...Problem Formulation CRJS430 Unit 1 Discussion Board January 9, 2013 There are many ways to define research, and each is unique. Research is an organized process in which an individual is able to educate themselves by searching and obtaining information on a specific subject matter. Research consists of numerous steps, from problem formulation to a presentation of findings to a tentative conclusion. In order to successfully obtain as much accurate information as possible, you must ask yourself questions throughout your researching process. Three of these questions are vital: What are the issues that are present, or what events were occurring at the time? What is the relationship between 2 or more variables that may have created the problem? What measures determine whether one or more variables created the problem? By answering each of these questions, you will be able to widen your perspective on the topic, which allows you to use resources that you may not have originally considered. Problem formulation can be simply described as the steps prior to forming a hypothesis. It is a plan for collecting and utilizing data in order to gain the information that is needed to reach any amount of knowledge being sought regarding the subject. Problem formulation is important for numerous reasons, the vital being that the problem is the ‘foundation’ of a research study. When the problem is formulated well, you can expect to have a good study (Problem formulation, 2006). Problem...
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...Research Process and Terminology Paper 334 CJA June 13, 2011 Research Process and Terminology Terminology in any profession is key to understanding what is being done and why. Many professions have their own way or methods of research. Not knowing the proper terminology can affect one’s job. One’s that know the terminology and methods have a wide range throughout their job when evaluating and analyzing research. Research is the process of collecting and analyzing information, and includes any gathering of data, information, and facts for the advancement of knowledge. Once the professional has become familiar with the terminology used in the research process, the professional will be able to provide technical reports, academic concepts, and provide the discoveries of his or her research. When does research process begin? It begins with problem formulation. Problem formulation is to review, selection, and specification of the area to be investigated. Researchers organize research by formulating and defining a research problem, which is the main issue of the research in most cases. Before attempting to solve a problem, researchers must first define the problem as in any problem. The more difficult it is to define the problem, the harder he or she has to try. Once the problem formulation is complete, researchers can stay focused on the research process. Second is research design. Research designs are the type of experimental or non-experimental...
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...Hours | 30 | Contact Details | 09811033937 | Course eMail | r.s.reaches@gmail.com | Course Descriptor Course Overview(200 words) | Quantitative Methods-II, focuses on ‘Operations Research’ tools which helps in solving problems in different functional domain of business. It also helps to optimize business operations/processes. The Quantitative Method-II tools act as aids to decision makers to take best decision for effective & efficient use of resources which ultimately lead to profit maximization or to achieve multiple goals or objective. | Course must be aligned with a strategic objective of the program Prerequisites/Co-requisites | Quantitative Methods I | Learning Objectives | To learn basic optimization techniques and their managerial applications with a focus on methodologies such as Linear Programming, Transportation models, Assignment Models, Transhipment Models, Games Theory, Queuing Models, Goal Programming, Integer Programming, Non-linear Programming, Simulation and Decision Theory. | Learning objectives must be aligned with learning outcomes of the course Teaching Methods | Modeling, Case study, Software-based solutions | Refer academic policies and procedures handbook For Internal Use Only Session Plan* | SESSION-1: Overview on Operations Research modelling (OR modelling): meaning, definition, steps involved in OR modelling; Session-2: Overview on Linear Programming (LP): LP meaning, various applications,...
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...2013-06-25 Optimization Using Simulation of the Vehicle Routing Problem International Science Index Vol:7, No:6, 2013 waset.org/Publication/15351 Nayera E. El-Gharably, Khaled S. El-Kilany, and Aziz E. El-Sayed Keywords—Discrete event system simulation, optimization using simulation, vehicle routing problem. points or require a solution to be found quickly. Computational time on the fastest computers for optimization methods has been too long for many practical problems. Cognitive, heuristic, or combination heuristic-optimization solution procedures have been good alternatives [8]. The aim of this work is threefold; to present a new mathematical formulation of the VRP problem that uses fewer decision variables, to show how to model the TSP problem as a discrete event simulation model, and to employ the developed simulation model in finding the optimum/near optimum solution of the problem. This paper is organized as follows: in Section II, the basic concepts of VRP and the solution techniques found in literature will be briefly discussed. In Section III, proposed problem formulations will be presented followed by the simulation model development and optimization using simulation in sections IV and V. Finally, in section VI, the conclusions drawn from this work are presented. I. INTRODUCTION II. LITERATURE REVIEW HE vehicle routing problem (VRP) is one of the most intensively studied problems in operations research, and this is due to its structural charm as well as practical...
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...the rules and regulations in order to protect the consumers, patients and employees. In every hospital, doctor’s offices, therapy clinics, etc, there will always be certain protocol of running a successful and thriving business. A certain point in time where these policies were made, there was a process to developing a policy for a particular business. All companies, corporation, or business will have policies set in place. This holds true for the foundation for AIDS/HIV. While putting together certain regulation for research groups, this foundation also has to follow each step in the policy process. Coming up with that policy was a process and throughout this paper we will discuss the policy process and what it takes to ensure the write policy has been made to protect the company, consumers and all of its employees. The policy process has certain steps that have to be taken before having a successful outcome. These important steps are as follows: The formulation stage, the legislative stage and the implementation stage. Throughout this paper we will discuss in detail what each step of the policy process consists of, as well as give examples for each step. Also, while discussing how the AIDS/HIV foundation has to follow the same steps while searching for cures. Although, the policy process is made up of many steps, there are only a few main steps to receiving a successful policy. Each step in the policy process can prove to take a lengthy amount...
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...MODULE 3 | | |THE RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES | | | |I. Objectives: | | | |Define and explain the meaning of the related literatures and related studies. | |Enumerate and discuss the importance, purposes, and functions of Related Literature and Studies | |Enumerate and discuss the characteristics of Related Literature and Studies | |Enumerate and identify sources of Related Literature and Studies ...
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...The Policy Process: Formulation, Legislation and Implementation Jackie Crawford HCS/455 December-21-2015 James Mc Manus The Policy Process: Formulation, Legislation and Implementation To start the policy process, the issue the policy was created for must be identified, as well as the policies holding the answer to the problem. Stakeholders and researchers will consider the idea to find if the policy will reach agenda making policy. Policies must be used to improve the health and wellbeing of society. The Unite States (US), the formulation of new policy’s that require public health related plans and come from local, state, or federal legislations the govern ruling that covers health and regulations. I will discuss the stages and how the topic becomes a policy. Objective of Policy In the United States (US), for many women, they will experience some form extreme violence in their lifetime, with approximately 27% of women reporting uninvited sexual contact. “At the end of 2011, 23% of all people living with HIV in the United States were women Black/African American and Hispanic/Latina women continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV, compared with women of other races/ethnicities” CDC, (2015). The report has estimated 36% of all US women, have experienced and reported intimate partner violence (IPV), physical violence, rape, and stalking. Women are living with HIV, are reporting the prevalence of IPV, at 55% reported by women with HIV. Additionally, further trauma...
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...Transportation Problem Re-cap of linear programming, Classic transportation problem, LP formulation, Solution using MS Excel Text: BRS 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 Class 2: Transportation Problem (cont.) Basic feasible solution of TP, properties, Analysis of Excel output, Sensitivity analysis Text: BRS 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 Class 3: Transshipment problem Formulation of LP model, different variations (unbalanced case, combining with production scheduling, multi-modal and multi-SKU transportation), Conversion of transshipment model into classic transportation model. Text: BRS 5.4, 5.5 Class 4: Assignment problem Binary ILP formulation, solution by Hungarian method Text: BRS 5.6 Class 5: Network models Shortest path problem, Minimal spanning tree Text: BRS 5.8, 5.9 Class 6: Game theory Introduction to game theory: Types of game, Two person zero-sum game, concept of saddle point, dominance rule Text: WW 14.1, 14.2 Class 7: Game theory (contd.) Mixed startegy, Linear programming formulation Text: WW 14.2, 14.3 Class 8: Mid-term Test Class 9: Markov chain Introduction to stochastic processes, markov chains, transition probability matrix, steadystate probabilities. Text: Handouts and WW 17.1, 17.2, 17.3 Class 10: Decision theory Decision making under uncertainty, Decision criteria, Decision Tree Text: BRs 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.6 Class 11: Decision theory (contd.) Decision making under risk, EVPI, EVSI Text: 8.5, 8.8, 8.9 Class 12: Travelling Salesman Problem Optimization model formulation, solution approaches...
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...Formulation of the Research Problem Pamela Kerr, Mary "Jo" Manning, Michael Stauthmer, and Nichole Turgeon QNT/561 Formulation of the Research Problem Research problems are best suited when formulated in a chronological fashion. No rule exists when it comes to the formation of a research problem, but implementing in a logical manner will assist in obtaining the chosen problem, objectives and research questions (McClave, Benson, & Sincich, 2011). Learning Team D will identify an organization and pinpoint an independent and dependent variable based on the organization. Furthermore, the team will develop a scenario, including background, a business problem, and a research problem based on the identified variables. In addition, they will cultivate a hypothesis based on the research question. Identify an Organization At Salus Hospital, CEO Todd Suntrapack’s is responsible for ensuring continued profitability while operating within the fiscal budget. Salus recently conducted a review of their year to date performance and found cuts are necessary to align the hospital with the budget. As a result, Salus Hospital must lay off some employees to stay within budgetary constraints. Independent Variable An independent variable is an isolated variable. Typically in research, only one or two independent variables exist. This limits confusion of data (Shuttleworth, n.d.). Team D is concerned with the correlation between an employee’s age and Salus layoffs. Employee age...
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...Decisions in Paradise, Part I Mary.L.Haught February 4, 2011 Instructor Jamie Welch The organization of the hospital of Marietta is going to put a hospital in Kava and Nik will be manager there. I will be discussing the complex solving technique by defining the issues that appear in this business scenario. Also I will discuss the forces that are involved in the formulation of the problem in Kava. Also by using the problem formulation tool’s and techniques. I will be describing the organizational and environmental obstacles in a way that considers various key stakeholders that will be impacted by the decisions made in Kava. There will be applying critical thinking in the decision making process. The Marietta Memorial Hospital has asked Nik to be manager in Kava at the hospital the organization wants to build there. Nik will have to transfer there and stay until the hospital is built and good doctors are hired and employees are hired and everything is in operating condition. Of course Nik will have to keep an upper hand of the cost coming in and going out. Nik will have to keep costs at a minimal to keep the project in Kava functioning. There will be a minimal amount of staff until there is income coming in for the hospital and when it starts to show better profit then reevaluate the staffing issues for more employees. Nik will need to educate Kava and surrounding areas of what the hospital has to offer and what they will be able to do for the people there in Kava....
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...Nik, and your current employer is the organization represented by Alex, Nik, and Chris. You will also use the mission of your current organization to assist you in decision making in discussing this business scenario. There are three phases to this assignment which will be cumulative, meaning that each part will build upon the next. You will use this paper and feedback from your instructor as input to improve your Week Four and Week Five assignments. The three deliverables for this project are: Week Three: Decisions in Paradise Paper, Part I Week Four: Decisions in Paradise Paper, Part II Week Five: Decisions in Paradise Paper, Part III Learning Team Instructions Individual Decisions in Paradise, Part I Begin working on your Problem Formulation and Identification Presentation due in Week Four. Beginning in Week Three and for the remainder of the course, you will be working with the Decisions in Paradise Business Scenario where you...
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...Fall/Winter 2013 13BMKT17H | Marketing Research | 13BMKT17H | Marketing Research | Module Leaders: Dr Aida Nakhla Ms Ahella El Saban Module Leaders: Dr Aida Nakhla Ms Ahella El Saban Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………… Section 1: Problem Recognition………………………………………….. 1.1-Problem Recognition…………………………………………………………… 1.2- New Coke Problem Recognition……………………………….……….. 1.3- Critical Analysis on New Coke…………………………………………… Section 2: Know the Approach……………………………………………….. 2.1- Research Approach…………………………………………………………… 2.2-New Coke Research Approach…………………………………………… 2.3- Critical Analysis on New Coke…………………………………………… Section 3: Research Design and Formulation………………………….. 3.1- Research Design and Formulation……………………………………... 3.2- New Coke Research Design………………………….………………….... 3.3- Critical Analysis on New Coke…………………………………………….. Section 4: Data Collection………………………………………………………. 4.1- Data Collection…….……………………………………………………………. 4.2- New Coke Data Collection..……………………………………………….. 4.3- Critical Analysis on New Coke…………………………………………….. Section 5: Analysis of Data……………………….………………………………. 5.1- Analysis of Data………………………………………………………………… 5.2- New Coke Analysis of Data………………..………………………………….. 5.3- Critical Analysis on New Coke………….…………………………………….. Bibliography………………………….………………………………………..……. Introduction The birth of Coca Cola all started out in 1889, when original founder of the formula John Pemberton had developed the...
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...Fundamentals of Research Paper This paper will discuss the fundamentals of research and how it can be applied in the field of human services. Example of scientific methods related to the human services will also be provided. A brief description explaining the differences of quantitative research and qualitative research models and how they relate to field of human services and the scientific method will also be given. Also the concerns of quantitative and quality research methodology will be addressed. A brief summary of how scientifically sound researches supports the function of a human services manager will be discussed as well. According to dictionary.com scientific methods is defined as a method of research in which a problem is identified, relevant data are gathered, a hypothesis if formulated from these data, and the hypothesis is empirically tested (dictornary.com). In other words scientific methods are steps that researchers follow in order to test, acquire, and describe different options during the planning stage. Research is needed in the human service field. Let say that there is a large rapid increase child abuse or homeliness, the rapid increase requires results to the question of why the rapid increase. By the use of research the answer to these questions can be answered by the collection of data, observation, and experiment can offer assistance in the field of human services. Scientific inquiry is a way to investigate...
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...Literature review of strategy implementation and strategy process frameworks Introduction Great strategies are worth nothing if they cannot be implemented (Okumus and Roper 1999). It can be extended to say that better to implement effectively a second grade strategy than to ruin a first class strategy by ineffective implementation. Less than 50% of formulated strategies get implemented (Mintzberg 1994; Miller 2002; Hambrick and Canella 1989). Every failure of implementation is a failure of formulation. The utility of any tool lies in its effective usage and so is the case with strategy. Strategy is the instrument through which a firm attempts to exploit opportunities available in the business environment. The performance of a firm is a function of how effective it is in converting a plan into action and executing it. Thus implementation is the key to performance, given an appropriate strategy. In literature, implementation has been defined as “the process by which strategies and policies are put into action through the development of programs, budgets and procedures” (Wheelan and Hunger pp15). This involves the design or adjustment of the organisation through which the administration of the enterprise occurs. This includes changes to existing roles of people, their reporting relationships, their evaluation and control mechanisms and the actual flow of data and information through the communication channels which support the enterprise (Chandler 1962; Hrebiniak and Joyce...
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...recommended plan of action for Ramkumar’s proposal Enclosed is [the] report detailing the decision to be taken regarding Dr. Ramkumar’s proposal that Indian Medical (Siddha) College should file for patent of new drug, for treatment of atherosclerosis. I recommend that Patent is taken [use filed instead of taken] and [a] one-time fee for license-transfer for production of drugs is opted. Sincerely, XYZ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Dr. Ramkumar has [had] approached you with [the] proposal that Indian Medical College should file [a] patent for his discovery of [the] new medicine, [comma not required] for treatment ofAtherosclerosis [spaces should be maintained]. A decision has to be arrived at [by] taking into account IMC’s problems [IMC’s problems have not been specifically stated in the case], [use and here instead of comma since the next point refers to Siddha and not IMC] objectives and also [the] welfare of Siddha [kindly be specific, can use propagation instead of welfare] system along with other factors like faculty motivation. You can opt to reject the proposal or opt to [no need to use opt to here] file the patent and if you opt to file the patent, select the best possible way of using the license obtained from the patent. [Should have given the overview of the options and evaluated them in brief] It is...
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