...The Battle for Baltimore Student’s name Course title Instructor’s name Institution Date of submission Abstract War has been part of conflict resolution whenever other means of conflict resolution fail to produce desired fruits. When considered as the only means of resolving conflict between or among conflicting parties, war only ends after realization of winners and losers. At the end of every war, there is always a solution for any conflicting parties. In that line, this paper will discuss the historical Battle for Baltimore. In so doing, the paper will investigate the cause of the war, its effects to the parties, and winner and loser. Battle for Baltimore People and countries engage in wars due to particular sets of differences and misunderstandings. Some of the misunderstandings that lead to war are avoidable through other forms of negotiation without necessarily having to go to actual war. Countries and people tend to lose a lot of property and resources whenever they engage in any form of physical wars. It is for the reason that some countries and people struggle to avoid and stay away from any practices and events that may predispose them to wars. Battle for Baltimore fought in 1814 in America is one such war that saw momentous compulsion of Americans to take part even after struggling to avoid and ignore anything that would lead them into war. The Battle for Baltimore fought between USA and British in 1814 was...
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...Fort McHenry is located in Baltimore, Maryland. Fort McHenry was once known as a fort to protect the soldiers in Baltimore from the British. The five-pointed star structure was made to have as few as five men in each corner of the fort. Fort McHenry was also known as the place where the Star Spangled Banner was written by Francis Scott Key. Although that is not the only reason why Fort McHenry has such great significance. Fort McHenry was built on the site of the late Fort Whetstone, which was a fort that defended Baltimore from 1776 to 1797. Fort Whetstone sat on Whetstone Point peninsula, which sticks out into the opening of Baltimore Harbor. Frenchman Jean Foncin designed the fort in 1798, and it was built between 1798 and 1800. The new fort's purpose was to better the defenses of the increasingly important Port of Baltimore from future enemy attacks. The new fort was built in the form of a five-pointed star surrounded by a dry, wide ditch. The ditch would be used as a shelter for the infantry who might have to defend the fort from a land attack. In case of such an attack like this, each point, or guard could provide a crossfire of cannon and gunfire.Fort McHenry was named after James McHenry, a Scots-Irish settler and surgeon-soldier....
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...nation!” Originally, the man who wrote these words was disgusted by the fact that America was battling Britain once again, but seeing the perseverance and dedication of the American people inspired him to write these beautiful words. When the Battle of Baltimore occurred, it’s everlasting effect is a crucial aspect of U.S.’s success. As a result of the battles, the Treaty of Ghent established the United states dominance, and gained much respect from U.S. citizens and those in other countries. In the August and September of 1814, The Battle of Baltimore was fought between the British and American naval and ground forces. The British quickly invaded the capitol of Washington D.C. on August...
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...Francis Scott Key was the author of The Star-Spangled Banner. In 1814, Key wrote a poem about what he observed during the Fort McHenry battle. The first time the poem was published was in Baltimore newspapers and spread along the East coast in seventeen other newspapers. Also, in 1916 Woodrow Wilson declared it to be the national anthem of the armed forces. Although it wasn’t until March of 1931 for the poem, originally called “The Defence of Fort McHenry”, to be announced as America’s national anthem, “The Star-Spangled Banner.” The song is a symbol of national pride and we continue to sing this to show our nation’s endurance through the war. The song was first performed in 1889 by the United States Navy during a ceremony that lowered and raised the flag. The first public performance was on October 19, 1814. A Baltimore theater, known as the “Old Drury,” performed the song after a play. The United States Marine Band played the anthem publicly in 1890. The U.S. Army and U.S. Military Academy at West Point both...
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...Oliver H. Perry Served in the war of 1812 and earned the title of "Hero of Lake Erie" for leading American forces in a decisive naval victory at the Battle of Lake Erie. Battle of Lake Erie Fought on September 10, 1813 in Lake Erie during the War of 1812; 9 vessels from the US Navy defeated and captured 6 vessels of Great Britain's Royal Navy; ensured American control of the lake and allowed Americans to recover Detroit and win the Battle of the Thames to break the Indian confederation of Tecumseh; biggest naval battle of the War of 1812. Burning of DC August 24,1814 (during the War of 1812); British Army occupied Washington DC and set fire to many public buildings following the American defeat at the Battle of Bladensburg; Facilities of the...
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...During a time period between 1803-1812 British sailors had been tormenting American ships on the high seas. British captains would eventually take over and capture over 10,000 American citizens to man British ships. In June of 1807, three miles off the coast of Virginia, an American ship named the Chesapeake was commanded by a British ship named the Leopard to be boarded. When the Chesapeake refused to cooperate, the Leopard fired, killing three and wounding eighteen. This humiliated the United States and its people. The anti-British frame of mind was in full swing on the eve of the upcoming election. In 1812, James Madison was elected President of the United States. Aggressive southern frontiersman known as the Warhawks dominated Congress. The group included Kentuckian Henry Clay as Speaker of the house and South Carolinian John C. Calhoun. These men and others rejected Thomas Jefferson’s strategy of peaceful coercion. These speakers could ignite a crowd and stir up aggressiveness towards the British. They would talk of the humiliation and how America shouldn’t have to put up with it. They were pressuring Madison to do something. Congress wanted Madison to invade Canada and attack the Indians who had been tormenting homes on the frontier. Madison finally succumbed to their wishes and declared war on the British June 1, 1812. The timing of his actions seemed odd as over the last few months actions against each country seemed to have been at ease. There had been...
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...With the fort being our only protection against the british, we did not stand a chance. England brought down full wrath on up, with thousands of more men than us, two mile range cannons, rockets, and more new technology, an American defeat would be easy to achieve. Scott Francis Key, a negotiator, saw from the outside of the fort, that throughout the night the U. S. flag remained in the air throughout the night and at dawn. The british, the highest army at the time, had been defeated by a country founded by hope. Key then wrote “The Star Spangled Banner” based on our persistence, bravery, and how we rose out of the fight unharmed. The poem captures all that Americans believe in, which is freedom, liberty, respect, bravery, persistence, and miracles. “In God we trust” originated from the poem, and became our motto due to the fact that the United States had no chance at survival, however, there was a miracle, and the only explanation of our victory against England was heaven’s power. “Praise the pow'r that hath made and preserv’d us a nation!” (Keys, 1814).The Monroe Doctrine created a peaceful environment for us to adjust to our official freedom and...
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...August however, advancing British army with the aid of American Indians under the leadership of Chief Tecumseh led to the retreat of Hull back to Detroit. Continuous bombardment made him decide to abandon the fort. - The British who were at first reluctant to initiate battle with the United States, finally turns its military attention to the United States after their win against the French. - Americans were successful in taking over Lake Ontario, allowing them with raiding and burning of York (now Toronto), the capital of Canada. - Oliver Hazard Perry, who dispersed a British fleet at Put-In Bay on September 10th 1813 allowed Americans to gain control of Lake Erie. - On October 5th, William Henry Harrison led troops up the Thames River into Canada. The attack was victorious with the death of General Tecumseh. - In retaliation of Indian attacks, Andrew Jackson and his men took revenge at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, slaughtering Indian warriors, women and children. - The British armada advances to Washington, defeating American troops in Bladensburg, and then continued to Washington, burning buildings including the white house in retaliation to the earlier burning of York. - The British continues on to Baltimore, with intentions of invading fort McHenry. The invasion was unsuccessful and it was during...
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...The War of 1812 In the War of 1812, the United States took on the greatest naval power in the world: Great Britain. The War of 1812 played a very important role in the molding of America as a nation, consisting of many battles, courageous leaders, and victory. The War of 1812 had an immense impact on the young nation’s future and was celebrated in the United States as “the second war of independence”. (“War of 1812” 1) The starting of this war had multiple causes. One of the causes of the war was that the Royal Navy outraged Americans by its practice of impressment, or removing seamen from U.S. merchant vessels and forcing them to serve on behalf of the British. Form 1803 to 1812, the British impressed some 6,000 American sailors. (“War of 1812 Timeline” 1) Another big cause of the war was that the British and the French were interfering with America’s trade system. Britain and France were both in conflict with each other and in an attempt to cut off supplies from reaching the enemy, both sides attempted to block the United States from trading with the other. From 1803 to 1807, the British seized 528 U.S. flag ships and France seized 206. One other cause was that Britain was encouraging Native Americans who were residing in America to revolt and turn hostile toward Americans. There were many incidents building up that fueled to the start of the War of 1812. First, there was the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair on June 22, 1807. This was the event in which the U.S...
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...The War of 1812 is one of the forgotten wars of the United States. The war lasted for over two years, and while it ended much like it started: in a stalemate. The invasive actions of the United States failed in almost every attempt to capture Canada. On the other hand, the British army was successfully stopped when it attempted to capture Baltimore and New Orleans. The primary causes of the war were England’s refusal to restrict trading with America, conflict with the Indians, and America’s ambition to expand. The results, however, did not reflect the desired outcome of the Indians, British, nor the Americans. In an effort to prevent any incidents that might cause America to go to war, Jefferson passed the Embargo in 1807, which created a "serious depression throughout most of the nation". Congress then passed the Non-Intercourse Act in 1809, opening trade all countries but England and France. A year later the Non-Intercourse expired, and Macon’s Bill 2 was put into effect. Macon’s Bill 2 allowed free commercial trade with the British and the French, but authorized President Madison to prohibit trade if either of the two nations violated neutral shipping. Napoleon agreed to the terms in an effort to persuade America to reestablish the Embargo against England. His efforts succeeded when the British failed to repeal a blockade on Europe on schedule. Tensions between Great Britain and America then grew beyond peace. After the revolution and the Louisiana Purchase, the settlers...
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...How the United States sought dominance over the North American continent through a variety of means, including military actions, judicial decisions, and diplomatic efforts(pp. 226-232; 241-246) The War of 1812 The offensive strategy against Canada was poorly conceived. British Canadian captured the American fort of Michilimackinac, which commanded the upper Great Lakes and the Indian-inhabited area to the south and west. Isaac Brock: A British general led the British Canadians The American navy more skillfully handled, had better gunners, and were manned by non-pressgang crews the American frigates had thicker sides, heavier firepower, and larger crews Oliver Hazard Perry: An American naval officer, managed to build a fleet of green-timbered...
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...which the Star Spangled Banner as the national anthem came into question. In the 1960’s during the Vietnam War, questions arose as to whether or not that United States should change the national anthem. It would seem that the question of the national anthem comes to mind during times of war, when American patriotism is at a high point. This leads to the question of which song should replace the current anthem. Many quality songs can easily replace the Star Spangled Banner. However, this article will only focus on the first verses of three songs: The Star Spangled Banner, God Bless America, and America the Beautiful. First, it is important to understand how these songs came to be. Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner in 1814 while standing aboard a British ship watching while the...
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...The war against England was declared in 1812. The U.S had a series of victories, including the battles of Lake Champlain and Lake Erie as well as victories against the Indians. Lake Erie was a bigger victory than Lake Champion because in this battle the Americans refused to give up, their passion pulled them through leaving a substantial amount of bloodshed for the British. One of the battles during this war, lead Francis Scott Key to create, what people sing all around the United States today, the Star-Spangled Banner. The Star-Spangled Banner started off as a poem and evolved to be our nation's national anthem. This song is sung before sporting events, in schools, and in bad times. I remember learning this song in elementary school and I know children still learn it in their education today. The battle in which he wrote the poem happened in Baltimore, Maryland. Before the British arrived at Fort McHenry, they previously burned down the home of President Madison, just barely letting him escape. The British should have saved their soldiers and time because they wound up losing the battle anyway. As of 1814, the United States won more battles during the...
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...War of 1812 A war that defined North America The war of 1812, a war between the United States and Great Britain allies(United Kingdom and The Canadas ), lasted for two and a half years(1812-1815). It was a story similar to rags to riches, how the developing young nation United states had proved that its not an underdog any more opposing the then super power Great Britain, the greatest naval power of the world. It was a story that tells us why the ‘Father of U.S constitution’ James Madison is remembered for something else as well. It was a story that tells how a country earned respect and why winning is not everything and loosing is not the end. It tells us a story of how the not-so-popular Canada has fought for its independence. After all, it is not a story at all. The U.S army suffered many terrible loses in the war which includes the capture and burning of their nation’s capital Washington D.C, but not before giving up a tough fight and repulsing the British forces in New York, Baltimore and New Orleans. Though the war ended with many unsolved questions even after signing Treaty of Ghent, it is celebrated as a “second war of Independence” in United States. Cause of the war: The reasons behind a war can never be known to anyone accurately except the one who started it. Historians tried to find the complex reasons and multiple factors behind the decision of war. Out of the few immediate...
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...One night in the early fall of 1814, the governmental buildings of America were intensely engulfed in flames. The destruction of the nation’s capital beckoned the British troops to advance into Baltimore, and lead 25 hours of bombardments. With each explosion, the sky lit in red glares. An American lawyer, Francis Scott Key, was held captive within one of Britain’s naval vessels, inquisite to the outcome of the war in his mother country’s favor. The following day, through the bomb’s wavering fog, the American flag flew over the fortress. Inspired by his country’s victory, Key wrote the lines to “The Star-Spangled Banner”, the national anthem of the United States of America. Francis Scott Key was born on August 1st, 1779, in Frederick County, Maryland, United States of America. Key was of a wealthy and reverent upbringing. He grew up with his family on their estate, the Terra Rubra. Key nearly joined the Episcopal priesthood, the church of England succeeded in the American colonies. Alternatively, influenced by his judge of a father, he studied to become a lawyer. Key passed the bar examinations and proceeded as a lawyer in his private practice. He regularly appeared before the U.S. Supreme Court during his earlier times as a legal representative. In 1804, he and his wife, Mary Tayloe Lloyd, moved and settled into their...
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