...mornings before classes because I concluded that talking to my “friends” and seeing who was posting what was more important than my schoolwork. This behavior began to cause my grades to plummet. Realizing what I was doing to myself, I decided to make a change. I do not check my social networking accounts as much as I used to and my grades reflect it! After long contemplation, I realized that I couldn’t be the only one that had this horrible habit of putting social media before education; someone else absolutely had to do it as well. I had many questions in my head about why such a thing would happen with others. “Do they do it because of boredom? What if they focus more on it because their friends do?” After testing 30 students at Frederick Douglass High School with the amount of time spent on social media as the independent variable and the condition of the grades as a result being the dependent variable, I found my theory to be correct. The more these students used social media, the lower their grades were. They reported that they spent time completing homework at school, spent more time on social media than they did completing schoolwork, and that they try to cram in work at the end of each quarter to try to bring their grades up. They also reported that...
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...Chapter 15 Reform and American Culture Powerpoint Questions Instructions: Use the Powerpoint presentation, American Nation textbook pages 432-454, and your class notes to answer these questions. 1. What is Social Reform? (Slide 2) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Define the term, predestination. (Slide 2) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What did the Second Great Awakening stress? (Slide 3) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is a revival? (Slide 3) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What is one political change in the country that encouraged reform? (Slide 4, See Political Origins on Chart) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What did Dorothea Dix work hard to do? (Slide 5) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What were debtors? (Slide 6) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. What was the Temperance Movement? (Slide 6) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. What...
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...Josh Franklin 2/10/2013 P.6 Harriet Jacobs Slave Narrative Harriet Jacobs, born in 1813, was born in North Carolina and was born into to slavery to her mistress Margaret Horniblow. Harriet spent the first six years of her life not knowing that she was indeed the property of Margaret and before her master died in 1825 she was taught how to read and sew by Margaret. Once Margaret passed away, Harriet was inherited by Margaret’s niece Mary Norcom. When Mary inherited her new slave she was only three years old. Since Mary was so young, her father, Dr. James Norcom, became Harriet’s new master. Under James , Harriet soon became aware of the harsh realities of slavery. For twenty years Harriet struggled with Dr. Norcoms sexual victimizations. During this time she grew close to her grandmother, a free slave, and with a attorney by the name of Samuel Sawyer who fathered Harriet’s two children. In an attempt to manipulate Dr. Norcom into selling her to his father, Harriet ran to Grandmother’s house. For those seven years, she spent her time raising her two children, reading the bible, and sewing. In 1837, Samuel Sawyer was elected into the House of Representatives and had purchased his two children but he did not free them. In 1842, Harriet escaped North and was determined to free her daughter from her father. For ten years Harriet lived as a fugitive slave but she was able to locate her daughter, Louisa, in Brooklyn and secured a home for both of her children in Boston. While...
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...Essay 1 Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs are two authors with very similar backgrounds. Both Douglass and Jacobs illustrate the tension involving being African American in a time where slaves did not have any rights, and when they were treated like property instead of a humans. Each of the slaves had different experiences with slavery, but one thing in common: share their accounts through autobiography on how slavery greatly changed their lives. The experiences, memories and treatment in any situation are viewed upon differently between a man and a woman. Obvious in the case of slavery, the two sexes were treated differently and so therefore their recollections of such events were-different Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs and the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass, were both written during the same time period. Both authors go into many aspects regarding the cruelty of slavery, but they still had their differences. During each of the author’s childhood they explain how it was for them. When Harriet was growing up in her, she was shielded from slavery. Her Father was accomplished carpenter, whose wish was to someday buy his children. “I was so fondly shielded that I never dreamed I was a piece of merchandise…” On the other hand Fredrick childhood was the opposite. Fredrick was born to a slave mother and an undisclosed white man. He did not know his age growing up he had to make educational guesses. ”I have no...
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...When individuals are denied the right to reap the benefits of freedom it is expected from them to ask why they are denied such a right. It would then be expected for those in bondage to strive to attain their desired freedom. As seen in Douglass’s slave narrative and Rowlandson’s captivity narrative, the deprivation of their freedom lead them to exceed racial and gender boundaries in order to struggle for power that was denied to them by their environment and cultural expectations. Wherever an individual may be, their surrounding environment serves as a constant reminder of their status or role in society. Frederick Douglass was born a slave in the state of Maryland. Being a slave state, Maryland served as a constant reminder to Douglass of his status in the “peculiar institution.” His environment also depicted the suggested racial inferiority of African-Americans to their white slaveholders. This would cause Douglass from an early age to exercise his agency and question why this was so; “The white children could tell their ages. I could not tell why I ought to be deprived of the same privilege” (Cain 1022). His location in Maryland, however, did reduce the obstacles involved with escaping from slavery. Maryland shared a border line with the northern free-states and it also had a harbor that would provide ships as a means of escape. The knowledge of the close proximity of free-states would help keep the notion of running away alive in Douglass’s mind. An environment...
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...of slaves, humanitarianism, and the cruelty of the slave owners emphasized. All slaves were treated wrongfully in many ways. They were beaten, whipped, starved, and talked down upon. There wasn’t anything that they could do, but take the whipping. Not many slaves had the courage to stand up for what they believed in. But the few that did would fight back against their masters or run away. This is evident in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass when Frederick Douglass described when he escaped from his master. “After his encounter with the two Irishmen at the wharf, Douglass decided to run away to the North.” Douglass didn’t want to live a slave life anymore, and decided to escape to the north. "My long-crushed spirit rose, cowardice departed, bold defiance took its place; and I now resolved that, however long I might remain a slave in form, the day had passed forever when I could be a slave in fact. I did not hesitate to let it be known of me, that the white man who expected to succeed in whipping, must also succeed in killing me.” Frederick Douglass describes how he resisted in being whipped by Mr. Covey. He “raised his hand” against Mr. Covey to stop him from doing so. Writing narratives could’ve been a slaves’ way to promote humanitarianism. Often when someone shares a difficult time in their life it could be a plea for help and justice. They want people to know what has been done so they are aware and can help stop the injustice. In the Incidents in the Life of a...
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...Perfection Era Antonio Ainsworth July 31, 2011 Hist/115 Carly Gesin Many historians also knew the Perfection Era as the Victorian Era. This era saw many great changes in history but none were more dramatic than that for the women of the era and the slaves. The Perfection Era saw the appearance of many women novelists. One of these great women novelists was Emily Bronte the author of the book Wuthering Heights. She was one of three sister novelists of the time and was considered the greatest of the three sisters. The record of Emily’s life was meager she was a very reserved and silent woman even though her novel was considered to be a dark work. Emily was not only a novelist but a poet as well. Even though Wuthering Heights was the only novel she released it is to this day considered on of the great works of history. “Soon after the release of her novel Emily’s heal started to fail her and on December of 1848 she died from tuberculosis.” (Biography.com, 2011). Even though her life was short thanks to Emily Bronte and other women novelists of the era women were seen as more than housewives and as working class women. With this development a new one emerged and that was what was considered feminine jobs versus what was considered masculine jobs. Another history changing event that happened during this era was the ending of slavery. For long time slavery was a major part of life in America but thanks mainly in large part to the abolitionist’s...
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...JOB ENRICHMENT I-Job enrichment Job enrichment is an attempt to motivate employees by giving them the opportunity to use the range of their abilities. It is an idea that was developed by the American psychologist Frederick Herzberg in the 1950s. It can be contrasted to job enlargement which simply increases the number of tasks without changing the challenge. As such job enrichment has been described as 'vertical loading' of a job, while job enlargement is 'horizontal loading'. An enriched job should ideally contain: • A range of tasks and challenges of varying difficulties (Physical or Mental) • A complete unit of work - a meaningful task • Feedback, encouragement and communication In contradict to job simplification, job enrichment, whose definition is “an attempt to motivate employees by giving them the opportunity to use the range of their abilities”, provides employees who want promotion with the chance to develop their skills and abilities in varityped jobs. Need to be distinguished from job enlargement, the goal of job enrichment is not merely to make the jobs more varied, it allows promotion-seekers to experience with the techniques to make every single employees a manager. The employee will be able to design his own working style, like what to do first and what can wait. II-Techniques Job enrichment, as a managerial activity includes a three steps technique. 1. Turn employees' effort into performance: • Ensuring that objectives...
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...The ideas of the classical theorists, particularly those of bureaucracy and scientific management, are generally considered as rather old fashion and out of date, and of little relevance to work and organization today. Is this really the case? The classical theory is the earliest form of management that perceived that a set of universal principles would apply to all the organizations in all situations to achieve efficiency and organization's goals. Scientific management and bureaucratic theory were one of the several components of the classical school of organization. Important pioneers among them are Frederick Taylor and Max Weber. The classical theories have been contested of little relevance to work and organization today simply because today’s organizations have moved from industrial revolution to the information age due to the fast-paced change in technology (Toffler, 1984). Although bureaucracy has been synonymous to red tape and has negatives effects such as “rigidity, alienation and low commitment” (Adler, 1999, p.37) and dehumanizing people (Grey, 2009), the characteristics of bureaucracy such as specialization, hierarchy of authority, system of rules and impersonality (Stewart, 1986) as well as evidence of ongoing existence of this management method, bureaucracy is proved to remain noteworthy. This essay will examine the situation presented in organization today, and determine whether bureaucracy and scientific management can be considered as old fashioned,...
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...Loving one’s job: What it means for employees today Loving one’s job: What it means for employees today INSIDE THIS ISSUE The most recurrent factor in our answers is the opportunity for advancement. Regardless of the interviewee’s field of work, this category was present. We can safely say that it is strong motivator. Since only two people did not mention money as one of the primary factors in choosing one’s job, we began to think that there was a possibility that the opportunity for advancement might not only be the need for recognition and accomplishment, but also for the need of a higher salary. If opportunity for advancement is a desire for a high salary, doesn’t it imply that money is a motivator? Further questioning and studies in that area could be interesting. So, is the desire for advancement a motivator or a hygiene factor? Hertzberg would mark it into hygiene, however opportunity for advancement may also translate into a desire for a bigger salary. To put it into layman's term: “It’s okay if my salary is small now, because if I advance on the social ladder, it will get bigger!” So even though employees are ready to sacrifice their desire for money at the present time, it doesn’t mean they do not aspire for it. Herzberg’s studies are valid, but other opinions must be taken into consideration. The most recurrent factor in our answers is the opportunity for advancement. Regardless of the interviewee’s field of work, this category was present. We...
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...The Seneca Falls Convention Throughout history women were not treated the same rights as men. Women were thought of as property, wives and mothers. People believed that women were inferior to men. Women could not own property and most of their education consisted of learning how to run a home. Men thought that they were more intelligent than women therefore, they didn’t think a woman could hold political office or vote. Men also thought women should not be involved in legal issues and they were not allowed to hold jobs outside of the home. With the onset of the Industrial Revolution many women went to work in the factories. Also, many women also worked as domestic servants and teachers. This was the first time women began to work outside the home and they began to gain a sense of independence. This led them to demand equal rights. These changes for women during the early 1800’s led women to want equality and the women’s suffrage movement began (kelly, 2011). As the Abolitionist Movement to free the slaves became popular, the idea of equal rights for women began. It was the Quaker women who were the early organizers of these movements. They would organize secret women’s meetings which at the time could be very dangerous. This was just a small step. Women wanted to have equal rights in courts of law, in property matters and in civil rights. Women felt they should have the same rights as men to make decisions on their own and they didn’t want to be thought of...
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...CRITIQUE ON LEADERSHIP FUNDAMENTALS Leadership fundamental is an article that explains and describes the expectations from a leader. It explains the attributes and behaviors of leaders. The article also gives a foresight to how leadership fundamentals might be improved. Furthermore, it site examples of leaders with fundamental values, they include Jesus Christ, Frederick Douglass, Paul Miller (Orangeburg mayor), Steven Jobs (Apple), Julius Ceasar. This article is written by T&D columnist Howard Hill, the main and central idea of this article is to emphasize the fact that leadership fundamentals are acquired leadership essentials. According to article, leadership fundamentals combine past, current and emerging ideas into wholes. Personally, I think a leader is great, not because of his or her power ,but because of his or her ability to empower others, position does not make one a leader. Therefore, I think leaders must be diligent and responsive to fundamental values, skills and characters. They should possess role-model behavior and inspire those whom they lead. Leaders should work for the benefit of others and not for personal gain, they should handle themselves with their heads and handle others with their hearts, they should know the way, go the way and show the way, leaders should use their influence at the right times for the right reasons and finally leaders should take a little greater share of the blame and a little smaller share of the credit. In...
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...write from posters on cellar doors, white boys and men would help him. He would then preach and speak and soon become well known. He became United States Elector, United States Marshall, United States Recorder, United States Diplomat and accumulated some wealth. He wore broadcloth and didn't have to divide crumbs with the dogs under the table. That boy was Frederick Douglass." (Taken from a speach by Frederick Douglass promoting his autobiography.) Unlike most of us, Frederick Douglass, who was born in rural Tuckahoe, sometime in February of 1818, did not have a wonderful childhood. Douglass' mother was a slave and his father was thought to have been his mother's owner. After a few weeks with his mother in the cabin pictured above, Frederick was sent to live with his grandmother whom he affectionately called Grandmother Bailey. Grandmother Bailey raised children until they were old enough to work on Captain Aaron Anthony's plantation. At the age of six, Frederick was deemed old enough to work on the plantation. He was not strong enough to carry a hoe or do any picking yet, so the "Old Master" as the slaves called him, made Frederick sweep the walkways, clean the barnyard, drive the cows home and keep the chickens out of the...
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...Research in Higher Education, Vol. 48, No. 2, March 2007 (Ó 2006) DOI: 10.1007/s11162-006-9042-3 EXAMINING HERZBERG’S THEORY: Improving Job Satisfaction among Non-Academic Employees at a University Ryan E. Smerek*,† and Marvin Peterson† ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ This study reports the results of a survey of 2700 employees in business operations at a large public, research university. The analysis tests Herzberg et al.’s (1959) well-known, duality theory of motivators and hygiene factors and the impact of personal characteristics and job characteristics on perceptions of the work environment and job satisfaction. The results offer inconclusive support of Herzberg’s theory although the work itself is the strongest predictor of job satisfaction after controlling for both personal and job characteristics. The study concludes by discussing both practical implications, for those in leadership positions in a university, and theoretical implications for researchers interested in exploring job satisfaction in a higher education context. ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ KEY WORDS: job satisfaction; quality of worklife; work climate; administrative staff...
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...Use the theory of Maslow or Herzberg to explain the decrease in employee motivation following the takeover. What steps might management take to re-establish high employee motivation? Motivation is a "needs-led" process determined through a basic process of an unsatisfied need or urge which leads to tension, further leading to search behaviour and finally leads to either need satisfaction or further search. However in practice the process is more complex than presented as sometimes multiple needs are needed at the same time as well as conflicting needs. Frederick Herzberg developed a theory on motivation during the midst of the 20th century which is most commonly known as the "dual factor theory". This is generally used when investigating motivation in organisations. His study was based on a survey of a study of 203 people across the 2 professional groups of engineers and accountants at Pittsburgh University, where they were asked to recall times over the previous year when they felt "exceptionally good" and "exceptionally bad" and their explanation for each case. From this study he identified two distinct list of factors that altered their motivation. These lists were a set of factors which cause satisfaction and dissatisfaction with both lists being mutually exclusive. The factors of satisfiers or Motivators, which are understood to yield a real sense of motivation in employees, are ordered in a list increasing in frequency beginning with a sense of personal achievement...
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