...To Write a Chemical Formula in OWL Enclose subscripts with underscores _. Enclose superscripts with carats ^. The underscore key is next to the number zero on the keyboard. The carat key is the number six on the keyboard. H_2_O = H2O Cr^3+^ = Cr3+ Combined: SO_4_^2−^ = SO42− Ions Unit Charge Ions Write the number first and then the charge. Do not include the number one in unit charge ions. N^3−^ = N3− Ca^2+^ = Ca2+ Na^+^ = Na+ Cl^−^ = Cl− Using the Chemical Formula Input The chemical formula input box displays the superscripts and subscripts as you enter the formula. There are 3 ways to use the input box. • Keyboard: Use the keyboard to enter underscores and carats on your own. • Buttons after: Enter the formula without underscores or carats, then highlight each superscript and/or subscript, click the appropriate subscript or superscript button, and the underscores or carats will be filled in automatically. • Button during: Use the subscript or superscript buttons to enter the underscores and carats while you type the formula. To Write a Chemical Formula in OWL Enclose subscripts with underscores _. Enclose superscripts with carats ^. The underscore key is next to the number zero on the keyboard. The carat key is the number six on the keyboard. H_2_O = H2O Cr^3+^ = Cr3+ Combined: SO_4_^2−^ = SO42− Ions Unit Charge Ions Write the number first and then the charge. Do not include the number one in unit charge ions. N^3−^ = N3− Ca^2+^ = Ca2+...
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...StaInstructor’s Manual CASE TEACHING NOTES The Formula One constructors Mark Jenkins 1. Introduction This case enables students to explore sources of competitive advantage using the context of Formula One (F1) motorsport. The case highlights the ways in which three particular F1 teams created four situations of competitive dominance for a sustained period. It allows the students to consider individual teams and the generic issues needed to succeed in this specialised context. The case is organised into five parts. The first is a brief overview designed to give those unfamiliar with F1 some understanding of its history and structure. This is followed by four detailed descriptions of particular periods of dominance by an F1 team. The introduction to the case describes the overall nature of Formula One motorsport and its origins in Europe after World War II. It identifies some of the central aspects of being an F1 constructor, such as the need to generate sponsor revenues through increasingly sophisticated marketing strategies, and also the need to design, develop, manufacture and race open-wheel single-seat racecars. Note: the term ‘constructor’ differentiates F1 from other racing series in which race teams compete with bought-in racecars. F1 constructors are effectively in the business of designing and constructing prototypes – each car being unique to each constructor but within a set of pre-defined rules that cover weight, dimensions and other basic parameters. The...
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...Roejohn Remzo P. Tiolengco 2 – 21 I. Introduction A. Brief facts about Formula One B. Formula One: The Pinnacle of Motor Sports II. The Formula A. The Chassis 1. Materials 2. Aerodynamics 3. Wheels 4. Maintenance B. The Power unit 1. Specifications 2. Development 3. Power 4. Loads C. The Driver 1. Talent 2. Fitness III. Conclusion A. Summary B. Recommendation The Elements of Formula One Formula One cars truly are a masterpiece of engineering, These cars are the most technologically advanced, most rapidly developed cars in the world and are unmatched at what they do. A product of the human mind that pushes technology and man to its absolute limits. Formula One is the pinnacle of motor sports racing. The heart of a Formula One car is the chassis – the part of the automobile onto which everything is bolted and attached. Like most modern cars and aircraft, Formula One race cars feature monocoque construction. Monocoque is a French word meaning “single shell” which refers to the process of making the entire body out of a single piece of material. This material is a strong composite that is made up of spun carbon fibre set in resin or carbon fibres layered over aluminium mesh. The end result, a car that weighs in at just three-quarters of a ton. This lightweight bodywork also enables the car to reach speeds in excess of 300 kilometres per hour. (How Stuff Works, 2007 ) When you move at such phenomenal speeds, you need a lot of traction...
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...How Formula Marketing is Sabotaging Breastfeeding... Let me start this off by saying this isn't one of those, 'Formula is poison” articles. This argument isn't even about formula in itself, it's about MARKETING and the manipulative tactics formula makers use in order to sell their product. Let's face it, the formula makers didn't create their formula out of the kindness of their hearts. I will go over each formula marketing tactic that most breastfeeding advocates feel is sabotaging breastfeeding. They aren't even sneaky about it. Formula samples/coupons being given out and promoted in the hospital and/or doctors offices.- This is the most controversial one out of them all. People love free samples so when they feel like someone is arguing against something they think benefits them, of course, they will have a problem with it. Really it isn't even the actual handing out of formula samples that is wrong. It's the promoting and handing them out at the hospital and doctor's offices. Power of suggestion is a very strong thing. By weaseling in their formula brand into a hospital and getting doctors and nurses to promote it is power of suggestion to all these new parents that the person they are entrusting to get advice from is basically suggesting they use this formula brand. Power of suggestion is not that far-fetched. People will always argue in defense of this practice, but a lot of people see past that facade that formula makers and doctors are giving away these samples...
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...Beginning in the early 1970’s Nestle Alimentana of Vevey, Switzerland, one of the world’s largest food-processing companies was at war with the world. Nestle was under fire from the Pan American Health Organization for allegations of the mass amount of deaths amongst babies of in many of the third world. As a result, Nestle began to suffer from an international boycott of its products. Nestle was severely under attack by the world, many of the charges brought against Nestle were against the issues of their advertising and marketing campaigns. The charges raised against Nestle dealt with the alleged discouragement of breast feeding, particularly among third world mothers. The allegations claimed that the advertising and marketing strategies of Nestle are responsible for mothers of third world countries misuse of their products, which directly resulted in infant malnutrition and death. The major problem facing Nestle was that many people believed they were intentionally misrepresenting their products to the public. This however was very untrue. Nestle has never advocated bottle feeding instead of breast feeding. Also, it clearly states on Nestles products that breast feeding is the most effective way to properly deliver the essential nutrients and vitamins to growing babies. As evidence for their support of breast feeding, Nestle took a page from their oldest educational booklets on “Infant Feeding and Hygiene” dating from 1913 which encourages breast feeding (Murray). Nestles...
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...Determining the Empirical Formula of Magnesium Oxide Lab Purpose The purpose of this lab was to determine the percent composition and empirical formula of magnesium oxide. Hypothesis If a strip of pure magnesium metal reacts with oxygen in the air to create magnesium oxide, then the molecular formula will be MgO. The percent composition for magnesium oxide would be 60.31% magnesium and 39.69% oxygen. Apparatus Refer to attached sheet Procedure Refer to McGraw-Hill Ryerson Chemistry 11, page 212-213. 4. The mass of the empty crucible and lid was recorded. The strip of cleaned magnesium was added to the crucible. The mass of the crucible, lid and magnesium was recorded. 10. The substance remained in the crucible, above the flame for an extra five minutes on high heat, after the water had evaporated completely. Results Mass of clean, empty crucible and lid | 26.73g | Mass of crucible, lid, and magnesium | 26.87g | Mass of crucible and magnesium oxide | 26.95g | Analysis 1. a) We used 0.14 g of magnesium in the reaction. b) 0.22 g of magnesium oxide was produced. c) 0.08 g of oxygen reacted with the magnesium (0.22 g – 0.14 g = 0.08 g). d) Refer to “Determining the Empirical Formula of Magnesium Oxide Lab Solutions” sheet e) Element | % | m (g) | M (g/mol) | n (m÷M) | ÷ by | Ratio | Magnesium | 63.63 | 63.63 | 24.31 | 2.617441382 | 2.273125 | 1 | Oxygen | 36.37 | 36.37 | 16.00 | 2.273125 | 2.273125 | 1 | Since the ratio is 1:1,...
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...Breastfeeding vs. Formula Deciding whether to breastfeed or provide formula milk is a major decision amongst new mothers. As simple as it may seem, the decision to breastfeed versus formula feed babies can be difficult and one of the most important decisions a mother can make. While there is nothing wrong with giving babies formula milk, breastfeeding should be the number one choice for mothers. As breast milk provides more nutrients, is naturally produced by mothers and is less expensive, breastfeeding is more beneficial than formula milk. When examining the benefits of breastfeeding as opposed to formula milk, breast milk tops the list with the nutrients and antibodies it provides. As breast milk contains antibodies that formula milk does not, this provides extra protection for babies against diseases and viruses. The first milk a baby receives while breastfeeding is colostrum. Colostrum is rich in nutrients and the mother’s own disease-preventing antibodies which may protect the baby from certain viruses (Kutner, 2012). Thus, breastfeeding babies contribute to building babies’ immune systems. As the breast milk matures, “the cells, hormones, and antibodies [in breast milk]…protect babies from illness” (Womenshealth.gov, 2011). This combination is unique to breast milk and is not contained in formula milk. On the other hand, some formula milk does contain more vitamin D than breast milk, which is essential in building strong bones. In addition, formula milk also contains...
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...NASCAR and Formula 1 Both have their roots in the car races of the early 1900's. The European races of the 20's and 30's for Formula 1 and the beach course races at Daytona Beach, Florida in the 30's. Formula One is open wheel racing, meaning simply that the cars' wheels are open, or not covered by the skin of the vehicle. The sport is basically technology driven. Manufacturers spend time and money in research and development to produce new parts construction materials to make their cars faster than the next guy. The courses are generally road courses, a term meaning that the course consists of left and right turns as well as straights. As mentioned by others Formula 1 races are sometimes run on courses made of blocked off city streets. They also race in the rain and use a different type of fuel. Formula 1 races take place all over the world. NASCAR is stock car racing, meaning that the cars are loosely based on 4 door sedans currently in production by the auto makers that compete in the series; Ford, Chevrolet, Dodge, and Toyota starting in 2007. The cars do use older technology, but they are meant to emulate the classic American hot rods. It's the idea of taking what you have and doing enough modifications to beat the other guy. Although, in NASCAR, those modifications must meet the standards and fit the rules. They compete on many different tracks, although most are considered oval. There are many configurations though; ovals, tri-ovals, quad-ovals, nearly rectangular...
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...sale of infant feeding formula to incapable mothers. In this case, Nestle was accused of hard-selling their products to mothers in Third World countries who were incapable of the proper use of the products, and encouraging them to use powdered milk formulas as a substitute for breastfeeding. As a result, the increased use of the product caused malnutrition and mass deaths of babies in developing countries. The controversy began to arise in the 1960’s when breastfeeding rates rapidly declined as infant food companies began to expand their markets into developed countries. Nestle was first charged with the allegations by the Pan American Health Organization, beginning the start of this ongoing, international boycott. Then in 1974, a 28-page report published by the Third World Working Group called “Nestle Kills Babies,” suggested that because of their unethical and immoral selling practices, Nestle was a major contributor to the death of Third World infants. Because of these allegations, the Infant Formula Coalition charged Nestle on multiple allegations. Many of the charges that Nestle faced revolved around the fact that their advertising and promotion tactics for infant formula discouraged breast feeding and encouraged Third World mothers that bottle feeding was “the fashionable thing to do.” Because these mothers were not properly educated on how to use these products, infants in these countries either became malnourished or died. The infant formula must be mixed with water...
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...NESTLE-THE INFANT FORMULA CONTROVERSY CASE BRIEF For over 20 years, Nestlé has been directly and indirectly charged with involvement in the death of Third World infants Most of the charges alleged due to discouraging breast feeding among Third World mothers Misuse of the products, thus contributing to infant malnutrition and death Nestle sought clarifications from UNICEF and WHO so as to identify the immaculate measures THE RESPONSIBILITIES Be involved in baby friendly campaigns Create breast feeding awareness Create awareness pertaining to usage instructions for the formula Continue their efforts on social responsibility Reposition themselves in the market Reduce pushing sales through channels like hospitals Have a cut on giving free samples ACCUSATION AVOIDANCE Understand the country’s culture Support breastfeeding and its benefits Encourage using formula for special situations only Analyse health hazards and implications of the formula A STEP FOR THE FUTURE Understand tradition, life style, economic status, natural conditions of the host country Conduct studies about the possible medical implications Involve in morality rather than bottom line increase DECISION TO MARKET THE RD FORMULA IN 3 WORLD COUNTRIES Marketing techniques used: Free samples given Mass marketing to general public Nearly all of these advertisements depicted healthy white babies being fed by the formula. Pushing sales through hospitals and maternity wards by dumping the formula Marketed...
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...I would recommend the 23-year-old woman to breastfeed her newborn because there are many benefits for both the mother and the baby. It is said that breast milk is the best nourishing milk for newborns. Breast milk contains many vitamins and minerals that newborns need. Breastfeeding can help the baby against many chronic conditions. For example, it helps lower the risk of the infant from getting ear infections, diarrhea, meningitis, diabetes, and sudden infant death syndrome (“Breastfeeding vs. Formula Feeding,” n.d.). It also protects the baby from having asthma and allergies. Many families have trouble finding a formula for the baby that doesn’t cause constipation, but the breast milk makes it easier for the baby to digest it. On the other...
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...international boycott for allegedly causing mass deaths of babies in the third world all because of their irresponsible advertising approach and marketing activities. To appreciate better the problem here are some of the significant events of the controversy. * 1974- British journalist published a report that suggested that powdered formula manufacturers contributed to the death of third world infants by hard-selling their products to people incapable of using them properly. * Nestle immediately banned its infant formula advertisement in some markets. * 1977- Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility in New York compiled a case against formula feeding in developing nations, and the Third World Institute launched a boycott against many Nestle products. * 1978- Nestle implements total advertisement ban worldwide. * 1981- World Health Organization drafts a CODE to regulate advertising and marketing of infant formula. * May 1981- Nestle announces it would support the Code. * February 1982- Nestle issued to Marketing personnel to follow the Code to their best understanding. * May 1982- Nestle formed Nestle Infant Formula Audit Commission (NIFAC) to review the company’s instruction to field personnel to determine if they could be improved to better implement the Code. * October 1982- Nestle accepted NIFAC recommendation and issued revised instruction to field personnel. * January 25, 1984- International Nestle Boycott Committee (INBC) announced...
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...sale of infant feeding formula to incapable mothers. In this case, Nestle was accused of hard-selling their products to mothers in Third World countries who were incapable of the proper use of the products, and encouraging them to use powdered milk formulas as a substitute for breastfeeding. As a result, the increased use of the product caused malnutrition and mass deaths of babies in developing countries. The controversy began to arise in the 1960’s when breastfeeding rates rapidly declined as infant food companies began to expand their markets into developed countries. Nestle was first charged with the allegations by the Pan American Health Organization, beginning the start of this ongoing, international boycott. Then in 1974, a 28-page report published by the Third World Working Group called “Nestle Kills Babies,” suggested that because of their unethical and immoral selling practices, Nestle was a major contributor to the death of Third World infants. Because of these allegations, the Infant Formula Coalition charged Nestle on multiple allegations. Many of the charges that Nestle faced revolved around the fact that their advertising and promotion tactics for infant formula discouraged breast feeding and encouraged Third World mothers that bottle feeding was “the fashionable thing to do.” Because these mothers were not properly educated on how to use these products, infants in these countries either became malnourished or died. The infant formula must be mixed with water...
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...Formula One Motor Racing In 1997/1998 Formula One’s popularity was at an all time high and two years prior the Federation Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA) had granted Bernie Ecclestone F1’s commercial rights. Ecclestone had sought these rights in order to safeguard his own investments in the digital TV infrastructure technology that was being developed. He was so confident in the technology; he had invested over $100 million through family-owned companies towards R&D. Ecclestone believed that multichannel broadcasting with interactive technology would create a new revenue stream, improve F1’s global appeal, and support his planned initial public offering (IPO). Formula One’s IPO never took place. During this same time period the European Union began an antitrust investigation, claiming the FIA had exercised monopoly power by giving one company exclusive broadcasting rights. Considering so much of F1’s profits come from TV revenue, Ecclestone had to cancel the IPO due to the pending legal case and instead opted for a bond issuance that raised $1.4 billion for his family trust. Taking a company public through the IPO process or financing through a bond issuance, have many advantages and disadvantages for a business. IPO’s provide companies the opportunity to raise capital to grow the business by offering investors an ownership stake in the company without impacting its debt-to-equity ratio. The Juner case is a perfect example of a company decided to go public...
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...Case 1 Nestle: The Infant Formula Controversy Background Nestle, among other companies that market infant formulas, has been the focus of attack from different groups. The source of this controversy sprang from the number of deaths of babies from Third World countries that are alleged to have been the result of aggressive advertising of the Nestle infant formula. Nestle stands by its position that it has been responsible in its product marketing stressing, among other things, that (1) it has never advocated bottle feeding instead of breast feeding and (2) that the infant formula has a vital role in proper infant nutrition as a supplement. Nevertheless, Nestle adopted measures to address the concerns of different groups, like WHO, by discontinuing its mass media advertising of infant formula, carrying out comprehensive health education programs, and supported the WHO code. By late 1990s, Nestle was again accused of continuously violating the WHO code and concerned groups have called for the boycott of Nestle products. By 2001, the HIV crisis in certain parts of the world, like South Africa, has caused a shift in preference from breast feeding to infant formula. Consequently, Nestle faces the challenge of addressing such high demand. Finally, Nestle, as an MNC, carries new responsibilities that comes along with marketing its products like participating in the fight against HIV and AIDS especially in developing countries. Problem Statement Taking into account the social...
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