...Hydraulic Fracturing Kelsey Moore DeVry University 2/16/2014 OUTLINE Introduction Hydraulic Fracturing Working definition of Hydraulic Fracturing Process of fracking Where fracking is being preformed Environmental and Legal concerns 1. Environmental concerns Legal concerns Economic and environment Impact A. How hydraulic fracturing is impacting the environment and economy 1. Environmental impact Economic impact * Conclusion Hydraulic Fracturing Hydraulic fracturing has been used since the 1940s both naturally and man-made. This process allows fracturing to be widened, allowing more oil and gas to be extracted form the certain area of land. The process of fracturing is extracting larger amounts of gas and oil by injecting sand and water mixture into fractures of rocks and rock formations. This allows the underground to be forced open allowing more oil and gas to me extracted. Hydraulic fracturing is being performed all over the world because of the amounts of oil and gas that can be extracted. There are a number of countries that are preforming the process of fracturing which include: United States- Arkansas, Louisiana, New York, Oklahoma, West Virginia, California, Maryland, North Carolina, Michigan, Wyoming, Colorado, New Jersey, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Mexico, Ohio, Texas. Europe: Poland, Romania, Lithuania, Ukraine South America- Argentina, Mexico, and Brazil. Hydraulic Fracturing has created an increase...
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...Hydrofracking Edwin R. Visser POL/215 July 15, 2015 Tim Buchanan Hydrofracking Hydraulic fracturing or better known as “hydrofracking” (also commonly referred to as simply fracking) has been around since the late 1940’s. According to "Coloradans For Responsible Energy Development" (2014), "more than two million wells have been fracked to date in the U.S.” (Top 10 Fracking Facts). Fracking is a controversial topic with a broad range audience. Governments, Agencies, the general public, and not to mention the Media have endless discussions about the good, the bad, and the ugly of this mostly misunderstood topic. Hydrofracking is used to release natural gas from underground shale formations. One of the biggest and most controversial shale formations is the Marcellus Shale. Onshore Natural gas and oil production is carried out by private companies; however government regulation is critical. State governments are the primary regulators of these activities. Therefore, minimum uniform regulation exists nationwide. Supporters of fracking believe that State regulations already in place are more than sufficient to protect the public and natural resources, especially the precious water supply. Supporters also believe that further EPA regulations “could hurt the industry and the economy” (Hydrofracking). Elizabeth Jones, the chair of the Railroad Commission of Texas, which regulates mining and drilling in the state, said: “If some of the new EPA regulations considered today...
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...Fracking Jada Stuckert Introduction to Biology 103 – Professor Crespo University of Maryland University College History Hydraulic fracturing “Fracking” is the process of injecting water, sand and chemicals at high pressure underground to break apart the rock and release natural gas to be used by consumers. While this explanation seems simple enough there is actually a lot more involved, so let’s being with this history. The fracking process itself began as an experiment in 1947 by Stanolind Oil and Gas Company in Kansas, however the first commercially successful application took place in Oklahoma in 1949 by Halliburton. While the initial experiments didn’t simulate the well in which the technique would later be applied it was the actual “birth” of hydraulic fracturing. Fracking allows older oil and natural gas fields to remain functional by recovering oil and natural gas from almost impossible geological formations like tight shale formations in certain areas of the United States. Fracking is not a drilling process. Fracking actually begins after a hole is already drilled. Most of these wells are existing oil and gas wells. The generalized process of fracking is outlined below. 1. Water trucks deliver water for the fracturing process. If a bay is being used water is simply delivered through a pump. 2. Separate trucks deliver a mix of sand and chemicals (what chemicals) 3. Both the water and the sand/chemical solution is injected at high pressure down...
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...hundreds of percent.” (Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, 2010) This process allows production in older oil and natural gas fields. Hydraulic fracturing has been used in the United States since the 1940’s. “The U.S. has vast reserves of natural gas that are commercially viable as a result of advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies enabling greater access to gas in shale formations. Responsible development of America's shale gas resources offers important economic, energy security, and environmental benefits.” (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2013) Fractures in Onshore shale and Tight Rock formations are oil fracking. It can be natural or man-made through rock. The fluid includes water, sand, ceramic and often chemicals. “High-pressure Fracking is done from a wellbore drilled into reservoir rock formations to increase the rate and ultimate recovery of Shale Oil and Light Tight Oil. Most times a Shale Oil formation only needs to be Fracked once, where as a Natural Gas formation usually needs to be Fracked multiple times.” (OilFracking.com, 2013) In the U.S. legislation has been introduced to limit the ability to use zoning to stop pollutants from hitting residential areas. In Pennsylvania there is the...
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...Solution and Advantages Derrick L. Catley Strayer University Professor Dimetri Richardson ENG 215 February 21, 2013 Is Hydraulic Fracking the Answer For the Future Some may say that hydraulic fracturing is the key to our future. Various people say that it will give America a secure energy future. A number of people say it is a step to energy independence. Others say that it is a threat to our society, environment, and our water supply. Others also say that it can cause major damage to home and areas in and around the fracturing sites. Corporations and many in the legislative branch want to see hydraulic fracturing as a major part of America moving forward towards energy independence. For the majority of individuals, the good outweighs the bad. The people in and around these fracturing sites tend to disagree. Logically, this would be the thing to do if safety measures were to be tightened. Ethically, they have to think of the dangers that it can pose to humans, wildlife, and the water supply. This is a very emotional subject to the people that live within the boundaries of the danger zone involved with hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing regulations should be changed because blowout, gas leaks, and home explosions can occur during hydraulic fracturing undertakings (Ehrenberg, 2012). With hydraulic fracturing being a major contributor to earthquakes, gas leaks, contaminated drinking water, and various other catastrophes, it is easy...
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...Andrew Hayes Advanced Financial Management Fall 2013 Controversy in Corporate Finance: Chesapeake Energy Controversy in corporate finance is nothing new; it has been going on well before the term “corporation” was ever used. The power of money has always been an ongoing factor ever since humans started to use it to obtain goods and services. While, controversy over money is nothing new, controversy in corporate finance is much more complex and complicated, often requiring finance managers, accountants, and sometimes the SEC to sort everything out. Sometimes an executive or executive(s) get fired, sometimes they go to prison and sometimes they are given huge amounts of money to leave the company. Most of the time it seems like the latter of those options. As in the case of Chesapeake Energy, where the co-founder and CEO was given around 47 million dollars in salary, bonuses, perks, and stock options when he stepped down this year as CEO of the company due to controversial spending and declining cash flow revenue for the multi-billion dollar company. The controversy stems from a breach of financial ethics and decision making that is supposed to have the best interest of your shareholders in mind. Chesapeake Energy Corporation (NYSE: CHK) is the second-largest producer of natural gas, the 11th largest producer of oil and natural gas liquids and the most active driller of onshore wells in the U.S. Headquartered in Oklahoma City, the company's operations are focused...
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...Property Owners The first group of stakeholders that needs to be represented in this debate is property owners, specifically property owners who also have natural gas under their property or experience environmental and property damage from fracking. Matt Willie addresses the conflict of private property and gas companies. He summarizes that the main issues involved with hydraulic fracturing and property rights are trespassing, pooling, ownership, and damages (Willie, 1752). For trespassing, the issue that has arisen is whether horizontally drilling under someone else’s property is trespassing (1752). The author then concludes that based on the Texas Supreme Court case Coastal Oil and Gas Corp. v. Garza Energy Trust, extracting gas or oil...
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...A Report on Hydraulic Fracturing Salman Ahmed August 18, 2013 1. Hydraulic fracturing is a process of well stimulation, and a completion technique. It is used to extract underground natural resources, such as oil, natural gas, and geothermal energy. Industrial hydraulic fracturing is used to enhance subsurface fracture systems. The well stimulation process is used in nine out of ten gas wells in the United States. Generally, millions of gallons of water, sand, and chemical mixtures are pumped underground to break apart the rock formations to release gas. This method is used to facilitate the maximal extraction of natural gas by allowing it to move more freely from rock pores to production wells. This movement causes the oil or gas to come to surface where it can be stored in wells (US EPA, 2012). 2. The process of hydraulic fracturing starts with finding natural gas in underground formations, such as sandstones, carbonates, shale and coal. To gain access to the natural gas, vertical, horizontal, or multi-level wells are drilled to the target formation. Hydraulic fracturing is a completion technique used to create an effective connection between a well and the natural gas formation. Before drilling a well, a drilling and completion plan must be developed and approved by state regulators. Geoscientists and environmental employees then work to collect information about the surface geology of the potential drill site (ConocoPhillips, 2011). A well pad made of cement...
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...Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 8-1-2012 Deepwater, Deep Ties, Deep Trouble: A StateCorporate Environmental Crime Analysis of the 2010 Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Elizabeth A. Bradshaw Western Michigan University, brads2ea@cmich.edu Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations Recommended Citation Bradshaw, Elizabeth A., "Deepwater, Deep Ties, Deep Trouble: A State-Corporate Environmental Crime Analysis of the 2010 Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill" (2012). Dissertations. Paper 53. This Dissertation-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact maira.bundza@wmich.edu. DEEPWATER, DEEP TIES, DEEP TROUBLE: A STATE-CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME ANALYSIS OF THE 2010 GULF OF MEXICO OIL SPILL by Elizabeth A. Bradshaw A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Sociology Advisor: Ronald C. Kramer, Ph.D. Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan August 2012 THE GRADUATE COLLEGE WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN June 29, 2012 Date WE HEREBY APPROVE THE DISSERTATION SUBMITTED BY Elizabeth A. Bradshaw ENTITLED Deepwater, Deep Ties, Deep Trouble: A State-Corporate Environmental...
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