1. THE MOTIVATED SEQUENCE * Basic steps of a motivated sequence.
Motivated sequence is a technique for organizing persuasive speeches that inspire people to take action.
It consists of the following steps : 1. Attention.
Get the attention of your audience using a detailed story shocking examples quotations etc. 2. Need or Identify the problem
Show how the topic applies to the phsychological need of the audience members.The audience needs what motivates the action therefore go beyond establishing their significant problem.Show that the need will not go away by itself ,therefore convince your audience that each one of them has a personal need to take action. 3. Satisfaction
You need to solve thios issue.Provide specific and available solutions that individuals or communities can implement to solve problems 4. Visualization
Tell the audience what will happen if the solution is implemented or does not take place be visual and detailed. 5. Action
Tell the audience what action they can take personally to solve the problem * Structure and development of the steps in the motivated sequence
Step 1: Getting Attention
You must change the attitude at the very beginning if you hope to persuade your listeners to believe or act. Sometimes using methods like rhetorical questions, startling statements, or narratives can accomplish this mission. But sometimes this may be more subdued or low-key. However you open the presentation, remember that you cannot persuade an audience if you don't have their attention.
Although stating your position is sometimes held for later in such a speech, it is often wise to state your proposition--the stance you've taken on your issue--at this time. For example, something like, "today I’ll show you why we need to adopt a inter-department communication plan that will ensure compliance with the new Homeland Security Act."
On occasions when you suspect your audience will be very opposed toward your position, you would be wise to not state your intentions at this time.
Step 2 Stating the Need: The Problem
When you have captured the attention of your listeners, you are ready to make clear why the policy you propose is needed. To do this, you must show that a definite problem exists; you must point out what is wrong with things as they are and, through facts and figures, make clear just how bad the situation is. You must develop a sense of cognitive dissonance in the audience. This cognitive dissonance concept addresses a basic human issue…our need to have balance in our lives. When conditions disrupt that sense of balance we look for ways to steady the ship and return our lives to consistency; to be back in balance.
In its form, a need or problem requires a statement of the problem; illustrations or explanations clarifying the size and scope of the problem, to include a variety of supporting material (statistics, testimony, examples, etc.) which shows the extent and seriousness of the problem. Additionally, you should make clear to the listeners how the problem directly affects them (if possible).
The need step is exceedingly important in your speech, for it is here that your subject is first definitely related to the needs and desires of your listeners.
Step 3 Satisfying the Need: Your Solution
In this step in the speech you must urge the adoption of a policy that has the purpose of getting your listeners to agree with your solution. Here you present your solution in a manner that the listeners will find practical and desirable. We can think of good persuasion is limiting options that your audience will perceive as being acceptable.
Ideally you should state the plan you wish the audience to adopt; explain your thoughts clearly (visual support can be helpful here); make reference to practical experience (if you have some) that proves your proposed solution has worked effectively elsewhere it has been tried; and answer objections or reservations that have or are likely to be raised in opposition to your solution. Addressing potential or logical concerns at this point is important toward any speaker’s credibility. When we address concerns and then refute those concerns audiences will view us with greater trust and credibility.
Step 4 Visualizing the Results
In this step you show the audience how conditions will be in the future should your proposal be accepted or rejected. Clearly tell them how they will benefit from your solution (ranging from concrete benefits of financial gain to abstract benefits of emotional satisfaction). You may also paint the picture of what the future will bring should your plan not be carried out. Whichever approach you take, this step must stand the test of reality: the conditions you picture must be capable of attainment; and they must be made vivid. You want to answer a basic human internal question that asks: “what’s in it for me/us?”
Step 5 Requesting Action
The function of this step is to call for the audience to take some type of action. Commonly this is done with a challenge or appeal, a special inducement, or direct call to bring your planned solution to reality. Do not drag this step out too long - make it clear and specific. Unless a request for action is clear, direct and easy to implement, audiences will seldom feel compelled to act. And then end your presentation with a brief, yet clear closing thought at the finish and be ready for questions that you have already anticipated before the start.
Speaking to Persuade
Persuasion can be thought as being on a continuum - ranging from coercion at one end to merely information at the other. We seek the middle-ground. Goal is to make an audience feel good about your solution; not coerced but not just informed either.
Challenges of Persuasion:
Persuasion seldom comes easily or quickly. Often we need to make multiple efforts and demonstrate patience.
Be realistic in expectations or a great expectation fallacy may emerge. When we expect more than is reasonable or possible; can lead to disappointment and a sense of failure. * Applying the motivated sequence and patterns of internal organization
To persuade
Attention Step; Draw attention to the need.
Need Step; Present evidence to prove the existence of a situation which requires that something be decided and upon which the audience must take a position.
Satisfaction Step; Get the audience to believe that your position on this question is the right one to take, by using evidence and motivational appeals.
Visualization Step; Briefly stimulate a favorable response by projecting this belief into imaginary operation. (Normal end of the speech.)
Action Step;Sometimes: arouse determination to retain this belief (as a guide to future action).
To inform
Attention Step; Draw attention to the subject.
Need Step; Show why the listeners need knowledge of the subject; point out what problems this information will help them meet.
Satisfaction Step; Present information to give them a satisfactory knowledge of the subject as an aid in the solution of these problems; begin and end this presentation with a summary of the main points presented.(Normal end of the speech.)
Visualization Step; Sometimes: briefly suggest pleasure to be gained from this knowledge.
Action Step; Sometimes: urge further study of the subject.
To entertain
Attention Step; Draw attention to the theme.
Need Step; Show why the theme is worthy of consideration.
Satisfaction Step; Elaborate on theme through numerous illustrations that will elicit a pleasurable reaction from the audience.
Visualization Step; Sometimes: briefly suggest what is to be gained through humorous examination of the theme.
Action Step;Sometimes: implore audience to consider lighter side of life.
To actuate
Attention Step; Draw attention to the need.
Need Step; Present evidence to prove the existence of a situation which requires action.
Satisfaction Step; Propose the specific action required to meet this situation;
Visualization Step;Picture the results which such action or the failure to take it will bring;
Action Step; Urge the audience to take definite action proposed.

* The Motivated Sequence and Patterns of internal organization
The application of the patterns to the main points of the speech should satisfy five general criteria for the structure of any speech:
a. The structure of the speech must be easy for the audience to grasp and remember.
b. The pattern must provide for a full and balanced coverage of the material under consideration.
c. The structure of the speech should be appropriate to the occasion.
d. The structure of a speech should be adapted to the audience’s needs and level of knowledge.
i. Some of the patterns we will describe are particularly well suited to times when listeners have little background on some subject, while others are useful in situations where the audience is interested and knowledgeable about the subject under discussion.
e. The speech must move forward steadily toward a complete and satisfying finish.
i. Repeated backtracking to pick up “lost” points will confuse your audience, and you will lose the sense of momentum your structure intended to convey. ii. Throwing out facts in what appears to be a random, thoughtless pattern will not allow you to clarify a point or to amass data that justifies a position you have taken.

Using language to communicate
Essentials of effective word choices
Accuracy is the state of being accurate; freedom from mistakes, this exemption arising from carefulness; exactness; nicety; correctness
Simplicity is the state or quality of being simple. Something which is easy to understand or explain is simple, in contrast to something complicated.
Coherence is the integration of diverse elements, relationships, or values
Intensity is a high degree of a certain feeling
Appropriateness is to take to or for oneself

A. Selecting an appropriate style
The Style and Tone of Speaking
Consider for a few minutes exactly where, when, and how you will be giving your speech. Consider the tone and style of your speech. From there, think about how you will structure your speech, given these various contexts. Thinking about these parameters can give you an idea of the most appropriate language to use in the wording of your speech.
Sectioning Your Speech
As you outline your argument, you will want to break your speech into sections. A speech consists, broadly, of an Introduction, Body, and Conclusion. However, as you begin to highlight your thesis and specific supporting points and examples, you will create additional sections to your speech. This is particularly helpful if you have a long speech because sectioning makes the information easier for your audience to process.
Each section of your speech should have a specific purpose or focus. As you move from one section to the next, you will want to make sure you transition smoothly between each section.
Useful Phrases for Transitions and Sectioning Your Ideas * Generalizing: as a general rule, as a rule, in general, generally, normally, on the whole, usually * Explaining: in other words, that is, this means that * Express likelihood: it is certain that, there is no doubt that, I am confident that, certainly, definitely, clearly, undoubtedly, presumably, will, is, should, it is probable that, it is likely that, probably, can, may, it is possible that, could, might, might possibly, possibly, perhaps * Express doubt: it is doubtful that, maybe, is improbable, is unlikely, it is uncertain, impossible, cannot, can't, will not, is not * Draw attention: it is worth noting that, it should be emphasized that, it should be highlighted that, it should be underlined that, in particular, especially, mainly, chiefly, mostly, it should be pointed out that, it should be noted that, it should be remembered that, it is worth stressing that, is vital, is crucial * Contrasting two points: however, but, in spite of, despite, in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that, nevertheless, nonetheless, instead, conversely, on the contrary, by contrast, whereas, while, whilst, although, even though, on the one hand, on the other hand, in contrast, in comparison with, but, yet, alternatively, the former, the latter, respectively, all the same, there are two possibilities, alternatively, the one, the other, either, or, neither, nor, in addition, no only, but also, worse still, better still, equally, likewise, similarly, correspondingly, in the same way, another possibility, in a similar vein, as well as, furthermore, moreover, also, although, again, what is more, besides, too, as well as * Giving examples or introducing illustrations: for example, for instance, to name an example, to give an example, is well illustrated by, a case point is, such as, such, one of which, illustrates, is an example of this, is shown by, is exemplified by, is illustrated by, (something) is, means, describes, is defined as, is used, is concerned with, deals with, relates to, involves, signifies, consist of * Stating consequences: so, therefore, as a consequence, as a result, now, consequently, because of, thus, for this reason, then, this is why, accordingly, hence, given this, with reference to, given, on this basis, is caused by, causes, due to, has the effect, affects, the reason for, because of this, if, then, results in, leads to, produces, owing to, through, as, since, because * Summarizing: to sum up, in summary, to summarize, in brief, altogether, overall, I conclude, I therefore conclude, reached the conclusion that, it is concluded, therefore, for this reason, then, thus, in conclusion, to bring it all together * Qualifying frequency: never, rarely, sometimes, usually, often, always, generally, on the whole, frequently, occasionally, hardly ever, seldom * Qualifying results: under no circumstances, mainly, generally, predominantly, usually, the majority, most of, almost all, a number of, may be, some, a few, a little, fairly, very, quite, rather, almost * Qualifying change: no, minimal, slight, small, slow, gradual, steady, marked, large, dramatic, complete, steep, sharp, rapid, sudden (rise, increase, fluctuation, decrease, decline, reduction, fall, drop, upward trend, downward trend, peak, plateau, level off)
Avoid Weasel Phrases
Weasel phrases are those that make a lot of promise but do not follow through on the delivery. These trigger phrases often precede statements that lack much substantive quality. These terms are particularly important to avoid so as not to invalidate the credibility of your argument. Here is a list of common weasel phrases:

Source: Boundless. “Choosing Appropriate Words.” Boundless Communications. Boundless, 03 Jul. 2014. Retrieved 25 Feb. 2015 from https://www.boundless.com/communications/textbooks/boundless-communications-textbook/wording-the-speech-11/using-language-effectively-59/choosing-appropriate-words-233-8336/