...Courtesies……………………………………………………………………..8 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………...9 References………………………………………………………………………………….10 Abstract Many business owners today have been making their way abroad in hopes to expand their production and keeping up with recent trends of globalization. The differed cultural aspects of a foreign country should be greatly considered when trying to build a strong professional relationship with business associates from the host country. Doing extensive research and understanding their different business cultures are the first step a company should take before taking a major leap in a foreign soil. Japan has recently been the country of choice for Western entrepreneurs to invest and expand their business ventures. The Japanese economy has become more diverse because of their size and structure of companies, producing a complex web of inter-locking relationships between small and large businesses. Trying to adapt to a new culture can pose many challenges however, learning the customs and traditions of Japan can ensure a smooth transition for both the American business owner and the host nation country. Cultural Aspects of Doing Business in Japan Doing business abroad seems to be the trend in today’s society as a means to keep current with...
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...settings on job performance, organizational commitment, stress, and turnover intentions, job satisfaction has received little attention in the literature on expatriates. This paper analyzes the predictors of job satisfaction that may arise in an expatriate context. Drawing on the cultural distance perspective, we propose that the national cultural distance, supervisor’s nationality, host-country language proficiency, expatriate type, and company nationality are important determinants of expatriate job satisfaction. Survey results from 148 expatriates in Japan demonstrate that national cultural distance, supervisor’s nationality, and expatriate type have a statistically significant influence on expatriate job satisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications are provided. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Article history: Accepted 25 October 2010 Keywords: Expatriates Job satisfaction Cultural distance Japan In an increasingly globalized world, an important component of international human resource management in multinational companies (MNCs) is the expatriation of employees to foreign countries. In line with this global trend, a stream of academic literature has evolved since the 1980s (Mendenhall & Oddou, 1985), making research on expatriates an important area of research in the international business...
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...Employment - Tourism provides jobs for thousands of host countries. If many of tourists visit other countries, a company which involved in tourism like resorts, hotel, transportation and etc. Economic profit - Many countries depend heavily upon travel expenditures by foreigners as a source of taxation and as a source of income for the enterprises. Therefore, the development of tourism is often a strategy to promote a particular region for the purpose of increasing commerce through exporting goods and services. Foreign exchange - Tourism also provides foreign exchange which allows the government to pay bills such as allows government to pay foreign debt and have money to do work and employees. Also foreign exchange allows for the easy importation of goods and food. Sharing other cultures - Through people going other countries which have another culture, cultural exchange can be promoted. The reason is that if you are going to famous place to tour, there are lots of people who are from several countries and you can hang out with them and you might experience their culture. Disadvantage Cultural destruction - Tourists who are from several countries visit other countries and they can spread their culture to host countries. It means that through modernization which is like world mono-culture, culture of host countries is freeze in part of language, religion, rituals material culture. Environmental destruction - Visiting other countries is not for only resting. Tourists are doing...
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...Tremain Jones Monday , April 20, 2015 The new immigration policy of the Bahamas What’s an immigrant? An Immigrant is a person who seek to find refuge into a country to which they are not native in order to settle there, especially as a permanent resident or future citizens. Citizenship is the key for freedom for some and a disadvantage for others. Citizenship in the Bahamas is becoming very difficult to get because of the illegal aliens entering the country. The government has set laws making it difficult for foreigners to have rightful citizenship because of the various common situation we’re facing today such as diseases the rise of crime rate and the increasing population by the day. for these reasons I do agree with the new immigration policy, In the Bahamas today we are facing various issues but, more of illegal immigrants coming into the country. The Immigration Department of the Bahamas has reinforce new laws. rules and regulations for the country's safety, As of last year 1st November 2014 the new policy was put in place by the immigration minister Fred Mitchell.uiy When entering the country illegally you must present a legal document such as a passport of your nationality or a Bahamian residency permit. The Immigration Act stipulates that anyone landing in the Bahamas illegally is guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine or imprisonment, after which they may be deported. But these days, those arrested during immigration roundups...
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...They both identified it as a way to understand how individuals feel when unaccustomed to a new environment or culture and how they cope successfully with it. However in much clearer research by(Murdoch & Kaciak,2011),it was defined as abandoning the guidance of normal social cues and finding oneself in unexplainable signs of denial of the host country and celebratory of the home country which they called “regression”.However, nothing about how an individual can adapt to the culture or environment and find a way to steer a way out of it was given. Culture Shock and Effects (Adler, 1975) from examining foreign students was able to note the fact that culture shock subjective symptoms differs from one person to another in terms of severity and span but still this research can be floored due to disparity in the methodology of this research.There are instances where sojourners lose all their former pre-existing signs of social normality and have to adapt to the new environment eventually causing anxiety and depression, for example smiling is seen in different countries as being friendly or happy but in most Asian countries smiling is viewed as a sign of weakness (Ferraro, 2006).However (Eschbach, 2001) stressed the effects on only stress and anxiety forgetting other symptoms such as apprehension, misery and a helpless feeling(Mio,1999).If conditions like this continue to accumulate, the psychological effect may continue to deepen in span, hereby restricting...
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...investment in Turkey has no effect on economic growth. 1. INTRODUCTION In simplest economic terms, investment is what makes the economy grow in terms of inputs of production, technology and other instruments causing the production process to occur. An in a globalized worlds of ours, the investment could be foreign or domestic whether the economy is not eligible to support their own, open to trade or highly geopolitical. Foreign investment may bring foreign currency, technology transfer, skilled labor etc. and all of those are crucial for a country to grow in both financial and real terms. In other words, in today’s world, for most of the countries, attracting and getting foreign direct investment is very important. There are economies that have almost 20-25% of their GDP’s as foreign investment. The types of this foreign investment may be direct, long term or short term. Direct investments include long term investments made by foreigners having more than 10% effect over the entity and not the financial derivatives or instruments. Direct investment has two parts called inflow and outflow. To exemplify, if a German company is buying the majority of the stakes of the Turkish household goods company; that will be an outflow for Germany and...
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...responsible for the well-being of its unified citizens, whereas the citizens perform their certain duties such as paying taxes. After the World War II, welfare systems were initiated mostly in Western countries in different types and scales. However, a welfare system that targets its citizens and is financed by the levied taxes goes through a crisis when foreigners cross the borders and need basic services. Those migrants can be asylum seekers who escape from political conflicts in their homeland or economic migrants who search for a better living. Those migrants who enter the country from an illegal way or whose residence permits expire become undocumented/unregistered/illegal. At this stage, they cannot benefit from health services except the emergency health services, cannot work in good standards,...
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...Immigration is an Economic Benefit to the Host Country Name: Cindy Winata Student ID: 12413091 Professor: Vyas Utpal Immigration is an Economic Benefit to the Host Country Is immigration an economic benefit to the host country? As the world globalizes, this issue has become a topic of a debate in recent years. The inflow of immigrants may bring a positive effect or negative effect to the destined country. However, in some countries like the United States, their economic development has become dependent on immigrants. As Marco Rubio once said, “Americans believe in the value of immigration”. Immigration has made and is making favorable contribution in term of economy to the host country. Immigrants have benefited the U.S economy by filling in less-skilled job vacancies, increasing native’s wages and labor productivity, and lastly driving innovation. Immigrant Workers Fill the Growing Number of Job Vacancies Immigration plays an important role in filling in the less-skilled jobs vacancies in United States. The main reason why the United States has become significantly reliant on immigrants is because of the growing shortage of workers that are willing to do the less-skilled jobs. In recent years, American worker’s educational level has improved dramatically, thus result in the growing number of less-skilled jobs in which U.S-born workers are available. Less-skilled immigrants are needed to fill in occupations such as construction, farming, fishing, food processing, food...
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...Immigration is an Economic Benefit to the Host Country Name: Cindy Winata Student ID: 12413091 Professor: Vyas Utpal Immigration is an Economic Benefit to the Host Country Is immigration an economic benefit to the host country? As the world globalizes, this issue has become a topic of a debate in recent years. The inflow of immigrants may bring a positive effect or negative effect to the destined country. However, in some countries like the United States, their economic development has become dependent on immigrants. As Marco Rubio once said, “Americans believe in the value of immigrationâ€. Immigration has made and is making favorable contribution in term of economy to the host country. Immigrants have benefited the U.S economy by filling in less-skilled job vacancies, increasing native’s wages and labor productivity, and lastly driving innovation. Immigrant Workers Fill the Growing Number of Job Vacancies Immigration plays an important role in filling in the less-skilled jobs vacancies in United States. The main reason why the United States has become significantly reliant on immigrants is because of the growing shortage of workers that are willing to do the less-skilled jobs. In recent years, American worker’s educational level has improved dramatically, thus result in the growing number of less-skilled jobs in which U.S-born workers are available. Less-skilled immigrants are needed to fill in occupations such as construction, farming, fishing, food processing...
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...education. Practices that are effective in some countries are ineffective in some other countries. The five dimensions of culture are individualism/collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity/femininity, long term short term orientation. Education – involves countries differing in skill level and educational opportunities. Organizations have to find suitable employees in different companies. Economic System – a company’s economic system – capitalism or socialism, government’s involvement and control, price controls, and other activities influence human resource management practices of an organization. Political – Legal System – the political legal system of a country affects the human resources practices. Sometimes, enforcement might be an issue in some countries. In some countries, laws are enforced, in others they are not. • Describe how companies select and train human resources in a global labor market. Most organizations fill most positions with host country’s nationals. This is because, nationals are used to the culture, legal system, and can relate with the culture and the people easily. Instead of foreigners who might have to learn the culture, the legal system and so on • Discuss the challenges related to performance management and compensation within other cultures. Pay structures differ among countries thus organizations have to decide whether to use the home country pay structure or the host country pay structures. Laws that decide benefit...
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...cultural differences of the Host's country and if there would be a demand for the product. Being faced with cultural differences and not being prepared properly can lead to misunderstandings and have a serious impact on a career. Communication is critical and when expanding a company to new areas cultural differences in communication are likely to come forward. It is essential to be aware of these cultural differences and adjust to them. As in some cultures people are loud, direct and tend to interrupt during conversations. On the other hand some are soft spoken, use jargon and wait for someone to finish what they're saying. If the Host's country has a different language then further obstacles form as a new packaging for the product has to be developed. In many cultures communication is influenced through hierarchies and the most senior partner may be the one who is composing the decisions. Inadequately recognising their status or to greeting them with due respect can create a bad impression. You must prepare and learn the ways and ethics of the Host's country in order to try to eliminate any misunderstanding. For example the view on whistle blowing between Americans and the French. American companies consider it to be a natural part of business. However the French view whistle blowing as insulting amongst the co-workers and despise such acts. The laws within the Host's country may vary from the Parent Country as taxation or employee laws and new...
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...POLITICAL LEGAL ENVIRONMENT THE POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT International marketing activities take place within the political environment of government institutions, political parties and organizations through which a country’s peoples and rulers exercise power. Each nation has its own political culture, which reflects the relative importance of the government and legal system and provides a context within which individuals and corporations undertake their businesses. Any company doing business outside its home country should carefully study the political culture in the target market. The political culture requires the firm to understand the following: 1. Political risk analysis 2. Indicators of political instability 3. Attitudes of nationals 4. Policies of the host government 5. Management and measurement of political risks 1) POLITICAL RISK ANALYSIS International marketers face a number of political risks. The many risks posed by the host government might include: i) Confiscation ii) Expropriation iii) Nationalization iv) Domestication v) Creeping expropriation a. General instability risk b. Operation risk c. Transfer risk Confiscation is the process of a government taking ownership of a property without compensation. For example the government of Zimbabwe recently confiscated the property of white farmers under the reign of President Mugabe without any compensation or room for legal redress. Expropriation...
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...Doing Business in Israel Country Full name: State of Israel Capital: Jerusalem Population of Israel: 8,422,000 Culture & Religion Ethnic groups: Religions: Jewish, Muslim, Christian, Druze Languages • Minority language is Hebrew, but official state languages are Hebrew and Arabic • English is learned as the second language • Every Israeli citizen learns Arabic and Hebrew in school • Currencies, passports and road signs contain translations in all three languages Preparation to the Meeting Background research • Information about company (Google, Facebook) & person How to set up a meeting • Personal connections • Email, phone call • Pay attention to when National holidays fall • Workday hours – Sunday –Thursday 8am-5pm At the Meeting How to Dress • Dress code is casual (unless meeting with top government officials and high level executives) Greeting & Conversation • Greet with a handshake • Quickly Move to first name basis • No small talk • Raising of the voice is a normal way of speaking • “Let’s discuss this over coffee” – is a common business framework At the Meeting Greeting & Conversation • Israelis appreciate Humor • Don’t be alarmed if Israelis want to know your age or marital status • If you don’t understand his words – ask him repeat (and vice versa) • People walk/talk/sit in closer proximity than you are used to • AVOID talking about Israel’s government, politics, religious issues At the Meeting ...
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...the various intercultural differences (Guffey101). When communicating to international audiences, workers must also pay special attention to not only oral and written messages, but also nonverbal communication. Nonverbal behavior includes actions and behavior such as eye contact, facial expression, posture, gestures, and the use of time, space, and territory (113). As business communicators, it is imperative that we give special attention to these all-important areas of communication, so that we give added value to the effectiveness of intercultural messages. Knowing your customer is just as important anywhere in the world as it is at home. Each culture has its logic, and within that logic are real, sensible reasons for the way foreigners do things. To be effective interacting with...
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...Why Us Attracts Immigration From All Over the World Ever since the discovery of America many centuries ago, the country has continued to attract millions of immigrants from all over the world. Some of the common reasons that have led to increased numbers of immigrants into the country are things such as plentiful job opportunities, cases of overpopulations in other countries, search for religious and political asylum, and the advertisement for free land. However, some of the main reasons behind the immigrations include, but are not limited to, education, economic, social security, and cultural aspects. Using the above four reasons as the main points, this paper helps to explain why USA has remained a major attraction for immigrants from allover the world. As a matter of fact, USA offers a lot in terms of education compared to what other countries in the world are able to provide for their citizens (Rumbaut, 1994). The country is home to some of the best universities and colleges in the world, and for that reason, has continued to attract students from all parts of the world. Some of the famous institutions of higher education in the country will include universities such as California Institute of Technology, Harvard University, University of California, New York University, University of Michigan, Yale University, and the University of Chicago. Most of these institutions have constantly featured in the World University Rankings, thus amassing too much recognition...
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