...AND HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY YEAR: Table of content Page no INTRODUCTION This essay will compare and contrast the community psychology and public health approaches to social problems. It will start by giving the historical development of the community psychology and public health; and then state the differences and similarities of both the approaches to social problems and how they supplement and complement each other. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH The community psychology originates from the United Sates of America’s reform movements that occurred from the 1800s to the 1960s. These reform movements amongst others are known as moral movement treatment, mental hygiene, and deinstitutionalization. These movements brought about the changes or further development of the community psychology approach to social problems. The public health constitutes of four regimes and they are known as the Sanitary Science; Social medicine; Community and a new socio- ecological model. These regimes originate from South African over the past fifteen decades. The regimes of Public health are an overlapping development of the public health that eventually came to place in the 1990s. DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES OF THE COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH TO SOCIAL PROBLEMS The community psychology uses four different models to approach social problems and they are as follows: Health model;...
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...How System Model Incorporates The Four Metapradigm Concepts Patricia Cleaves Grand Canyon University -NRS-430V October 21, 2012 How System Model Incorporates the Four Metapradigm Concepts For years, health care profession has increasingly moved toward specialization. Expansion of knowledge, especially in the technical fields, has caused compartmentalized and fragment care (S. & J., 1994) and an increase inability among health care provider to view the client as a whole and unique individual. The purpose of this paper is to explain how the Neuman System model (NSM) incorporates the four metaparadigm concepts. Understanding the NSM Understanding the model is the first step to incorporation of the NSM in any practice setting. There much flexibility in how this can take place, such as providing classes with expert lecturing on the model, sending staff to NSM symposiums holding a series of class in which lecture and discussion focus on various aspect of the NSM or taking the approach used by which team members used the model to develop treatment lived experience quickly and effectively brought the NSM from the level of theory to that of application and allow the team to experience the fit of the model to their institution and individual philosophies.(Neuman, 1989) Interdisciplinary Health care (I HC) The NSM IHC is not new to the health care system; it has gained increasing favor in the environment of health care reform as evidenced by the governmental recommendations...
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...The purpose of this paper is to submit a case study of a single parent facing health choices with limited resources and apply the Health Psychology four key frameworks. Fatima is the young mother who is making the choice to first feed her family and in the process is not addressing her own health symptoms that may put her at risk for serious consequences. In this paper we will look at options in her decision making that may improve both her health and her children’s and improve the family health future. The strategies will be developed from the text of Dr. Jane Ogden in The Psychology of Health and Illness and the Dr. Robert M Kaplan, “Health Psychology: Where Are We And Where Do We Go From Here?” and with the insightful work by Dr. Gabor Mate in When the Body Says NO: Exploring the Stress-Disease Connection Fatima and Health Challenges of a Single Parent...
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...Prepare a weighted scoring model using the template provided on the Moodle to prepare a weighted scoring model using the template provided on the Moodle to evaluate these four projects. Develop at least four criteria, assign weights, assign scores, and then calcite weighted scores. Present spread sheet and bar-chart with the results also write a one page paper describing this weighted scoring model and what the results show | Weight | Recreation and wellness intranet | Health coverage costs business model | Cross selling system | Web enhanced communication system | Team work | 20% | 80 | 85 | 50 | 70 | Customer support | 30% | 90 | 95 | 85 | 80 | Has Good management | 25% | 70 | 90 | 95 | 70 | Level of technology | 25% | 40 | 50 | 90 | 60 | | 100% | 74.5 | 80.5 | 81.75 | 70.50 | Calculations: Weight Score for Recreation and Wellness Intranet Project: 20%*80 + 30%*90 + 25%*70 + 25%*40 = 74.5 Weight Score for Health Coverage Costs Business Model: 20%*85 + 30%*95 + 25%*90 + 25%*50 = 80.50 Weight Score for Cross Selling System: 20%*50 + 30%*85 + 25%*95 + 25%*90 = 81.75 Weight Score for Web Enhanced Communications System: 20%*70 + 30%*80 + 25%*70 + 25%*60 = 70.50 Weighted Score Model provides systematic process for selecting projects based on different criteria...
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...Communities and Active Citizens” document (DOH, 2010). One key area to ensure that care is delivered in a systematic person-centred way is through effective care planning that involves the patient in the process as a key stake holder. Several systematic models to nursing care are available that will facilitate practitioners in ensuring that all needs of the individual are identified and met. This essay will define what is meant by the term “person centred care”, will explore the systematic nursing models of care delivery and will highlight good practice in constructing person-centred care plans. This will be done using examples of an original care plan (constructed by the author for a real patient whose name has been changed) - and will draw upon information and evidence from a range of contemporary sources. It is appropriate in the context of this essay to firstly define a “person”. A person should not be viewed as a mere physiological entity but rather as an intricate composite of characteristics that make up an individual personality (AHMD, 2007). The National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission (2008) stated that person centred care is the first principle for guiding the delivery of health care. It describes this as health care that is responsive to...
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...Applied Health Econometrics Lecture 5 Recap • What is the problem with using OLS in the binary model se>ng? • How can Whites corrected standard errors help in this situa@on? • What is the main difference between logit and probit binary models? • How can we choose between logit and probit binary models? Health produc@on func@ons • Health is a broad concept and is an output or outcome of many health-‐affec@ng variables or inputs. • The produc@on of health involves combining resources (or health inputs) to produce or aIain a desired stock of health in each period of @me given one’s efficiency and other technical constraints. HS = f(HC, LS, BIO, ENV, SES, E) where: • HS = Health status of an individual or popula@on • HC = Health care • LS = A set of lifestyle variables such as diet and exercise • BIO = Biological...
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...CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 2. DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................ 1 2.1. History ............................................................................................................................................... 1 2.2. Focus, involvement and aim ............................................................................................................. 1 2.3. Seat of pathology .............................................................................................................................. 2 2.4. Models .............................................................................................................................................. 2 2.5. Methods of evaluating interventions for long-term success ............................................................. 3 3. CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................. 3 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 4 Monica Fourie Student Number: 45918287 1. PYC4811 Assignment 1: Unique number - 657794 INTRODUCTION “Without a sense of caring, there can be no sense of community.” Anthony J. D'Angelo Since...
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...Health Care Models Analysis Deborah Fleming Grand Canyon University: HCA 515 July 11, 2014 Health Care Models Analysis There are many different health care models that have been proposed throughout the decades. Some models have been successful and many have failed. There are still a few that are being examined today. This paper will explain a hypothetical medical case that is often seen in hospitals. Four different models will demonstrate how this case and patient could benefit if this model was in play. Hypothetical Case: A 67 year old man presents to the ER with a chronic cough and shortness of breath. He denies sputum production from the cough, but admits to a 20-pound weight loss over the past four months. He has a 30-year pack history of smoking and worked in a shipyard for 25 years. His mother died from lung cancer and his father died of heart disease. His medical history includes hypertension and diabetes type 2. He has no history of surgeries or cancers. After studies were completed he was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Medical Model: The medical model will define health as the absence of illness rather then the presence of health. This model uses clinical diagnosis and medical interventions to treat disease and to try to prevent disease with education of medical processes (Shi and Singh 2012). In the patient presented above, the first step would be to obtain a chest x-ray and further tests to concluded the diagnosis of squamous cell...
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...CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM Introduction Health is a right of every human being. Healthy people are a pre-requisite to national development. The department of health uses the life span approach to design programs and assist in the delivery of health services to specific age groups. It views health care of individuals within the context of the family. The term family is defines as the basic unit of the community. All members of the family are empowered to maintain their health status. The health of the family is considered as a whole and not individually. (Cuevas, 2009) In the Philippines, three million pregnancies occur every year, half are unintended, one third of which end in abortions. An estimated eleven mothers die of pregnancy related causes everyday, most of these deaths could have been avoided in a properly functioning health care delivery system. Among the leading direct causes of maternal deaths in the country are: post partum hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, abortion related complications and obstructed labor. Beyond the glaring data of mortality lies a huge toll of ill health and disability due to pregnancy related complications and infant and child deaths and deepening poverty in families where a mother has died. It is estimated that for every maternal death there is at least twenty to thirty other women who suffer from serious complications, some of which are life long. Maternal health conditions are the leading causes of burden of disease among women...
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...Student Number: 44105096 Module: Community and Health Psychology Course Code: PYC4811 Assignment number: 1 Unique number: 657794 Name: Deshni Naidoo Student number :44105096 Community Psychology Vs Public Health Which approach would you choose to promote healthy living.................... Although the main focus of Community Psychology and Public Health centres around ‘prevention’ in order to promote health and wellness, there are also some visible differences as mention in Tutorial Letter 102 for PYC4811 (2015) between the two approaches. Community Psychology originated from mental reform units in the United States of America (Guerina, 1995). There were three influential movements that led to the development of particular types of institutions namely the moral treatment movements (Therapeutic mental hospitals) in the 1800s, the ‘mental hygiene movement’ (Child Guidance Clinics) in the 1900s and deinstitutionalisation (community health centres) in the 1960s (Guerina). Whereas ‘Public health’ is based on the biomedical model of illness, and is practised in most industrialised countries that is South Africa and many other post colonial societies as mentioned in Tutorial Letter 102 for PYC4811 (2015). The ‘New Public Health’ was set in place between 1914-1918, it recognised the importance of social aspects of health problems caused by lifestyles (Hattingh et al ., 2008). As defined by Hattingh et al (2008,P.5) “Public health is the science and art of preventing disease...
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...statement. HLT 324V Week 1 Discussion 2 How does cultural competency occur? What can one do to become culturally aware? Describe an effective approach to using The Purnell Model when working with subcultures (immigration status, gender, political beliefs, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, educational status, etc.). HLT 324V Week 1 Allied Health Community Media Scenario Details: The ability to communicate, interact with different cultures, and think critically is essential in the medical field. The interactive media scenario you will use for this assignment illustrates a situation that could easily arise when working in health care. To complete this assignment: 1. Go to the “Allied Health Community” media link: http://lc.gcumedia.com/hlt307v/allied-health-community/allied-health-community-v1.1.html 2. Click “Enter” to begin. 3. Click on the box that says “SCENARIOS.” 4. Click on “View Scenario” for the “Critical Decision Making for Providers.” 5. Examine how the described problem might happen in your facility and the impact it could have. Work through this situation by examining all of the choices presented in the scenario. 6. When you get to the end of the scenarios, one scenario will have the word “Transcultural” on the top right corner. Click on “Transcultural.” Read the scenario and answer the four questions that are provided. While APA format is not required for this assignment, solid...
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...Betty Neuman Systems Model Polina Kreyman Miami Dade College Betty Neuman Systems Model Throughout the years I have learned about many nursing theories, one that I particularly agree and with is the Betty Neuman System Model Theory. She believed that “Health is a condition in which all parts and subparts are in harmony with the whole of the client”. Betty Neuman divided the systems into four different parts, nursing, person, health and environment. In the first part, Neuman believed that nursing requires a holistic approach, an approach that considers all factors of the client’s health. For example, the clients physical, physiological, psychological, mental social cultural, developmental and spiritual well being. She believed that a nurse must be able to adjust to meet the individual and unique needs of every client. Furthermore, Neuman saw a person as an open system that works together with other parts of its body as it interacts with an environment. Neuman regarded the concept of a person as an individual, family, community or society. In the next approach she focuses on the health as a dynamic of a client. In other words, a persons health depends on upon which state of health continuum they are in line with, the person may be in line with the state of wellness or illness. Disharmonious system reflects illness as a result of unmet needs of a person. The state of health varies according to the degree a person has to environmental forces...
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...for the betterment of the organization but also for the employee to understand the importance of their role in change for the business or organization. Providing better access and resources to health care in Maryland State Correctional Institutions has become a major focus for management. There is a huge lack of services and resources especially in the pretrial division of Maryland State Correctional Institutions. The concern is not just inmate or patient satisfaction but a concern for the safety and health of those responsible for detaining these inmates. This paper will examine the need in Maryland State Correctional Institutions for a change in inmate access to healthcare and healthcare resources especially in the pretrial division. It will also identify factors that will influence changing inmate access to healthcare and summarize those factors that can prepare the organization to this change. A theoretical model that is relative to changing inmate access to healthcare and resources will be identified as well as internal and external resources to assist the change will be explained. Need for changing inmate access to health care in a Pretrial division Currently in the State of Maryland individuals in the control and custody of the Department of Corrections receive health care services through the “Office of Treatment Services” (DPSCS.org, 2013)....
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...TOPIC: A contrast and comparison of community psychology and public health 1. Introduction Community psychology and public health are disciplines that form part of psychology mainly concern with health. Community psychology focuses on physical and mental health promotion, empowerment and social action, while the focus of public health is on health promotion and disease prevention. These two differ in some aspect and also have existing similarities. They can also complement each other have greater impact on community health when integrated. This essay will attempt to reveal the differences, similarities as well as the strength and weakness of these two approaches, it will further conclude by discussing how they complement each other. Firstly a brief overview and historical background will be given for a better understanding. 2. Overview and historical background Community psychology movement developed in the USA, during an era when there was growing concern about both lack of resources and treatment facilities and the impact of social systems on the human psyche (Iscoe& Speilberger, cited in New perspective in community psychology, 2002) In the 1980s it then gained interest in South Africa, in parallel with the struggle for democracy, when psychologist examined the appropriateness’ of Euro-American based psychology. Public health on the other hand was developed during the era of industrial revolution. It was stimulated by unhealthy social conditions in both industrialised...
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...different countries in the field of health is access to care. Needs of health are insufficiently covered by the provision of health services. Several policies have been implemented in this direction. Our present work focuses on the primary health care concept that became the basis for the WHO following the Alma Ata Declaration (1978) that should lead to the goal of health for all. First, we discuss the similarities between models of primary health care described by Carl Taylor and those described by other authors, and then identify the other models described in the literature. Analysis of Carl Taylor on PHC: similitude and contrast Carl Taylor identifies in its analysis on primary health care, four approaches: Community-Oriented Primary health care (COPHC), the Alma Ata Declaration, the Community-based primary health care (CBPHC) and seed-scale. - COPHC: This is an approach that is divided into four phases: the definition and characterization of the community identify health problems of the community, the development of interventions and monitoring the impact of interventions. It is an approach developed from Kark’s experience conducted in South Africa (“Pholela”) and was also presented by Henry Perry in his bibliography. There is a similarity between this approach and the actions of the NGO "SEARCH" and "Tiyatien health". - Alma Ata: Carl Taylor is one of the actors of the conference of Alma Ata whose spirit is to provide “essential health care based on practical,scientifically...
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