’ internationalization, the factors such as international experience and firm size are not as important to traditional manufacturers as to hi-tech enterprises. Field of Research: Management 1. Introduction After two decades’ development, many Chinese technology enterprises stride their first step in internationalization. Among them...
Words: 4938 - Pages: 20
