...WORD ASSOCIATION TEST Experiment No. 2 NAME: CRISELLE M. MACASPAC SCORE: DAY/TIME: W 7:30-4:30 DATE: TITLE: Word Association Test ABSTRACT: The formation of word association and perceptual defense aim to measure signs of emotional complexes and to be able to identify the degree of threshold for each selected stimulus. The apparatus needed were paper, pencil and ninety-nine (99) stimulus words. For the procedure, the experiment has 1 phase: determination of association reaction time and the measurement of recognition thresholds. Ninety-nine carefully chosen words were presented one at a time. The experiment concludes that there were different signs of emotional complexes and different degree of threshold for each selected stimulus words. Because the subject had difficulty in reacting to certain stimulus word, the subject felt unpleasant with the stimulus words so the individual laugh. INTRODUCTION: Perceptual defense not only do absolute threshold vary from person to person; they also vary from time for a single person. The type of stimulus, the state of one’s nervous system, and the cost of false “detections” all make a difference. Emotional factors are also important. Unpleasant stimuli, for example, may raise the threshold for recognition. This effect is called perceptual defense. “Dirty” words took longer to recognize when flashed on a screen that did “clean” words. Apparently, it is possible to process information on more than one level and...
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...counteracted through social intervention. The purpose of this paper is to propose mechanisms of racial bias and demonstrate their operation in relation to personal identity at the biological, psychological, and social level. An individual’s perception of himself and others depends on the personal, relational, and the collective phenomenon of identity. An understanding of how identity operates as a mechanism of racial bias at the psychological...
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...ORGANIZATION……………………………………………………………...…19 2.1. Creative approach during the process of color nomination……………………19 2.2. The main types of lexical nomination of the words of the group «clothes»……21 CONCLUSION……....………....……...…………………………………...…….23 SOURCES…......………...……………………………………………………..…24 INTRODUCTION The actuality of this work is that the issue of change of meaning has always attracted attention of a great deal of scholars both in America and in Europe. The long history of language studying shows the interest of scientists to determine the issue of basic language functions, which inevitably include the nominative one. As a primary language function, the nominative function assumes the language system ability to designate and to isolate fragments of reality, transferring their notions into words, word combinations, idioms and sentences. The dynamic development of cognitive and communicative activities of human society and, as a result, the emergence of new realities, artifacts, objects of material and spiritual culture really determine one of the main tasks of language as "providing all spheres of life activity of a person with new designations" [3]. However, the role of the language in organizing and storing information in our mind is still unclear. A lot of disciplines are aimed at studying perception, reflection of the reality and principles of information transforming. The...
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...of the research methods 4 Section 3-Qualiatative research 5 Section 4-Evauation of the chosen methods 6 Conclusion 7 Bibliography 7 Section 1-Description of the client and the industry The Association of Motorcar Manufactures represents four major car manufacturers (Ford, Toyota, Vauxhall and Jaguar) across the UK. The Association is established before 30 years and its initial role is to collect information about the sales of these four car brands, which is used by the manufacturers and dealerships for their future actions and plans.’(case study) The brands are well-known and widespread in UK. The Association also represents their manufacturers views by campaigning to Government, state bodies, the media and the motoring public on various issues that may affect the industry.’ (case study) The highly intense competitive rivalry in the car industry requires frequent researches. The association carries out a monthly omnibus survey, which is a relatively low cost way of gathering data, which covers numerous aspects and is easy to conduct. The purpose is to find information about the number of car purchases and registrations across the specific brands, what is the reaction to eventual innovations, what is the buying behaviour of the customers, the image perception and the brand...
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...A study of the effects of brand image on consumer behaviour and brand equity Eddie Phun Foo Boon BA Hons (University Malaya) MBA (University Putra Malaysia) International Graduate School of Management Division of Business and Enterprise University of South Australia (UniSA) Submitted on this 10th November in the year 2004 for the partial requirements of the degree of Doctor of Business Administration UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA 31 A66 2.1JuJ LIBRARY. Doctor of Business Administration Portfolio Submission Form Name: Phun Foo Boon Student ID: 100008513 Dear Sir / Madam To the best of my knowledge, the portfolio contains all of the candidate's own work completed under my supervision, and is worthy of examination. I have approved for submission the portfolio that is being submitted for examination. Signed: D. Dymock iQuek Ai Hwa Assoc. Prof. Dr. Darryl Dymock / Assoc. Prof. Dr. Quek Ai Hwa 10 Nov 2004 Supported By: /I 51:c--- in_ Prof. David Richards Chair, IGSM Doctoral Board of Examiners DBA Portfolio Declaration I hereby declare that this portfolio submitted in partial fulfilment of the DBA degree is my own work and that all contributions from any other persons or sources are properly and duly cited. I further declare that it does not constitute any precious work whether published or otherwise. In making this declaration, I understand and acknowledge any breaches of the declaration constitute academic misconduct...
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...key to understanding the history and underpinnings of modern psychology. From a flawed seventh century B.C. experiment by the King of Egypt to Socrates, Plato, Hume, Liebniz, and others, psychology has a very long past but only a short scientific history. Philosophical Background In the seventh century B.C., the King of Egypt conducted what many, including psychology historian Morton Hunt, consider to be the first psychology experiment. Though flawed and rudimentary, the king tested his idea that thoughts and language came from the mind. Although unscientific, the idea of the minds overall ability to do more was put to the test. Socrates (460-399 B.C.) often considered and referred to as a father of philosophy, stated “One thing only I know and that is I know nothing.” This realization came when he concluded that philosophy can only begin when one learns to doubt, particularly the thoughts and ideals that each individual holds dear and sacred. In short, real philosophy cannot start until one’s mind begins to examine itself. Again the mind is central and paramount. To modern psychology he gave the Socratic Method of questioning, which demanded definitions be as accurate as possible, clear thinking at all times, and exact analysis of all details. Hippocrates (460-370 B.C), the father of medicine, developed a new method of research...
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...organizations given the current trend toward globalization, population changes, and an aging workforce, especially in high-income countries, makes the issue of diverse team building critical. The purpose of this paper is to explore the issue of team diversity and team performance through the examination of theory and empirical research. Specifically, the paper seeks to answer the question: “How might individuals with diverse characteristics such as culture, age, work experience, educational background, aptitude and values, become successful team members?”. Design/methodology/approach – A review of theories that are pertinent to individual differences and team formation, including social identity theory, mental models, inter contact theory, social comparison theory, and chaos theory, was conducted. Team formation and diversity literature were reviewed to identify ways of developing diverse and effective teams. Findings – It is a truism that working together in teams is a smart way of achieving organizational performance goals. This paper discusses the theories, research and practices that underlie the development of efficient and effective teams. It demonstrates that recognizing the underlying individual differences, mental models, and assumptions that team members bring to the organization can help build teams that...
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...the hospitality industry has now been characterised by ever growing competition and increasing commoditisation of service, Pine and Gilmore (1999). Guests are becoming more sophisticated consumers with a very wide range of expectations, choices, perceptions and value for money and this has become a challenge to service providers such as restaurants who plays a role of offering a service by way of serving them food and beverages. A restaurant is an establishment that serves the customers with prepared food and beverages to order, to be consumed on the premises. Thus there is need for restaurants to provide excellent but less costly service, which surpasses the expectations of customers. A restaurant that excels in offering a quality memorable experience creates its superiority and competitive advantage in the industry. Canadian tourism commission (2004). A meal experience is a complete product that a restaurant can deliver to a guest. A meal experience is said to be the time from which the guest enters the restaurant up until the time he leaves and it also takes into account the guests’ feelings and perception of the delivered service, Davis and Lockwood (2013). Thus an experience that is delivered to a guest has a direct association to his or her decision to visit again to buy the same product, Lehto, O’Leary and Morrison (2004). Pine and Gilmore (1999) argues that there is need for an operation to provide guests with a memory of...
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...705 8114 (tel), 00 41 22 705 8104 (fax), czellars@hec.fr (email). 1 Consumer Attitude Towards Brand Extensions: An Integrative Model and Research Propositions The paper proposes an integrative model of the antecedents and consequences of brand extension attitude based on the dominant cognitive paradigm. The four key processes of the model are: (1) the perception of fit, (2) the formation of primary attitudes towards the extension, (3) the link between extension attitude and marketplace behaviour and (4) the reciprocal effect of brand extension attitude on parent brand/extension category attitude. Moderator and control variables of these processes are identified and classified into three groups: (1) consumer characteristics, (2) marketer-controlled factors and (3) external factors. This integrative model leads to the identification of missing links and variables in past research, resulting in a propositional inventory for future studies. The paper ends with a reflection on the long-term perspectives of scientific inquiry on brand extensions. Keywords: Brand extensions, Consumer Attitudes, Brand Associations, Brand Affect, Cognitive Psychology 2 Introduction Brand extension is the "use of established brand names to enter new product categories or classes" (Keller & Aaker, 1992, p. 35). The past fifteen years have witnessed the development of an important body of empirical evidence on consumer attitude vis-à-vis brand extensions. Systematic research on consumer...
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...Doing Poorly by Doing Good: Corporate Social Responsibility and Brand Concept Article Submission Final Thesis Article Author: Anum Khalid Dar Submitted to: Mrs. Mehrukh Salman Submitted on: 13 April 2015 The idea of brand concept has been used by almost every firm in the world but there has been very little research on what is the impact of brand concept on the consumer’s evaluation of the product. This paper discusses the relation of brand concept with CSR and how it leads to evaluation of the product. Three studies focuses on the relation of CSR and brand concept and the results gathered through experiments reveal that there is a conflict between CSR (selftranscendence) and luxury brand (self-enhancement), the paper also considers the mediating effect of disfluency that triggers a motivational conflict between CSR and self-enhancement which leads to less favorable brand evaluation. The paper also discusses that no such conflicting impact was observed in openness and conservation concepts. The key finding of this paper is the impact of different brand concepts with reference to CSR that leads to brand evaluation. Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has emerged as an extremely important concept and has gained the attention of many companies. There have been studies on this topic which illustrates it importance and value that CSR activities can bring in for a firm. The McKinsey conducted a global survey with executives as there respondents...
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...1. Bush, V. D., Bush, A. J., Clark, P., & Bush, R. P. (2005). Girl power and word-of-mouth behavior in the flourishing sports market. Journal of consumer Marketing, 22(5), 257-264. • Purpose of the study See how word of mouth affects sports market in women • Methodology adopted Media habits of 118 girls used to generate result using theory of consumer socialization • Findings Hypothesis were found true and females are influenced significantly by WOM • Managerial implications This study is limited to USA, other parts give a unexplored market • Conclusion WOM is a good influencer for teen girls in the US region w.r.t. sports market 2. Dix, S., Phau, I., & Pougnet, S. (2010). “Bend it like Beckham”: the influence of sports celebrities on young...
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...The PsychSim5 Activities PsychSim 5: PSYCHOLOGY’S TIMELINE Name: Abdul Hasssan Section: 6 Date: This activity will take you on a tour through the history of psychology. You will learn how psychology grew out of philosophy and medical physiology, and will become acquainted with some of the pioneers of psychology as a scientific discipline. Famous Psychologists Can you think of any famous psychologists from psychology’s history? The Early History: Philosophers and Scientists Match each of the philosophers and scientists with their descriptions AND write in the approximate year of their contribution. ______ Aristotle (______) 320 b.c. A. British philosopher, empiricist ______ Darwin (______) 360 b.c. B. Greek philosopher, nativist ______ Descartes (______) 1600 C. British biologist ______ Helmholz (______) 1700 D. German physiologist ______ Locke (______) 1830 E. French philosopher, nativist, and dualist ______ Plato (______) 1860 F. Greek philosopher, empiricist Pioneers of Psychology Match each of the pioneers of psychology with their descriptions AND write in the approximate year of their main contribution. ______ Calkins (______) 1879 A. Studied memory ______ Ebbinghaus (______) 1882 B. First psychotherapy ______ Freud (______) 1885 C. First lab in USA ______ Hall (______) 1888 D. Used introspection ______ James (______) 1890 E. First comprehensive textbook ...
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...Cognitive Processes Paper Cristala Walker August 8, 2012 INTRODUCTION This paper will examine the cognitive processes of attention, language, and problem solving. This paper will explain the purpose of each cognitive processes. This paper will also summarize and evaluate the studies of these cognitive processes and also the research methodology that they focus on. Cognitive processes are very important for human behavior. It is about the knowledge and the way people use his or her knowledge. Cognitive processes affect individuals in everyday life, often occurring within fractions of a second. EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE OF EACH COGNITIVE PROCESS Language is used to communicate feelings, thoughts, and ideas effectively. The use of language begins at a very young age, some would agree before birth. Language is spoken in a mixture of techniques from oral, to sign language to body language. In language there is a collection of terms, which is related to a particular topic, and the collection of terms is identified as a lexicon. Language and lexicon mutually combined because of the recollection of vocabulary or verbal communication, which transmits to cognitive psychology because the occurrence of lexical judgments in processing vocabulary in the cognitive mind. The main aspects of verbal communication are communicative, uninformed, controlled, generative, and self-motivated. The communicative part of language is the speech between two individuals. The uniformed part is the...
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...Chapter 1 The Dimensions of Psychology Summary: Psychology is an academic and applied discipline that involves the scientific study of mental functions and behaviors. Psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases, and by many accounts it ultimately aims to benefit society. In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist, and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain cognitive functions and behaviors. Structuralism was the first school of psychology and focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components. Researchers tried to understand the basic elements of consciousness using a method known as introspection. Wilhelm Wundt, founder of the first psychology lab, was an advocate of this position and is often considered the founder of structuralism, despite the fact that it was his student, Edward B. Titchener who first coined the term to describe this school of thought. Functionalism formed as a reaction to the structuralism and was heavily influenced by the work of William James and the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin. Functionalists sought to explain the mental processes in a more systematic and accurate...
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...Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1986, Vol. 31, No. 3, 505-514 Copyright 1986 hy the American Psychological Association, Inc. 0022-35l4/86/$00.75 Attitude Accessibility as a Moderator of the Attitude-Perception and Attitude-Behavior Relations: An Investigation of the 1984 Presidential Election Russell H. Fazio and Carol J. Williams Indiana University It was hypothesized that the extent to which individuals' attitudes guide their subsequent perceptions of and behavior toward the attitude object is a function of the accessibility of those attitudes from memory. A field investigation concerning the 1984 presidential election was conducted as a test of these hypotheses. Attitudes toward each of the two candidates, Reagan and Mondale, and the accessibility of those attitudes, as indicated by the latency of response to the attitudinal inquiry, were measured for a large sample of townspeople months before the election. Judgments of the performance of the candidates during the televised debates served as the measure of subsequent perceptions, and voting served as the measure of subsequent behavior. As predicted, both the attitude-perception and the attitude-behavior relations were moderated by attitude accessibility. The implications of these findings for theoretical models of the processes by which attitudes guide behavior, along with their practical implications for survey research, are discussed. Research on the consistency between individuals' attitudes and...
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