...Metal forming is a general term, for a large group, that includes a wide variety of manufacturing processes. Metal forming processes are characteristic in that the metal being processed is plastically deformed in order to shape it into a desired geometry. In order to plastically deform a metal, a force must be applied that will exceed the yield strength of the material. The material actually gets stronger the more it is deformed plastically. This is called strain hardening or work hardening. Many metal forming processes are suitable for processing large quantities (i.e., bulk) of material, and their suitability depends not only upon the shape and size control of the product but also upon the surface finish produced. There are many different metal forming processes and some processes yield a better geometry and surface-finish than some others. Metal forming processes can be classified under two major groups. Bulk deformation processes and sheet metalworking processes. Bulk deformation is characteristic in that the work formed has a low surface area to volume ratio. In sheet metalworking the metal being processed will have a high surface area to volume ratio. Among the bulk Deformation, there are rolling, forging, extrusion and drawing method. Rolling is a metal forming process that deforms the work by the use of rolls. Rolling processes include flat rolling, shape rolling, ring rolling, thread rolling, gear rolling, and the production of seamless tube and pipe by rotary...
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...Advances in Metal Forming Research at the Center for Precision Forming - Industry/University Cooperation – T. Altan, P. Sartkulvanich, N. Kardes The Center for Precision Forming (CPF), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA Abstract The demand for application for lightweight materials such as Ultra/Advanced High Strength Steels (U/AHSS), aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys and boron steels in automotive industry is increasing to reduce vehicle weight and increase crash performance. The use of these relatively new materials requires advanced and reliable techniques to a) obtain data on material properties and flow stress, b) predicting springback and fracture in bending and flanging, c) selecting lubricants and die materials/coatings for stamping and forging and d) designing tools for blanking and shearing. In addition, designing the process and tooling for a) hot stamping of boron steels, b) warm forming of Al and Mg alloys, and c) optimizing the use of servo-drive presses require advanced Finite Element based simulation methods. CPF is conducting R&D in most of these topics and also in many hot and cold forging related topics. This paper gives an overview of this research and discusses how the research results are applied in cooperation with industry. Keywords: Metal Forming, Sheet metal, Forging, FEM 1 INTRODUCTION The Center for Precision Forming (CPF) has been established with funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and a number of companies (www.cpforming...
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...Forming Habits PSY/250 Forming Habits I was raised in a family with three brothers and I had to prove myself all the time. I always felt someone else was telling me how to do things and how to run my live instead of me being able to live my own life and learn from my mistakes. Growing up with three brothers who were already in the habit of arguing when I was adopted into the family, it seems it was hard not to pick up the same habit. Were there role models for this habit? I would not call arguing a good habit. Therefore I would not state my brothers were role molds for this habit, but an influence. When there are three people around you doing the same thing, it is hard to break the habit even as we get older. To date, my brothers still argue with each other. They have to prove their point. One of my little brothers is a lawyer. I guess this is a great way for him to prove his point. Unfortunately this is a trait that my children have picked up from me. My children argue with each other and myself because they feel they have to prove themselves. They argue with me and for some reason, I allowed them to at an earlier age. My children are now 17 and almost 16. They argue with me more to the point that they will not just drop it and let it be. Everyone has to have the last word except my husband. He is the only one that will drop it or walk away. He hates the arguing. I do as well and ask the children to drop it but they do not listen. I know this is my fault because I...
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...project team. In order to become an effective team, we have to go through five stages which are Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing and Adjourning. For this essay, we will only focus on the forming and storming stage. Forming stage is the first stage of the group development in which people join the group. In the major process in the forming stage, members become familiar with one another and the group as well as members deal with issues of dependency and inclusion, the acceptance of a leader and the development of the group consensus. There are some characteristic of forming such as tentative, polite communications; concern over ambiguity and group goal; and an active leader and compliant members.The team will focus on orientation to its goals and procedures. Members have to be concerning each other about what the team as individual members are supposed to do. In our team, some conflicts did occur during the time that when we deciding our leaders. Besides, we were unclear about the goals and what we have to do leaded us to have low effectiveness. Everyone refused to be the leader until someone volunteered to become our leaders. Finally, Angelina, our leader volunteered herself to lead us and followed by Charles and Joan who volunteered to become assistants of Angelina. Meanwhile, cohesiveness of our group become better after the leading and guarding of our leaders. After the forming stage, the team proceeds to the storming stage. As the name suggests, this stage is marked...
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...Spray Up Process for the Manufacture of an Acrylic Bathtub Method Used: Vacuum Forming and Spray Up Presented By: LAURA URENA 1 Bathtub Manufacturing Using Spray up Technique 2 Table of Contents I. II. Open Mold: Spray Up. Major advantages………………………….4 Sheet metal forming for mold……………………………………….….5 III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. Mold Release……………………………………………………………………..6 Vacuum forming molding..………………………………………………..7 Spray up process description……………………………………………10 Materials and equipment used………………………………….…….13 Technical drawings ………………………………………………………...17 Cost analysis…………………………………………………………………….19 Video………………………………………………………………………………..20 X. References……………………………………………………………….…….21 3 Open Mold: Spray Up Fibre is chopped in a hand-held gun and fed into a spray of catalyzed resin directed at the mould. With open molding, the gel coat and laminate are exposed to the atmosphere during the fabrication process. The selection of this technique for the manufacture of the bathtub was because the feasibility that open mold methods allows such as: Most appropriate technique based on the costs of tooling due to the single cavity mold of fiberglass used for the size of the part 30x35x18 in. Portable equipment permits on-site fabrication. This technique enable the manufacturing of hot bathtubs that requires different types of reinforcement able to tolerate heat and load. 4 Sheet Metal for Bathtub Mold Injection mold is a technique used for the manufacture of bathtubs. For...
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... 6 1.1 DIE OR PRESS TOOL: ............................................................................................. 6 1.2 DIE BLOCK: ............................................................................................................ 7 1.3 PUNCH: .................................................................................................................... 7 1.4 TYPE OF DIES: ........................................................................................................ 8 1.4.1 BLANKING DIE ................................................................................................ 8 1.4.2 BENDING DIE .................................................................................................. 8 1.4.3 FORMING DIE .................................................................................................. 9 1.4.4 DRAW DIE ........................................................................................................ 9 1.4.5 PIERCING DIE .................................................................................................. 9 1.4.6 TRIMMING DIE .............................................................................................. 10 1.4.7 COMPOUND DIE ............................................................................................ 10 1.4.8 PROGRESSIVE DIE ........................................................................................ 11 DIE SET ................................................
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...Cold Rolling Jeffry S. Asher DT1410 Unit 4 Assignment 2 ITT Technical Institute January 18, 2016 Cold rolling is a metal forming process in which the shape and the structure of steel are altered through drawing, extruding, hammering, pressing, rolling, spinning, and stretching at temperatures below the steel's recrystallization point, usually room temperature. These processes result in changes to the metal's composition which permanently increases its hardness and tensile strength, and improve the surface finish, but decrease ductility and impact resistance. After hot rolling, many steel products undergo a further processing in the cold state. This stage of processing may not necessarily alter the shape of the steel, but it does reduce its thickness and significantly improve its performance characteristics. Hot rolled coil is commonly known as cold rolled, also known as cold reduced. Cold rolling is a process by which the sheet metal or strip stock is introduced between rollers and then compressed and squeezed. The amount of strain introduced determines the hardness and other material properties of the finished product. The advantages of cold rolling are good dimensional accuracy and surface finish. Cold rolled sheet can be produced in various conditions such as skin-rolled, quarter hard, half hard, full hard depending on how much cold work has been performed. This cold working hardness is often called temper, although this has nothing to do with heat treatment temper...
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...Marmara University Engineering Faculty Metallurgy & Materials Engineering MSE 432 Foundry Technology Semi Solid Metal Casting Project Prepared By İsmail Elmadağlı Çağlar KELEŞ Göktürk Bayram İskender Submitted To Prof. Dr. Altan Türkeli Introduction Semi-solid metal casting (SSM), also known as thixocasting, rheocasting, thixoforming or thixomolding, is a near net shape process in the production of parts out of non-ferrous metals, such as aluminium, copper, or magnesium. The process combines the advantages of casting and forging. The process is named after the fluid property thixotropy, which is the phenomenon that allows this process to work. Simply, thixotropic fluids shear when the material flows, but thicken when standing. The potential for this type of process was first recognized in the early 1970s. SSM is done at a temperature that puts the metal between its liquidus and solidus temperature. Ideally the metal should be 30 to 65% solid. The metal must have a low viscosity to be usable, and to reach this low viscosity the material needs a globular primary surrounded by the liquid phase. The temperature range possible depends on the material and for aluminum alloys is 5-10oC, but for narrow melting range copper alloys can be only several tenths of a degree. Semi-solid casting is typically used for high-end castings. For aluminum alloys typical parts include engine suspension mounts, air manifold sensor harness, engine blocks...
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...A union is an organization of employees who work together to negotiate and secure rights relating to compensation and rights in the workplace. There are many benefits to working in this type of environment. (www.ehow.com) Every workplace is different and the reason for forming a union may be different from another person, however, the process to form a union is the same. The UFCW Local One represents employees working in industries such as, retail food stores, retail stores, drug stores, food processing plants, transportation companies, hospitals, nursing homes, office workers, manufacturing and processing plants. No matter what your place of employment, a union can represent your interests, and the process to forming a union begins the same way in any workplace. To begin forming a union where you work, you must first find out if your co-workers want to form a union. You must first engage in their interest by communicating to a couple of trusted co-workers you believe may possibly be interested in improving the workplace. Once you believe there is an interest, contact a union representative to assist you. (Ufcwone.org/steps-form-union) Hoyt Wheeler has provided theoretical basis for union formation that entails a two stage process. Stage one consists of the worker’s readiness to take some form of stage process. Stage two represents one worker coming together with other employees as a group and deciding to take some form of collective action. (Holley, Jennings, Wolters page...
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...Forming a Hypothesis Grand Canyon University: EDA 577 October 16, 2012 Vail District High Schools (Andrada’s Math Achievement) The Vail School District has 5 high schools in the district; Cienega, Empire, Pantano, Vail, and the newest Andrada. During SAT, Administrative, and Instructional Data Team meetings it was discovered the Math scores for Andrada High School were 10-14% below the levels of the four other district high schools. The five leadership teams began to brainstorm to identify why the scores in math were not in alignment with the four others. Below is a brainstorm list with a compare and contrast of the five high schools. |Hypothesis lists with emphasis |Cienega |Empire |Andrada |Vail High School |Pantano High School | |on compare and contrast |High School |High School |High School | | | |Period Schedules |Block Schedule |6 Traditional |7 Periods |7 Periods |4 Periods | |Has a Zero Hour |Yes |Yes |No |Yes |No | |Are Teachers following best |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes |Yes | |practices | ...
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...Theory: Forming process are solid state manufacturing processes involving minimum amount of material wastage and faster production. It does have been one of the common methods in formation of product in multi shape and size. In fact some of casting product will undergoes forming process to achieve more precise shape. In metal forming, transformation to desire shape is done at solid state and usually required high forces. If the temperature is below crystallization temperature, it is called ‘cold work’. Large force is applied such that the material flows and takes the desired shape. These processes are normally used for large scale production rates. It is also generally economical and many cases improve the mechanical properties. Some of the metals forming process are rolling, forging, extrusion, drawing, sheet metal forming and bending. In fabrication of metal dustbin, below process forming process are involved. a. Sheet Metal Cutting -Sheet metal cutting can be done by shearing operation. Shearing is the mechanical cutting of material without the formation of chips or the use of burning or melting. When sheets of metal are to be sheared along a straight line, squaring shears are frequently used. As the upper ram descends, a clamping bar or set of clamping fingers presses the sheet of metal against the machine table to hold firmly in formation. A moving blade then comes down across a fixed blade and shears the metal. On larger shears, the moving blade is often set...
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...Group Counseling COU 6350 Faulkner University In my research on Forming, Storming, Norming and Performing, I discovered that the phrase of Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing was coined in 1965 by psychologist Bruce Tuckman. He described that most teams follow a consistent path from the point when they are first assembled to the time when they become a highly proficient highly effective group. This path leads them through four stages; Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing. The Forming stage begins when new group members are brought together. You might have some members that are apprehensive, talkative, some are very positive and polite some might be a little anxious, and excited. Whatever each group member possesses they bring to the table. The group members are unaware of what lies ahead. This stage is usually short compared to the other stages. The Storming stages are when each group member is explained what is expected, and what the goals are. Processes and structures are put in effect. Now the group may be filling frustrated and overwhelmed by the participation they must have. They realities and challenges that are ahead are setting in. The may become stressed with how much they must accomplish and they are unsure about their participation that is required with an unfamiliar leader and new group members. They realize that they don’t know each other and they began to form opinions of one another. The may be seeking the approval of the group leader or...
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...Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits Simona Lewis PSY/250 October 22, 2013 Leska Meeler Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits It is through observational learning that I truly learned a bad habit or behavior, but it was through observation that I learned how to smoke cigarettes. However, observation learning is a “convincing” force; rather it is good or bad behavior or habit which was learned by an individual. In-spite-of, the individual has the right to act-upon certain behavior. There are several theories that can explain the behavior and the habits that I have learned. Analyze on of your habits. The habit that I will be analyzing is “smoking cigarettes.” How did you develop this habit? I developed this smoking habit by watching other people smoking cigarettes, and I thought that it is an expressive and popular habit to be learned. Were there role models for this habit? Yes, there were role models for the habit or behavior that I learned. Which people influenced the adoption of this habit? The people who influenced me for the smoking cigarettes, is my parents, friends, and coworkers. Why do I continue it? I continue this habit (smoking cigarettes) because smoking cigarettes calms my nerves, whenever I am in deep thoughts about something, hanging out with families or friends, and going to nightclubs. Has there been a time when you have attempted...
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...Service as a Product An interesting once in awhile event as a Renaissance Fair has become a more realistic hobby for many people in the Pennsylvania Region. Within one hour of Easton, Pennsylvania, one of the centre points of the tri-state area there are over 60 different Live Action Role-Playing Events on a monthly basis. Generally, these events start Friday Evening and end in Sunday in the afternoon. These games are interactive Renaissance Fairs where people act the part of a hero or villain of their choosing underneath a series of rules governing interaction between other players (consider a war game) (Kimball, 2012). James Kimball has the single most popular LARP in the area, housed out of Sparta New, New Jersey. My first experience with the business was being brought by a friend at age thirteen and lying about my age to get in. These were the early years of the business before LARPing had become popular; At this point of the business, weapons for combat for the majority of players seemed silly; they were pieces of PVC wrapped in foam and covered with duct tape. The enterprise rented weekends at camps and charged players admission to play a game under the rules created by the business and provided a place to sleep and one meal in a fantasy setting, as well as props to keep the game running such as masks, weapons to use or rent, and various medieval costuming. Over the next ten years, the game grew so popular from its original cast of 20 dedicated players, to over 200 a...
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...The “Louisiana Students’ Resoluon” was wrien by a group of een students during the beginning of the Civil War. They wrote this document on campus at the University of North Carolina. They wrote it to express their loyalty to their home state of Louisiana, and to inform their governor that they were willing to come home and ght in Louisiana’s regiments. “The Philidelphians Forming Regiments” was composed on April 22, 1861 by Alfred M. Green. He was an African American abolionist, and he wrote this document in the hopes to bring to light how willing and helpful African Americans would be if they were allowed to serve in the Union army. “The Advance into Virginia” was published in a regimental newspaper on July 5, 1861. This excerpt...
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