...TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents The Research Paper Factory Join Search Browse Saved Papers Home Page » English and Literature Fraternities and Negative Effects In: English and Literature Fraternities and Negative Effects FRATERNITY By Martinez, Rugem Joy M. And Espinosa, Pamela A Research Paper in English IV (IV-M) January 20, 2012 Presented to Mrs. Janet Villaroya Teacher Table of Contents I.Introduction A. Background of the Study B. The Statement of the Problem C. Significance of the Study D. Definition of Terms II.Body A. History B. Types of Fraternities C. College and University Fraternities D. Trade Guils III.Conclusion A. Findings B. Summary C. Comments D. Recommendation IV.Bibliography I.Introduction Fraternities and sororities are visible in all colleges and state universities since the 1700's. They were first established to encourage activities outside of the classroom. There are exciting volunteer opportunities and social outlets available in joining these organizations. Not everyone have enough time once someone enters in. In ...
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...ntropyTake-Home Challenge Entropy, Enthalpy, and Free Energy The equation relating these factors is: ∆G = ∆H–T∆S, where G is free energy, H is enthalpy, S is entropy, and T is temperature (in Kelvin). Although temperature values will always be positive, entropy, enthalpy, and free energy values can be positive or negative. For a given process, a quantitative value for each factor can be calculated using the known values of the factors for each reactant involved (see Table 1) according to the general equation ∆ X°rx = Σ X°(products)–Σ X°(reactants). See if the following activity helps you better understand what these quantities really mean. Table 1 HCO3 H+ H2O (l) CO2 (g) - ∆Η° (kJ/mol) -691.1 0 -285.8 -393.5 S° (J/K mol) 94.94 0 69.9 213.6 ∆G° (kJ/mol) -587.1 0 -237.2 -394.4 Materials • • • • • vinegar baking soda thin-walled cup tablespoon measure teaspoon measure Exploration Step 1 Put about 2 tablespoons vinegar in a cup. Add a teaspoon or two of baking soda to the cup. (a) What do you observe through sight, sound, and touch? (b) What kind of change is occurring? (c) What are the formulas of the 2 major components of vinegar and of the one component of baking soda? (d) Write the overall equation and the net ionic equation for the process. Step 2 (a) Define entropy and the significance of the sign of its value. (b) Based on your observations, explain the entropy change for the system observed in Step 1. (c) Use the entropy data from Table 1 to calculate...
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...Discriminatory liberalization Customs Union Economics of European Integration Lecture 1: Economics of preferential liberalization Thomas Blondiau (Center for Economic Studies, KU Leuven) Louvain Institute for Ireland in Europe, January 2012 Thomas Blondiau (Center for Economic Studies, KU Leuven) Preferential liberalization Discriminatory liberalization Customs Union Introduction Graphical analysis Welfare Introduction Questions that we will answer in this section Why was/is the EU so successful? Thomas Blondiau (Center for Economic Studies, KU Leuven) Preferential liberalization Discriminatory liberalization Customs Union Introduction Graphical analysis Welfare Introduction Questions that we will answer in this section Why was/is the EU so successful? What economic forces are driving the spread of European integration? Thomas Blondiau (Center for Economic Studies, KU Leuven) Preferential liberalization Discriminatory liberalization Customs Union Introduction Graphical analysis Welfare Introduction Questions that we will answer in this section Why was/is the EU so successful? What economic forces are driving the spread of European integration? We use a simplifying (NICNIR) economic framework Thomas Blondiau (Center for Economic Studies, KU Leuven) Preferential liberalization Discriminatory liberalization Customs Union Introduction Graphical analysis Welfare Introduction Questions...
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...PMB 103: METABOLISM: BASIC CONCEPTS AND DESIGN Definition of terms; metabolism, bioenergetics and thermodynamics. * Laws of thermodynamics, free energy changes and standard free energy changes in biochemical reactions. * Phosphoryl group transfers and ATP; * Free-energy change for hydrolysis of ATP and other phosphorylated compounds and thioesters. * Role of ATP: phosphorylation, * pyrophosphorylation and adenylation, * assembly of informational macromolecules, * active transport and muscle contraction. * Biological oxidation-reduction reactions; * flow of electrons * dehydrogenations * redox potentials * electron carriers * dehydrogenases * Nature of metabolic reactions: anabolism, catabolism. * regulation of metabolism. Scope of the course * (Review) the laws of thermodynamics and the quantitative relationships among free energy, enthalpy, and entropy. * describe the special role of ATP in biological energy exchanges. Consider the importance of oxidation-reduction reactions in living cells, the energetic of electron-transfer reactions, and the electron carriers commonly employed as cofactors of the enzymes that catalyze these reactions. Reference Books 1. Lehninger, PPls of Biochemistry Fourth Edition David L Nelson and 2. Elementary Biophysics. An introduction. PK. Srivastave Alpha Science Oxford, UK 2005 3. Biophysics. V. Pattabhi and N. Gautham. Second Edition...
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...good that the actual buyer or seller does not receive. There are two sides to externalities; there are both negative and positive externalities. First of all, a negative externality occurs when a decision made from a source (Individual or firm) does not have to pay the full amount of their decision. When talking about a good or a service that has a negative externality, the consumer is usually paying less than society. When a consumer makes a decision, typically they weight their marginal cost and benefit, but they do not weight the negative externality, which creates a huge disorganized market. As for the producer, they do not take the responsibility of external costs, so these costs are passed on to society. In addition, negative externalities occur everyday, from our jobs, homes and even children. In an article from BBC news, it explains the negative externalities that England received from smoke-free legislatures introduced. In the article it stated, “A study showed a 12% drop in the first year after the law to stop smoking in enclosed public places came into force. The authors say there is growing evidence that many people are opting for smoke-free homes as well. Asthma UK says the findings are "encouraging".” With these numbers more homes would be determined for smoke free homes, which reduces the negative externality smoking produces. As I stated before, a negative externality is produced when the marginal social benefits are less than the marginal private benefits. If...
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...pay the cost of negative externalities of their products, so the public contribution increases their profit. As these products are profitable, so they produce more not considering the increasing worse affects of them on public health. In reality, these negative externalities, starts a cruel chain of increased sales, big profit and more diseases. High growth of production and sale of cigarette, alcoholic drinks and unhealthy foods like fast food, fizzy drinks and processed snacks of this century are the major examples of negative externalities. The total economic profit and loss of all participants involved, defined the overall cost and benefit to society, but this cost accounting that cover only producers and consumers do not include profit and loss received by third party due positive and negative externalities of these production / services. That’s why this third party automatically gets extra moral and political problems as well as free advantages...
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...Distinguish between positive and negative freedom. Both classical liberals and modern liberals priorities freedom, however have different views to what freedom really is. While modern liberals don't reject negative freedom all together there are still certain beliefs that they disagree with. The long-term goal of both classic liberals and modern liberals is to promote individual autonomy. During the course of this essay i will explore the different beliefs that both liberals believe in and define positive and negative freedom. Negative freedom is the absence of external constraints on the individual. It is the belief that people should be able to act in the way they please (for example, free speech). This is a belief supported strongly by classical liberals however, there are similar ideas supported by modern liberals. Classical liberals believe this to be a good thing as the more negative freedom you have, the more ability you have to do what it is you desire. Charles taylor defined negative freedom as an ‘opportunity concept’ of freedom. This is the idea that negative freedom give you access to a whole range of opportunities which give the individual freedom of choice to whether one takes advantage of these opportunities or not. Negative freedom, however, is not a practical policy in society. While it may sound beneficial, it leave the question to whether you are truly free if someone elses freedom inflicts upon yours. As a result limited state intervention...
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...The Effect of Board Size and Ownership Structure on the Financial Performance: An Empirical Study on Egypt Nourhan K. Karkoura* Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt Abstract Corporate governance can be viewed as a mechanism that ensures external investors receive proper returns on their investments. This paper investigates the effect of board size and the effect of ownership structure on firm performance in Egypt. Using a sample non- financial corporation from the most active 50 corporations listed in the stock exchange after excluding banks and financial firms for the period 2007 to 2009. This study adopts a correlational research design using secondary data from the disclosure book issued by the Egyptian stock exchange. Multiple regressions are used to determine the extent to which variations in performance of the most active corporations is explained by the board size and ownership structure. Firm financial performance is measured by return on assets, returns on equity and Tobin Q ratio, while corporate governance aspects were board size and ownership structure. Keywords: board size, ownership structure, financial performance, and Egypt Nourhan K. Karkoura, Graduate Teacher Assistant in Finance and Investment Department, Faculty of Financial and Administrative Sciences, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, E-mail: nourhan.khaled@pua.edu.eg 1. Introduction The importance of corporate board size and ownership structure as a mechanism of corporate governance...
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...ch3 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. Maintaining goodwill within an organization can improve a firm's financial performance. True False 2. Goodwill is not important in government organizations. True False 3. More and more organizations are realizing that treating employees well is financially wise as well as ethically sound. True False 4. Goodwill is important externally but does not need to be considered when communicating with people within an organization. True False 5. The word "you" does not necessarily have to be included in a message that conveys the you-attitude. True False 6. Wordiness means having more words than the meaning of a message requires. True False 7. Wordiness helps to clarify a message by making it concise and easy to read. True False 8. Adding words to increase you-attitude or develop a reader benefit will make a sentence wordy. True False 9. The word "you" should be used in all business messages in order to convey the you-attitude. True False 10. Long sentences, by definition, are wordy. True False 11. Revisions to sentences in order to include the you-attitude should not change the basic meaning of the message. True False 12. To best convey the you-attitude, a company should refer to a customer's order generically as "Your order" since the customer already knows what he ordered. True False 13. A sentence that focuses on the communicator's...
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...Affects of Globalization and Free Trade The idea of free trade is a big issue in the United States because it has so many positive and negative effects on our daily lives. Free trade is a market in which goods and services between countries are traded by government rules and restrictions. Some of these rules and regulations include taxes, non-tariff barriers, quotas, legislation, and other regulations. These regulations are there to keep domestic industries from being taken over from foreign competition. Some people think that free trade is a good thing because when we get products from other countries, the consumers can actually afford them. If we had to make cell phones, computer, sneakers, and items like that here, no one could afford those things. On the other hand, because we are shipping so many jobs overseas, many people in the U.S. are losing their jobs. If we keep the jobs here, no one could afford things like a cell phone, and if we use free trade to get products from overseas, we lose jobs. This is called outsourcing. Free trade is an issue that affects many people, in both positive and negative ways. Free trade is one of the reasons people in the United States are able to have such nice things. People take everyday things for granted, such as cell phones, lab tops, cars, and much more. If all of these products were made in the United States, most people would not be able to afford them. By the United States being able to get goods from other countries...
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...Using the information in the data and your own economic knowledge, evaluate the economic case for and against governments attempting to influence how mobile phones are manufactured and used. (25) The government should intervene in the mobile phone market to correct market failure due to the presence of negative externalities. Negative externalities are detrimental third-party effects caused by the production and/or consumption of a good. A public good is a good provided free of charge to the consumer, by the government. A public good is non-excludable and non-rivalrous. A merit good is a good that gives positive externalities upon production and/or consumption. A merit good is non-excludable, yet rivalrous. The negative externalities of mobile phone production stem from the production and consumption of the service broadcasting masts provide. The demand for broadcasting masts is derived from the demand for mobile phones. Broadcasting masts are said to cause negative externalities in the form of health-issues, such as cancer (Extract F, line 7). Negative health effects are a drain on government resources as healthcare is provided as a public good by the government, in the form of the NHS. An increase in cases of ill-health will cause an increase in the demand for the NHS, costing the government and tax payers money which is finite and must be put to its best use. As the demand for mobile phones is highly inelastic (Extract E, Line 9), the demand for broadcasting masts is...
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...by the growth of monopolies, mergers, and cartel-type activities which often use their market power to the disadvantage of consumers. a) Examine the arguments in favour of a free-market system of resource allocation b) Explain how market failure can occur and suggest how the government in a country of your choice has sought to correct those market failures. 1.0 FREE MARKET SYSTEM ‘’If you leave the Market going alone, it will balance as there was an invisible hand’’ (Smith,1776). Free markets have many virtues. Arguably, the most recognized is the expansion of individual choice, and thus freedom, through mutually beneficial exchange. (Bauer, 2002, p.171) 1.1 Basis of the free Market: According to Adam Smith ,the free market system was based in: Free enterprise or ‘’Laisser faire’’, individualist, risk, capitalism. * Free enterprise (Laisser faire): The government does not run anything. * Individualist: Only individual matter, not community, not society. * Risk: Everyone can make a lot or can loose a lot. Everyone take his owns risks. * Capitalism: where the main thing is to make profit. 2.0 THERE ARE FOUR MAIN ARGUMENTS IN FAVOR OF A FREE MARKET SYSTEM: 1) DEMAND AND SUPPLY MAKE PRICE 2.1 A free market is a competitive market where prices are determined by Supply and Demand: Where demand and supply intersect, we have what Smith called the natural price of the product. ...
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...25-01-2012 Due Date : Wed, 01-02-2012 Ratios to be Calculated * Net Operating Working Capital * Total Working Capital * Net Operating Profit after Taxes * Free Cash Flows * Market Value Added Net Operating Working Capital = Current Assets – Current Liabilities Rupee (000) | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | Current Assets | 3262718 | 1779477 | 2143328 | Current Liabilities | (3731902) | (2128504) | (2343211) | Net Operating Working Capital | 6994620 | 3907981 | 4486539 | Total Working Capital = Net Operating Working Capital + Operating Long Term Assets | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | Net Operating Working Capital | 6994620 | 3907981 | 4486539 | Operating Long Term Assets | 7771887 | 8400165 | 7843424 | Total Working Capital | 14766507 | 12308146 | 12329963 | Net Operating Profit after Taxes =EBIT * ( 1 - Tax rate ) | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | EBIT | 518229 | 609962 | 987894 | (1- Tax rate) | 1-0.35=0.65 | 0.65 | 0.65 | Net Operating Profit after Taxes | 336849 | 396475 | 642131 | Free Cash Flows = NOPAT – Net investments in operating Assets | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | NOPAT | 336849 | 396475 | 642131 | Depreciation | 50432 | 435763 | 413417 | Change in Working Capital | 390829 | (578372) | (730257) | Capital Expenditure | 260046 | 283092 | 103263 | Free Cash Flows | (263594) | 1127518 | 222028 | Market Value Added = Market value of Stock at present day - Book Value of the Stock | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | Market Value | 99.81...
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...development of society and the improvement of technology, our need for higher educated people and high-tech talents is growing. President Obama proposes making community college tuition-free for responsible students, in order to let more students receive the bachelor’s degree and earn skills that meet employer needs. The proposal is a good starting point because more students can have the opportunities to get higher education, especially for students who are from low income families. On contrast, the government has not enough funds to pay off the tuition fees and free tuition might bring some negative impacts to student, such as a decline in the quality of teaching, and student will care less about their study, so I consider it is...
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...Brian Han Ethics Case Study Issue: Was the decision to provide free yard maintenance to hospital board members ethical? Rule: A conflict of interest is a set of circumstances that creates a risk that professional judgment or actions regarding a primary interest will be unduly influenced by a secondary interest. Analysis: When the maintenance crew was ordered by the CEO to provide free services to the board of trustees, a conflict of interest occurred for the board members. The primary interests of the board of trustees are to serve the hospital, the community, and use resources responsibly. The secondary interest of accepting the services as a form of “compensation” for their unpaid time created a risk of professional judgment because the hospital’s resources were provided to the trustees for personal gain. This act could also be seen as bribery because trustees may place favor towards the CEO when making decisions such as voting. Conclusion: The decision to provide free yard maintenance to board members was unethical because by providing services to the board of trustees, a potential conflict of interest occurred. ACHE Rule: Disclose financial and other conflicts of interest. (1F) Analysis: The free yard maintenance was undisclosed because David Herrington found unexplained ratios and productivity figures in the financial reports of the maintenance department. He went to Larry Gruver who then told him the truth and claimed he had been keeping his mouth shut. This was a...
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