...Kara KOWALSKI, Plaintiff–Appellant, v. BERKELEY COUNTY SCHOOLS, a public school district; Manny P. Arvon, II, Superintendent, in his official capacity; Ronald Stephens, Principal, in his official capacity and individually; Becky J. Harden, Vice Principal, in her official capacity and individually; Buffy Ashcraft, cheerleading coach, in her official capacity and individually; Rick Deuell, Assistant Superintendent, in his official capacity, Defendants–Appellees. 652 F.3d 565, 271 Ed. Law Rep. 707 No. 10–1098. Argued: March 25, 2011. Decided: July 27, 2011. Facts: On December 1, 2005, Kara Kowalski, created a MySpace discussion group with the heading “S.A.S.H.” “S.A.S.H.” was an acronym for “Students Against Sluts Herpes.” Although a student who attended Musselman High School, Ray Parsons, stated the “S.A.S.H.’’ acronym stood for “Students Against Shay’s Herpes.” Kowalski invited approximately one hundred people to join her group, “S.A.S.H.,” consisting mostly of Musselman High School students. The school administrators concluded that Kowalski had indeed created the “hate website.” She had violated the school’s policy against “harassment, bullying, and intimidation.” Her punishment was suspension for ten days and was issued a ninety day “social suspension.” This prevented her from attending any extracurricular activity within those ninety days. However, in the end the Assistant Superintendent Rick Deuell reduced her out-of-school suspension to five days...
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...expanded the power of the national government to: • Regulate equal protection to all citizens By enacting fire and building codes, parking regulations, and zoning restrictions, state and local governments are exercising: • Police Powers Rhonda decided to put in a big garden this year, almost all of which was wheat. She wants to grow enough wheat to make bread flour, so that she will have bread for the entire year. She plans to eat all of the bread herself, and believes that the federal government cannot regulate her wheat crop because she is growing it for her own personal use. Is she correct? • no, Rhonda cannot grow and eat her own wheat without being subject to federal regulation under the commerce clause The First Amendment guarantees the right to: • Petition the Government Harley went...
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...Pleadings – are the written statements of the respective claims and the defences of the parties submitted to the court for appropriate judgement. Reply-Plaintiff Kinds of Pleadings 1. Complaint 2. Counterclaim 3. Cross-claim 4. Third, fourth etc.-party complaint 5. Complaint-in-intervention 6. Answer to the pleading 7. Counter-counter claim 8. Counter-cross claim 9. Reply Pleadings includes all papers filed, excluding evidentiary matters, from the complaint down to the judgement. DOCUMENTS ATTACHED to the pleadings and made a part thereof are considered EVIDENCE and also part of the pleadings. COMPLAINT – The complaint is the pleading alleging the plaintiff’s cause or causes of action. The names and residences of the plaintiff and defendant must be stated in the complaint. ANSWER – An answer in a pleading in which a defending party sets forth his defenses. DEFENSES – May either be Negative or Affirmative (a) A NEGATIVE DEFENSE is the specific denial of the material fact or facts alleged in the pleading of the claimant essential to his cause or causes of action. (b) An AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSE is an allegation of a new matter which, while hypothetically admitting the material allegations in the pleading of the claimant, would nevertheless prevent or bar recovery by him. The affirmative defences include fraud, statute of limitations, release, payment, illegality, statute of frauds, estoppel, former recovery, discharge in bankruptcy...
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...BAR EXAMS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2001 GEN TOPIC: RECEIVERSHIP SPECIFIC: REMEDIES Joaquin filed a complaint against Jose for the foreclosure of a mortgage of a furniture factory with a large number of machinery and equipment. During the pendency of the foreclosure suit, Joaquin learned from reliable sources that Jose was quietly and gradually disposing of some of his machinery and equipment to a businessman friend who was also engaged in furniture manufacturing such that from confirmed reports Joaquin gathered, the machinery and equipment left with Jose were no longer sufficient to answer for the latter’s mortgage indebtedness. In the meantime judgment was rendered by the court in favor of Joaquin but the same is not yet final. Knowing what Jose has been doing. If you were Joaquin’s lawyer, what action would you take to preserve whatever remaining machinery and equipment are left with Jose? Why? (5%) SUGGESTED ANSWER: To preserve whatever remaining machinery and equipment are left with Jose, Joaquin’s lawyer should file a verified application for the appointment by the court of one or more receivers. The Rules provide that receivership is proper in an action by the mortgagee for the foreclosure of a mortgage when it appears that the property is in danger of being wasted or dissipated or materially injured and that its value is probably insufficient to discharge the mortgage debt. (Sec. 1 of Rule 59). 2001 GEN TOPIC: WRIT May a writ of preliminary attachment be issued ex-parte...
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...IN THE UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO EASTERN DIVISION IN RE: : CASE NO. 04-60600 : ROY JESSE LISATH, : CHAPTER 7 STEPHANIE MYLO LISATH, : : JUDGE HOFFMAN Debtors. : : SSN: (LAST FOUR DIGITS ONLY) 0486 : SSN: (LAST FOUR DIGITS ONLY) 9643 : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ RODELL RAHMAAN, : Adv. Pro. No. 05-02049 Plaintiff, : vs. : ROY J. LISATH, aka ROY JESSE LISATH,: Defendant. : PLAINTIFF’S RENEWED MOTION FOR DEFAULT JUDGMENT Now comes the Plaintiff, Rodell Rahmaan (hereinafter “Rahmaan”), by and through his undersigned attorney, and respectfully MOVES this Honorable Court for the entry of JUDGMENT BY DEFAULT against the Defendant, Roy J. Lisath, aka Roy Jesse Lisath (hereinafter “Lisath”), for the relief demanded in the Complaint, specifically that any judgment later obtained by Rahmaan upon those claims which are the subject matter of that certain civil action entitled Rodell Rahmaan v. City of Columbus, et al., designated case number C2-02-989, pending in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio, Eastern Division, be DECLARED to be excepted from discharge upon the grounds set forth in 11 U.S.C. §523(a)(6), namely for willful and malicious injury. This Motion renews a Motion for Default Judgment previously served and filed on March 15, 2005, denied without prejudice by...
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...BACKGROUND Because this is an appeal from the denial of a motion for summary judgment, we construe the evidence in the light most favorable to Poe, the non-moving party. See, e.g., Goldberg v. Cablevision Sys. Corp., 261 F.3d 318, 324 (2d Cir.2001). I. Factual Background A. The Filming of the Trooper Candidate Testing Videos At some time during the fall of 1992, several administrative officials of the Connecticut State Police ("CSP") and the Connecticut Department of Administrative Services began to revise the testing procedures for trooper candidates at the CSP Training Academy ("police academy"). Captain Leonard, who had just assumed command of the CSP Bureau of Selections and Training,[1] supervised this ongoing project along with Dr. Martin Anderson ("Dr. Anderson"), the Chief Personnel Psychologist for the State of Connecticut. A particular focus of this project was the development 127*127 of several testing videos, designed to screen out those trooper candidates with poor observational and communicative skills. In essence, trooper candidates would be required to view a videotaped scene of a crime or other representative "real life" scenario that CSP officers typically confront and then to explain what they had observed. As originally planned, the video scenes would include a variety of circumstances: a depiction of a person driving while intoxicated, a man with a weapon who stops and robs a victim, a simple trespass, a "static" crime scene, and a scene with a distraught...
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...Business Law Examination |1. |Describe why or why not an order from the president to raise minimum wage would be permissible. | | |I think raise minimum wage from the president would be permissible. And raising the minimum wage right| | |now is more important than ever. Minimum wage increases stimulate the economy by increasing consumer | | |spending, without adding to state and federal budget deficits. Consumer spending drives 70 percent of| | |the economy, and increasing demand is key for jumpstarting production and re-hiring. A raise in the | | |minimum wage puts money into the pockets of low-income consumers, who immediately spend it at local | | |businesses. The Economic Policy Institute estimates that the Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2013, which | | |would raise the federal minimum wage to $10.10 per hour, would generate $32 billion in new economic | | |activity in communities across the country. Strengthening the minimum wage can help build a | | |sustainable economic recovery – without increasing costs for taxpayers. | | | | |2. |Discuss one of the provisions in the contract that you signed and brought to class, and describe ...
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...(Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2010 Syllabus 1 NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Syllabus SNYDER v. PHELPS ET AL. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT No. 09–751. Argued October 6, 2010—Decided March 2, 2011 For the past 20 years, the congregation of the Westboro Baptist Church has picketed military funerals to communicate its belief that God hates the United States for its tolerance of homosexuality, particularly in America’s military. The church’s picketing has also condemned the Catholic Church for scandals involving its clergy. Fred Phelps, who founded the church, and six Westboro Baptist parishioners (all relatives of Phelps) traveled to Maryland to picket the funeral of Marine Lance Corporal Matthew Snyder, who was killed in Iraq in the line of duty. The picketing took place on public land approximately 1,000 feet from the church where the funeral was held, in accordance with guidance from local law enforcement officers. The picketers peacefully displayed their signs—stating, e.g., “Thank God for Dead Soldiers,” “Fags Doom Nations,” “America is Doomed,” “Priests...
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...ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2007 Remedial Law SUMMER REVIEWER 3. Special Proceedings – remedy by which a party seeks to establish a status, a right, or a particular fact. CIVIL PROCEDURE CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIONS (A) As to nature ORDINARY ACTION Governed by rules. CIVIL ordinary SPECIAL CIVIL ACTION Also governed by ordinary rules but SUBJECT to specific rules prescribed (Rules 62 to 71). Special features not found in ordinary civil actions. RULE 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS Section 1. Title of the Rules The Rules of Court are not penal statutes. They cannot be given retroactive effect. They can, however, be made applicable to cases pending at the time of their passage and therefore are retroactive in that sense. Under the 1987 Constitution, the rule-making power of the Supreme Court has the following limitations: 1. It must provide a simplified and inexpensive procedure for the speedy disposition of cases; 2. Uniform for all courts of the same grade; and 3. Shall not diminish, increase or modify substantive rights (Art: VIII Section 5[5]). Section 2. In what courts applicable Section 3. Cases governed ACTION CLAIM An ordinary suit in a A right possessed by one court of justice. against another. One party prosecutes The moment said claim is another for the filed before a court, the enforcement or claim is converted into an protection of a right or action or suit. QuickT the prevention or redress ime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. of...
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...Skinner v. Oklahoma 1. Skinner v. Oklahoma, 316 U.S. 535 (1942) This case touches a sensitive and important area of human rights. Oklahoma deprives certain individuals of a right that is basic to the perpetuation of a race-the right to have offspring. Oklahoma has decreed the enforcement of its law against petitioner, overruling his claim that it violated the Fourteenth Amendment. Because that decision raised grave and substantial constitutional questions, we granted the petition for certiorari. The statute involved is Oklahoma’s Habitual Criminal Sterilization Act.Petitioner was convicted in 1926 of the crime of stealing chickens and was sentenced to the Oklahoma State Reformatory. In 1929 hewas convicted of the crime of robbery with firearms and was sentenced to the reformatory. In 1934 he was convicted again of robbery with firearms and was sentenced to the penitentiary. He was confined there in 1935 when the Act was passed. In 1936 the Attorney General instituted proceedings against him. Petitioner in his answer challenged the Act as unconstitutional by reason of the Fourteenth Amendment. It is true that the Act has a broad severability clause. But we will not endeavor to determine whether its application would solve the equal protection difficulty. The Supreme Court of Oklahoma sustained the Act without reference to the severability clause. We have therefore a situation where the Act as construed and applied to petitioner is allowed to perpetuate the discrimination...
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...Prof Ed 12 Relevant Laws for Teachers . Submitted to: Professor Rodrigo Duque Submitted by: Abbie Irish M. Mendoza III-2 BECEd G.R. No. L-39275 December 20, 1933 THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, Plaintiff-Appellant, vs. RICARDO MENDOZA, Defendant-Appellee. In criminal case No. 4851 of the Court of First Instance of Pampanga, the provincial fiscal thereof filed an information against the herein appellee, which reads as follows: The undersigned provincial fiscal accuses Ricardo Mendoza of the crime of assault upon a person in authority committed as follows:chanrobles virtual law library That on or about September 30,1932, in the municipality of San Fernando, Province of Pampanga, Philippine Islands, the said accused, Ricardo Mendoza, being a pupil of the teacher Iluminada Tinio, did then and there willfully, unlawfully and criminally attack and lay hands upon her person, to wit: slapped said Iluminada Tinio on one of her cheeks, while she was engaged in the performance of her duties as such teacher and while she was within the premises of the high school building exercising the functions inherent in such capacity. Upon motion of the appellee, as accused in the aforesaid case, the trial court dismissed the information on the ground that the facts alleged therein did not constitute a crime but simply a misdemeanor or light felony. The present appeal was taken by the fiscal for the purpose of setting aside the order of dismissal in question...
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...COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Spring Term, 2015 ________________________________ GEORGE E. SCHAEFER, III, in his official capacity as the Clerk of Court for Norfolk Circuit Court and JANET M. RAINEY, in her official capacity as State Registrar of Vital Records, Petitioners, MICHÈLE MCQUIGG, Intervenor/Petitioner, v. TIMOTHY B. BOSTIC; TONY C. LONDON; CAROL SCHALL; and MARY TOWNLEY, Respondents. ________________________________ ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT ________________________________ BRIEF FOR THE RESPONDENTS ________________________________ Law Student Counsel for the Respondents QUESTION PRESENTED Whether Virginia’s Marriage Laws, which prohibit same-sex couples from marrying or entering a civil partnership in Virginia or in any other jurisdiction, violate the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment when: * Virginia’s constitution limits marriage to one man and one woman; * Virginia’s code prohibits same-sex marriages or civil unions; and * Virginia’s code refuses to recognize same-sex marriages or civil unions lawfully consummated in other jurisdictions. TABLE OF CONTENTS page QUESTION PRESENTED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...Although practices vary among jurisdictions, ordinarily an indigent accused is appointed an attorney: A. a. by the police at time of arrest. B. b. by a magistrate at the first appearance. C. c. by a judge at the preliminary hearing. D. d. by a judge at trial. Answer Key: B Question 4 of 20 5.0 Points According to the Supreme Court opinion in U.S. v. Salerno, involving the detention prior to trial of defendants due to the threat they posed to public safety: I. preventive detention is not punishment. II. detention prior to trial must be solely for the purpose of securing appearance at trial. III. when Congress has mandated detention on the basis of a compelling interest other than prevention of flight, the Eight Amendment...
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...common law. Although common law was seen for the better, it came with few problems. One of the problems was the rigidity of the writ system. In common law, if someone wants their case to be heard in court, they have to fit their complaints into the existing writs. If the writs are not similar to the existing ones, the cases will not be heard in court. The system was formal and rigid, bound by 'no writ, no remedy'. So if there was no writ to deal with the plaintiff's claim then there was no remedy. In addition to that, the common law uses damages as a remedy for cases. The aim of damages is to compensate the plaintiff which was not always an adequate solution to every problem. This is because, not everyone wanted money some wanted injunction or just an apology. Due to these weaknesses of common law, many litigants were dissatisfied hence causing them to send petitions to the King who was known as “ The Fountain of Justice”. The...
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...G.R. No. 118305 February 12, 1998 AYALA INVESTMENT & DEVELOPMENT CORP. and ABELARDO MAGSAJO, petitioners, vs. COURT OF APPEALS and SPOUSES ALFREDO & ENCARNACION CHING, respondents. MARTINEZ, J.: Under Article 161 of the Civil Code, what debts and obligations contracted by the husband alone are considered "for the benefit of the conjugal partnership" which are chargeable against the conjugal partnership? Is a surety agreement or an accommodation contract entered into by the husband in favor of his employer within the contemplation of the said provision? These are the issues which we will resolve in this petition for review. The petitioner assails the decision dated April 14, 1994 of the respondent Court of Appeals in "Spouses Alfredo and Encarnacion Ching vs. Ayala Investment and Development Corporation, et. al.," docketed as CA-G.R. CV No. 29632, 1 upholding the decision of the Regional Trial Court of Pasig, Branch 168, which ruled that the conjugal partnership of gains of respondents-spouses Alfredo and Encarnacion Ching is not liable for the payment of the debts secured by respondent-husband Alfredo Ching. A chronology of the essential antecedent facts is necessary for a clear understanding of the case at bar. Philippine Blooming Mills (hereinafter referred to as PBM) obtained a P50,300,000.00 loan from petitioner Ayala Investment and Development Corporation (hereinafter referred to as AIDC). As added security for the credit line extended to PBM, respondent Alfredo...
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