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DUE Wednesday, Jan. 16th at the BEGINNING of class.
SUNBURN: A CASE STUDY IN THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM DIRECTIONS: Answer the questions below in as thorough a manner as possible. Since you have more than a week to do it, your answers should be complete and polished. You may hand draw the diagram of skin, but the rest MUST BE TYPED or otherwise word processed and double-spaced. This assignment is due at the BEGINNING of the period, and any part of it not completed at that time will not be accepted for credit. Number your answers to correspond to the questions below. (NOTE: This material WILL be included on the next lecture exam; and you WILL NOT have this assignment graded and handed back to you before then. Be sure you have one copy to hand in, and one to study from.) One day in mid-July, a Walla Walla Community College student lies out in the sun for six hours. Later that night he notices that the skin on his trunk, legs and arms becomes red, swollen and extremely painful throughout the burned areas. By morning all of the afflicted areas have developed numerous blisters. These areas cover 35% of the trunk (front and back) and 25% of the arms and legs (front and back). 1. Draw a simple two-dimensional diagram of the skin, showing the three major layers (epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis) and the following accessory structures: a hair follicle, a sebaceous gland, eccrine and apocrine sweat (sudoriferous) glands, and an arrector pili muscle. Draw this diagram freehand. Do not trace it out of a text book. Use this diagram as the cover sheet for the assignment you turn in. 2. List the five layers of the epidermis. Which layer of the epidermis that is present on the soles of feet and the palms is not present on the areas that this student burned? 3. What type of burn has the student received (i.e. First degree, second degree, or third degree)? Describe the symptoms that led you to this conclusion. Explain what caused you to rule out the two types you didn’t pick. Which of the three major layers of the skin are affected by this type of burn? 4. Why is this type of burn so painful? Why are 3 degree burns only painful at the edges? 5. A burn is considered critical (or major) and should receive prompt medical attention if:  over 25% of the body is covered by 2nd degree burns, or  over 10% of the body is covered by 3rd degree burns, or  second or third degree burns of the hands, feet, face, genitals, or anal region . a) b) What percentage of the total body surface has been burned? Show your calculations! {Hint: See the “Rule of nines” on p. 160 of your text and on the next page.} Is the burn critical? Should the student seek medical attention? rd 6. Why is a critical burn dangerous? Describe at least two examples of complications that burn victims may experience that make hospitalization prudent. 7. After a few days the skin peels and the burned areas begin to heal. The student notices that the healing areas are more susceptible to injuries due to chafing or trauma.  How does tissue repair differ between labile and stable tissues (See p. 140)? Would the epidermis and the dermis be considered labile or stable?  Why is the dermis weaker initially than it will be eventually (when healing of the area is complete)? (Hint: see granulation tissue.)  Focus on the epidermis alone. What happens to the cells of the epidermis as they develop that would make this layer less durable when it is new; but more durable upon the passage of time. 8. Because of this incident, this student has become more concerned about potentially harmful conditions of his skin. He is concerned that several moles he has may be cancerous. Assume that you are his nurse or doctor; and explain to this patient what characteristics he should look for in his moles that may indicate they are melanomas. (Hint: You will need to explain the ABCDE system of mole inspection.) 9. Research a different skin disease of your choice and report the following:  The medical name of the disorder.  The cause of the disorder.  The symptoms of the disorder.  The common treatments for the disorder, and the intended purpose of those treatments.

DUE Wednesday, Jan. 16th at the BEGINNING of class.
The Rule of Nines

This chart shows how the surface area of the adult human body can be divided into sections which are roughly equal to 9% or a multiple of 9%. For that reason, dividing up the body surface area in this way is called the “Rule of Nines”. Notice that this chart shows you the total surface area covered by each section. To determine the total surface area burned, multiply the total surface area in the section affected by the percentage of that area that was burned. The total surface area burned is the sum of your results for the trunk added to the sum calculated for the arms and legs. (NOTE: This is not the most accurate way to measure the percentage of the body that is burned on a patient; but it simplifies the process in an emergency.)

Citations You don’t have to cite all your references within the text of your paper; but I do want you to document which sources you used in a section at the end. Be sure to cite your text book and whatever other sources (including Internet sites) you used to get the information included in the report. There is a good link at the URL below that shows examples of the form you should use for them. (This link is also on my “miscellaneous links” if you would rather just click on it.) http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/CITING/cbe.htm .

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