...grew slightly, to 30%. Firms from the European Union and Switzerland, meanwhile, increased their portion from 31% to 36%. Much of Japan’s loss has been a gain for firms from emerging markets. Since 1995 companies from the BRIC nations (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) have seen their combined share of Global 500 revenues leap from 0.9% to 10.4%. But will those countries lose their edge in the years ahead, as Japan did? Or will they find ways to remain globally competitive and protect their share—as the U.S. and Europe have done? To answer those questions, we first need to understand why Japan was unable to continue the meteoric rise it saw in the 1970s and 1980s, because the new generation of emerging-country multinationals bears a disturbing resemblance to corporate Japan in the 1990s. Over the past quarter century, we have tracked the rise and fall of Japanese business, and our research reveals that the very factors that enabled Japan’s early success led to its later failure. What gets you to the top is not what keeps you there. The problem for Japanese companies is that they’ve been unable to transform the cultures and processes that propelled their early exportled growth into those needed for global leadership. September 2010 Harvard Business Review 99 THE...
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...price in all McDonald’s outlets in every country. McDonald’s also made a strong relationship with supplier because this is another key success, every supplier which supply all McDonald’s products have to comply with McDonald’s standard or specification. McDonald’s also give reward for every supplier that achieve its specification process. And the most important thing that made McDonald’s globally success in entering every country is Plan to Win Strategy, this strategy actually bring McDonald’s products to become more relevant to local and regional preferences. In France, McDonald’s referred as McDo and every products in France is environmental friendly and based on local resources. Menu also different, its have P’tit Plaisir (mini snack foods), Little Mozza (tomato and mozzarella salad), Croques Monsieurs (Grilled Ham and Cheese) etc. In the US McDonald’s is food to go orders but in France is dine in because people in France usually like to dine in and spend time with their friends or family. In Germany there is McCafe which know become world-wide product of McDonald’s, German is also sensitive with environmental issues so McDonald’s outlets in German used biodiesel oil, used solar-powered air conditioners and used refrigerators that operate without harmful chlorofluorocarbons. Menus also develop...
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...Abstract Organizational culture is defined as a system of shared norms, beliefs, values, and assumptions which binds people together, creating shared meanings. Culture reflects the personality of the organization and similar to an individual’s personality it enables people to predict the attitudes and behaviors of organizational members. Culture is one of the defining aspects of an organization and it set it apart from other similar types of organizations. The values and behaviors of an organization contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of an organization. It includes an organization's expectations, experiences, philosophy, and values that hold it together, and is expressed in its self-image, inner workings, interactions with the outside world, and future expectations. It affects the organization's productivity and performance, and provides guidelines on customercare and service, product quality and safety, attendance and punctuality, and concern for the environment. There are ten dimensions that exist when assessing an organization that provide a composite picture of the culture. When an organization is clearly defined it gives its employees and customers shared perceptions that they can relate to and identify with and grow to be a part of it. Many companies today are looking to incorporate project management into them and with that come a strongly defined organizational culture and structure. There are many companies that...
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...De Montfort University In partnership with Niels Brock, Copenhagen Business College BA (Hons) Business Administration. Market analysis of Chery automobile Submitted by: Resham Dhakal instructor : Ian choo Student No. P11016315 (CORP eve) Date: 2011-11-14 1 Introduction The main propose of this preliminary project is to analyses the present situation of Chinese automaker ‘Chery Automobile Co. Ltd. In order to analyses the present situation, we mainly focus on its internationalization process, its domestic market as well as international market, and its strategy of growth. And it is supported with different theories such as SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, Porter 5 Forces, 4Ps. 1.1 Chery at a Glance Chery is one of the Chinese fast growing state owned enterprise founded on 1997.with a capital of CNY 3.68 billion, and its first car came on a production on 1999. At present Chery owns for sub-brands, chery, karry , Rilich and rely. Currently Chery has 16 different module in maket and it possesses an annual production capacity of 900,000 automobiles. (Chery) . With the strategy of ‘Going out’ Chery become the first Chinese automobile company to export its production in overseas, including more then 80 countries. It offers cars, sedans, SUVs, and mini-vans on its different segment. Source – Chery International Co. ltd This figure show that, the total sale of Chery automobile is been increasing in every year, in the year 2008 its sale...
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...BILLABONG Nature of the business * Marketing, distribution, wholesaling and retailing of apparel, accessories, eyewear, wetsuits and hardgoods in the boardsports sector under the Billabong element, von zipper, honolua surf company, kustom, palmers surf, Nixon, xcel, tigerlily, sector 9, DaKine and RVCA brands * Billabong International’s values remain consistent with its foundation objectives. Includes a commitment to brand protection and enhancement, the manufacture of design-relevant and functional products, marketing in the core boardsports channels, the professional development of staff and ongoing attention to customer service and relationships. * The majority of revenue is generated through wholly-owned operations in Australia, North America, Europe, Japan, New Zealand, South Africa and Brazil. Exec summary Billabong’s aggressive approach in their expansion into foreign markets, taking their opposition and in the process, acquiring some of them allows Billabong to continuously expand and eradicate competitors. Billabong’s global expansion has greatly affected stakeholders and has allowed it to experience the many advantages of globalization. * one of Australia’s smaller transnational companies, operating on four continents, and was established as a private company in 1973 * In 2000 it was listed on the ASX and became a public company with shareholders. * The process of globalisation has allowed Billabong to now be able to distribute their...
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...NATURA COSMETICS: From Brazil to United States INTRODUCTION TO THE COUNTRIES: BRAZIL AND UNITED STATES Brazil, one of the fastest growing emerging markets in the world is the “country of the moment” as many called. Low cost manufacturing, develop infrastructure, government incentives, and increase of income levels has set Brazil as hot stop for investor and a secure place for international expansions. Not only a hot stop for investor, but also a homeland of many entrepreneurs going out of the national barriers and growing internationally in a remarkable way. With rising of wages, a stability of inflation, Brazilian population is getting richer. In the last couple years, that was increase of the wealth population and a significant improvement of the middle and low class purchase power, resulting in growing of the country and putting new challenges for local business thinking of going to other countries. Not surprising, Brazilians are spending more in many different market segments, one of them cosmetics, fragrances, and personal hygiene. In 2010, with an impressive 12% growing of the cosmetic market, Brazil became the second largest consumer of cosmetics in the world just behind United States. According the ABIHPEC, Brazilian Association of cosmetics, fragrances, and personal hygiene, the market of these products has grown substantially over the past 15 years. Exports grew 17.8% in 2010, reaching $ 693 million, versus $ 588 million in 2009. Imports of these...
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...Spain Spain officially the Kingdom of Spain is a sovereign state and a member of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north and north east by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal. Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco. Furthermore, the town of Llívia is a Spanish exclave situated inside French territory. With an area of 505,992 square kilometres (195,365 sq mi), it is the fourth largest country in Europe. Spain is a democracy organised in the form of a parliamentary government under a constitutional monarchy. It is a developed country with the twelfth largest economy in the world by nominal GDP, and very high living standards, including the tenth-highest quality of life index rating in the world, as of 2005. It is a member of the United Nations, NATO, OECD, and WTO. Foreign relations Main article: Foreign relations of Spain After the return of democracy following the death of Franco in 1975, Spain's foreign policy priorities were to break out of the diplomatic isolation of the Franco years and expand diplomatic relations, enter...
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...in the League of Fortune 500. It is anchored by an extraordinary force of over 120,000 employees belonging to 42 nationalities. The Group has been ranked Number 4 in the global 'Top Companies for Leaders' survey and ranked Number 1 in Asia Pacific for 2011. 'Top Companies for Leaders' is the most comprehensive study of organisational leadership in the world conducted by Aon Hewitt, Fortune Magazine, and RBL (a strategic HR and Leadership Advisory firm). The Group has topped the Nielsen's Corporate Image Monitor 2013-14 and emerged as the Number 1 corporate, the 'Best in Class', for the second consecutive year. Over 50 per cent of the Aditya Birla Group's revenues flow from its overseas operations. The Group operates in 36 countries – Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Korea, Laos, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Turkey, UAE, UK, USA, and Vietnam. Aditya Birla Group – The Global Scenario Around the world, we're known for: A metals powerhouse, among the world's most cost-efficient aluminium and copper producers. Hindalco-Novelis is the largest aluminium rolling company. It is one of the three biggest producers of primary aluminium in Asia with the largest single location copper smelter No.1 in viscose staple fibre No.1 in carbon black The fourth-largest producer...
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...The Age of Exploration A Resource to Accompany History Alive! The United States Through Industrialism Brings Learning Alive! Teachers’ Curriculum Institute 1 Introduction I n this reading, you will learn about the Age of Exploration. This period of discovery lasted from about 1418 to 1620. During this time, European explorers made many daring voyages that changed world history. A major reason for these voyages was the desire to find sea routes to east Asia, which Europeans called the Indies. When Christopher Columbus sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean, he was looking for such a route. Instead, he landed in the Americas. Columbus thought he had reached the Indies. In time, Europeans would realize that he had found what they called the ”New World.” European nations soon rushed to claim lands in the Americas for themselves. Early explorers often suffered terrible hardships. In 1520, Ferdinand Magellan set out with three ships to cross the Pacific Ocean from South America. He had guessed, correctly, that the Indies lay on the other side of the Pacific. But Magellan had no idea how vast the ocean really was. He thought his crew would be sailing for a few weeks at most. Instead, the crossing took three months. While the ships were still at sea, the crew ran out of food. One sailor wrote about this terrible time. “We ate biscuit… swarming with worms…. We drank yellow water that had been putrid [rotten] for days... and often we ate sawdust from boards.” Why did explorers...
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...Philips vs. Matsushita Assignment Hussain AlmakramiUniversity of Scranton | 11/14/2013 | | Strategies followed by Philips and Matsushita Philips focused on their R&D and it tried to be the independent organization. It tried decentralized method to market its products. It had very strong relationships with their suppliers and that’s why it had more than 250 suppliers in the world. It started a program called “partners for growth” to improve its relationship with the suppliers. It tried to take supply from the countries where cost is low like China, France, and Brazil. For marketing and selling their products Philips used very dedicated sales representatives and other options also like indirect channels. Customer service is very good. It provides 24 hr. service to clients. On the other hand Matsushita focused on centralization and it has highly efficient organization in Japan. It focused on local sourcing but still they got the control of quality and productivity of their goods. It was not dependent on one supplier. It has suppliers in all the parts of the world. It works with its suppliers and has very good relationship with the suppliers which help in maintaining the quality of the goods. It also tried to set up plants and produce raw material for their final products. Globalization becomes difficult for Philips It became difficult for Philips to globalize its strategies because of the fast growing competitors in the market. The other factors were also...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING Chapter Outline I. International accounting is an extremely broad topic. A. At a minimum it focuses on the accounting issues unique to multinational corporations, especially with respect to foreign operations. B. At the other extreme it encompasses the study of the various functional areas of accounting in all countries of the world, as well as the activities of a number of supranational organizations. C. This book provides an overview of the broadly defined area of international accounting, with a focus on the accounting issues encountered by multinational companies engaged in international trade and invested in foreign operations. II. There are several accounting issues encountered by companies involved in international trade. A. One issue is the accounting for foreign currency-denominated export sales and import purchases. An important issue is how to account for changes in the value of the foreign currency-denominated account receivable (payable) that occur as exchange rates fluctuate. B. A related issue is the accounting for derivative financial instruments, such as forward contracts and foreign currency options, used to hedge the foreign exchange risk associated with foreign currency transactions. III. There is an even greater number of accounting issues encountered by companies that have made a direct investment in a foreign operation. These issues primarily result from the fact that GAAP...
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...WHY AUSTRALIA BENCHMARK REPORT 2016 WHY AUSTRALIA 25 YEARS OF CONSECUTIVE GROWTH. A SMART, SKILLED WORKFORCE. A CULTURE OF INNOVATION. INTEGRATED WITH ASIA, EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA. READY FOR BUSINESS. GROWTH INNOVATION TALENT LOCATION BUSINESS Australia offers a powerful combination of solid economic credentials, a highly educated labour force, legal and political stability, and proximity to the fast-growing markets of Asia. With a resilient economy, a AAA sovereign risk profile and diverse, globally competitive industries, Australia remains well placed to build on an impressive record of prosperity. Australia has strong business and cultural ties with Asia, and longstanding trade, investment and research links in Europe and North America. Recently completed free trade agreements will make Australia even more competitive and further increase prospects for greater two-way investment. There are significant commercial opportunities in sectors where Australia has specific strengths and expertise, such as agribusiness, resources and energy, and financial services. Australia’s north in particular offers untapped possibilities. Australia’s world-class scientific and academic institutions, and commitment to research and development encourage innovation and the commercialisation of new technologies. There is no better partner for trade, investment and collaboration than Australia. 01 SECTION GROWTH // // Economic...
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...the problems. The America tourism developed from 1790, and stand at the maturity stage now. It has rich tourism resource, such as the park, the museum, the theme park, the internet system, and developed transportation system and so on. However, the result is not the best in the world. Even though the America tourism is mature compare with more countries, it also has some problems because the special country condition. Such as the economy problem, security problem, visa problem and medial tourism problem. The article gives some suggestion aimed at each problem. Introduction “Tourism is the number-one service that we export. And that means jobs.” “More money spent by more tourists means more business can hire more workers.” President Obama announced when he went to Walt Disney World’s Magic Kingdom in Orlando, Florida January 19, 2012. (Laura, 2012). According to the statistic from the government, tourism and travel account is 2.7% of US gross domestic product (GDP) and support 7.5 million jobs. Generated $1.9 trillion in economic impact, with $813 billion spent directly by domestic and international travelers that spurred an additional $1.1 trillion in other industries. It directly generated $124 billion in tax revenue for local, state and federal governments. (ITA Office of Trabel & Tourism Industries, 2012).There is no doubt that tourism industry has huge effect for one country’s economy....
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING Chapter Outline I. International accounting is an extremely broad topic. A. At a minimum it focuses on the accounting issues unique to multinational corporations, especially with respect to foreign operations. B. At the other extreme it encompasses the study of the various functional areas of accounting in all countries of the world, as well as the activities of a number of supranational organizations. C. This book provides an overview of the broadly defined area of international accounting, with a focus on the accounting issues encountered by multinational companies engaged in international trade and invested in foreign operations. II. There are several accounting issues encountered by companies involved in international trade. A. One issue is the accounting for foreign currency-denominated export sales and import purchases. An important issue is how to account for changes in the value of the foreign currency-denominated account receivable (payable) that occur as exchange rates fluctuate. B. A related issue is the accounting for derivative financial instruments, such as forward contracts and foreign currency options, used to hedge the foreign exchange risk associated with foreign currency transactions. III. There is an even greater number of accounting issues encountered by companies that have made a direct investment in a foreign operation. These issues primarily result from the fact that GAAP...
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...INSTRUCTORS MANUAL: MULTINATIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, 9TH ED. CHAPTER 15 SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO CHAPTER 15 QUESTIONS 1. As seen in Exhibit 15.2, Hong Kong stocks are over twice as volatile as U.S. stocks. Does that mean that risk-averse American investors should avoid Hong Kong equities? Explain. ANSWER. No. Although Hong Stock stocks are much more volatile /than U.S. stocks, their systematic component of risk is relatively low because of the low correlation with the U.S. market. The net result is that the systematic risk (beta) of the average Hong Kong stock from a U.S. perspective is only 0.85, compared with a beta of 1.0 for the average U.S. stock. In other words, diversifying into Hong Kong stocks will reduce the riskiness of a portfolio currently concentrated in U.S. stocks. 2. What characteristics of foreign securities lead to diversification benefits for American investors? ANSWER. The two basic characteristics are: a) Many foreign securities are issued by companies that produce goods and services not available from U.S. companies. b) All U.S. companies are more or less subject to the same cyclical economic fluctuations. Foreign securities by contrast involve claims on economies whose cycles are not perfectly in phase with the U.S. economic cycle. Thus, just as movements in different stocks partially offset one another in an all-U.S. portfolio, so also movements in U.S. and non-U.S. stocks cancel out each other somewhat. 3. Will increasing...
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