...The effect of prior positive interaction with the group on conformity and distinctiveness in consumer decision making.” ! Name: Lavinia Rusu Student ID: 4485335 ! ! Table of Contents ! 1. Abstract .....................................................................................2 2. Introduction ................................................................................3 3. Summary of Article ........................................................................3 a. Conformity. Distinctiveness. Interaction within a group .................3 b. Experiment .........................................................................4 c. Structure ............................................................................5 4. Analysis. Conformity vs. Distinctiveness.............................................5 5. Global Business Consumer Behaviour .................................................8 6. Conclusions .................................................................................9 7. References.................................................................................10 8. Bibliography ..............................................................................11 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !1 ! 1. Abstract The following report has the aim of critically analysing the “If I want you to like me, should I be like you or unlike you? The effect of prior positive interaction with the group on conformity and distinctiveness in consumer decision making” consumer...
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...environment and to individual students themselves. Over the last decade, uniforms in public schools have increased, bringing a great deal of controversy along with them. With this public controversy there have been lawsuits, increased media attention, criticism from parents and complaints from students as well as increased academic research. There have been many recent studies done that offer evidence that school uniforms have been effective in many different ways. The purpose of this paper is to argue in favor of the implementation of school uniforms in our public education system by addressing these different articles and studies on the implementation of school uniforms. Ann Bodine wrote an ethnography about a city in the United States and the introduction of school uniforms. In her article she writes about the introduction of school uniforms and how it intersects with different aspects of life. Bodine describes students’ clothing as a “screen on which are projected all kinds of beliefs, anxieties and aspirations about children” (2003, p. 60). Through her observations of people and their clothing she noticed that the concept of dress as a form of free speech is only a tiny part of the meaning they are actually trying to convey with their clothing. (p.67) Clothing is used to express identity through terms of socioeconomic status, membership in certain groups as well as other factors of identity that often marginalize students who don’t fit specific criteria. Bodine examines the...
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...Social Theories of Crime Linda Robuck AIU Online Abstract This text seeks to make more understandable and explain what social theories are all about, using four different social theories. The beginning of this text will offer a general description or definition of not only what exactly social theories are, but also a description or definition for each of the four theories mentioned earlier. For each of the theories, information that will be included involves a description of each theory, a short history of each theory which will include information with respect to when the theory was proposed, who the relevant theorist or theorists associated with each theory were, strengths of each theory which explains criminal behavior, why each theory was important at the time of its proposal, weaknesses of each theory which explain criminal behavior, and particular examples that will correspond with each of the four theories being discussed. A theoretical application involving an individual who has recently been convicted of a crime will be provided. Along with information regarding the individual and their criminal deviance particular to them, a discussion will ensue in regard to which of the four theories would be most relevant in regard to further explanation of the deviant actions committed by the individual. Social Theories of Crime Introduction In the annals of the early nineteenth century, criminology can find its beginnings in a newly urbanized...
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...l University of Phoenix Material Personality Theories Matrix THEORY | Psychoanalytic | Neo-Freudian | Trait | Biological | Humanistic |Behavioral/ Social | Cognitive | |School of Thought (List the factors that each school believes influence personality development) |Psychosexual stages: 1.Oral-Focus on mouth and a satisfaction of sucking and biting. 2. Anal-Pleasure of anus and a concern with feces. 3.Phallic-Fear and anxiety of castration from his father because of sexual desires for one’s mother. 4. Latency-Repression of infantile sexuality. 5.Gential-Maturity of sexuality, capable of genuine love. Concepts of Mental structure: 1. Id-Basic impulses, sexual and aggressive. Impulsive and irrational. This is also known as the pleasure principle when one seeks immediate satisfaction regardless of the consciences. 2. Ego-Test reality, seeks safety and survival, rational, and logic. 3. Super-Ego-Ideal and moral, strives for perfection, dictates, incorporative, imposes limitations on satisfactions. Unconscious Conflict: This is when a person may have a fear of certain things and may use other things to describe the fear. Example: If someone was afraid of an animal that they have never been in contact with. This may be a sign of a fear that is revealed as an unconscious conflict with something they know nothing about. |Alfred Adler: Strive for superiority: Born with a sense of inferiority. Striving to overcome these deficiencies of weakness and helplessness...
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...555 August 29, 2014 Academic Freedom Academic freedom is defined as the right of teachers and students to express their ideas in the classroom or in writing, free from political, religious, or institutional restrictions, even if these ideas are unpopular (Academic Freedom, N.D.). Teachers and students have rights of academic freedom in various areas that will be outlined in this section: * Appointments and dismissals – Teachers should only be hired based on their ability to perform the tasks related to the job and their knowledge in their particular field of employment. They should not be hired, nor fired based on their sex, race, religion, political affiliation, nationality, or anything not related to their ability to do their job. Teachers may not be fired for holding or expressing an opinion neither, but only for lack of competence and poor performance. * Loyalty Oaths – Teachers have the option to commit to oaths based on whether or not it contradicts the loyalty to their homeland country or religious beliefs. * Curriculum – The teacher has the right to prompt thinking within a lesson, but not to a point that it implies something unorthodox is an acceptable way of living. * Selection of texts & Supplementary Information – Teachers may provide extra resources for students to use as research in order to expand and provide other points of views so that they are not limited to one point of view. * Freedom to teach controversial Issues – Teachers have...
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...SOCIOLOGY – AQA – UNIT 4 - CRIME AND DEVIANCE The exam is split into 3 questions: • Q.1 is a pure methods section which contains two parts a) 12 marks and b) 21 marks. You should spend 45 minuets on this question. • Q.2 is a method in context question. Part a) is for 9 marks [could also be a 3 and 6 mark question] and part b) is for 15 marks. You should spend 30 minuets on this question. • Q.3 is a theories essay for 33 marks. THIS QUESTION IS SYNOPTIC! You should spend 45 minuets on this question. Below is a list of all the areas and studies you need to know for each section of the exam. Don’t worry if you don’t know all the studies, each college/school are likely to teach slightly different ones, just make sure you know about that amount for each section. Q.1 For the first two pure crime parts you need to know: Functionalist theories of crime and deviance Durkheim – Social control, social regulation including suicide Merton-Strain theory, blocked aspirations Cohen – Status frustration Cloward and Ohlin – Deviant subcultures New Right/Right Realism James Wilson – Strict law enforcement needed Wilson and Kelling – Broken windows, zero tolerance Murray – Cultural deprivation, single parents and ineffective, the underclass Erdos – Families without fathers Subcultural theories Cohen – Delinquent subcultures Cloward and Ohlin – Delinquency and opportunity, criminal, conflict and retreatist...
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...2012 AIU Online 6/23/2012 ------------------------------------------------- Theories of Crime Causation Unit 3 Ind. Project The Sociological Theories Abstract The author of this paper focuses on the mainstream of criminology and the sociological theories of crime that have dominated the landscape for decades. The author focuses specifically on the social control theory, strain theory, differential association theory and the neutralization theory. These theories are often spoken due to their historical significance which was discovered during research in an attempt to examine delinquency and deviant behavior. Included in this paper the author shares with you her opinion as to the strengths and weaknesses of each theory. Further, she provides you with an example of a recent criminal arrest as it pertains to one of the aforementioned theories and the relevance that it has in explaining the offenders criminal actions. The first and most influential strain theorist is Robert K. Merton (1938). His original statement of anomie/strain theory is the basis for all of the theoretical developments. The strain has two associate components the first component is strictly focused on the concept of anomie (abnormalities), while the second is centered on the social structures, and the influences that society contributes to the strain theory. If you were to separate or combined these two components either way can lead an individual to a higher level of deviance...
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...Renooka Alummoottil Engl 1302-45400 Dr. Shazia Ali July 1, 2013 Home School vs Public School Education When it comes to education, the choice on what form of education is best for a child should be of the utmost importance to parents. In order to choose the best education environment for a child, certain matters have to be taken into consideration. Parents need to be educated on the advantages and disadvantages of both public and home school education. Having all the information would enable them to make the best decision for their child’s education. One type of academic setting may be suitable for some children and not others. “In 2007, the number of homeschooled students was about 1.5 million, an increase from 850,000 in 1999 and 1.1 million in 2003. The percentage of the school-age population that was homeschooled increased from 1.7 percent in 1999 to 2.9 percent in 2007. The increase in the percentage of homeschooled students from 1999 to 2007 represents a 74 percent relative increase over the 8-year period and a 36 percent relative increase since 2003” (U.S. Department of Education). These facts support the view that the trend of parents moving to educate their children at home is more beneficial to the child. Because each child is different and may have different needs, they would benefit from an individualized attention setting in order to grow and thrive which cannot be provided by the public school system. If a child is in a setting that is not suitable for them...
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...Chapter 1 Developing Self-Awareness True/False Questions Key Dimensions of Self-Awareness 1. Self-awareness is at the foundation of personal life management skills. True (page 58, easy, recall) If false, why? The Enigma of Self-Awareness 2. Empirical evidence indicates that people who are more self-aware are healthier, perform better in leadership roles, and are more productive at work. True (page 59, easy, recall) If false, why? 3. The concept of sensitive line refers to the point at which individuals welcome information about themselves from their co-workers. False (page 59, moderate, recall) If false, why? The concept of sensitive line refers to the point at which people become defensive or protective of information about themselves 4. Marvin consistently finds fault with Alicia’s competence as a manager. Because Alicia has been told she is doing a good job and therefore responds in a threat rigid way. Thus, her most likely response will be to defend herself in light of Marvin’s accusations. True (page 60, moderate, understanding) If false, why? 5. Self-awareness can be managed by exercising minimal control over when and what kind of information one receives about oneself and by not involving others in the pursuit of self-understanding. False (page 60, moderate, understanding) If false, why? It requires more than minimal control. Understanding and Appreciating...
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...Fighting for Freedom Maria G. Ramirez 07/17/2014 Fresno Pacific University Com-342, Adv Acad Research & Comp. Instructor: Jon Edicott Abstract Females in school are exposed to all kinds of different rules that takes away their right to express themselves. During this essay you will find reasons why dress codes are difficult to follow upon female student. This essay will also explore some of the different controversial issues between schools and female students due to the dress code policy, and the different ways females use to fight back. School dress codes are more for females than males, because schools see women as distraction for males and others. Schools dress codes are messing with the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which gives the students the right to express themselves, without hurting others. We will see how females fight back on what they believe it is taking their freedom of speech and freedom to express their unique personalities. Fighting For Freedom Women like to express themselves through clothing, shoes, hair, make up and all kind of different accessories. Regardless of what color, religion, what body size or shape they have, females like to personalize their style using fashion and new trends. While parents drill on their female children the importance to love and feel comfortable with themselves no matter how they look. Schools portrays women as a “distraction” for men and others. They are constantly...
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...History of Politics A Research Paper Presented to The class of Miss Rhoda Mae R. Navasquez Southern Cotabato Academy, Inc. In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Subject English IV by Jeison L. Omandam December 01, 2011 INTRODUCTION Political history is the description and analysis of significant political occasions, movements, thoughts, and leaders. Typically it is developed around the nation states. It is distinguished from but relevant to other areas of history such as economic history, social history, and military history. Usually, political history discusses events pertaining to nation-states and the political process in particular. As per Hegelian doctrine, Political History ‘is a perception of the state with a guiding force beyond the material benefits of its subjects: it meant that the state was the root factor of historical change’. This differs with one, for example, social history, which predominantly discusses the events and lifestyles of common folks, or people’s history, that is historical account from the view point of a lay person. A study of political history typically centers on a single nation and its political change and aggrandizement. A few historians highlight the ever increasing drift toward confined specialization in political history over the course of recent decades: ‘wherein a college professor in the 1940s resorted to identify himself as a “historian”, by the 1950s “American historian” was the designation.’ Political...
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...T3 ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, SOCIALIZATION AND MENTORING Organizational Culture: Shared values and beliefs that underlie a company’s identity. Values: - Guide the organization’s thinking and actions. - Dimensions: Prosocial, Market, Financial, Achievement, Artistic - They define: * What metters: where people will spend time and energy * Actions: the way companies operate (decision-making criteria) Layers of Organizational Culture: 1) ESPOUSED VALUES (Core values and guiding principles) - Strategies, plans, philosophies, company regulation, working method, company’s goal - They require everyone to obey ENACTED VALUES Values and norms that are actually exhibited or converted into employee behavior) 2) OBSERVABLE ARTIFACTS Dress, acronyms, awards, myths, stories, ceremonies, ways of communicating 3) BASIC ASSUMPTIONS Actions inconceivable in a certain culture (unsafe behavior, refusal to learn languages,…) Outcomes associated with Culture: * Attitudes and Behaviors * Job Satisfaction * Commitment * Intentions to stay in the company * Quality of communication Four Functions of Organizational Culture: Establish who the company is and what it stands for, to drive energy around that is really important to promote social system stability and to shape behavior by helping members make sense of their surroundings. Understanding Organizational Culture: Sustainability and Values: - Sustainability is not just about conserving...
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...Introduction to Psychology: January 12, 2015 3 Main Problems of Psychology 1) Determinism vs. Freewill * The idea that everything that happens has a cause (determinism) versus the belief that behavior is cause by a person’s independent decisions (freewill) 2) The Mind-Brain Problem * The philosophical question of how experience relates to the brain. 3) The Nature-Nurture Issue * “How do differences in behavior relate to differences in heredity and environment?” Intro to Psych: Wednesday, January 14 2015 Three major philosophical issues with psychology: Free Will vs. Determinism - Determinism: Everything that happens has a cause. - Free Will: the belief that behavior is cause by a person’s independent decisions The Mind-Brain Problem - The philosophical question of how experience relates to the brain. - How is brain activity linked with our experienced? - There is a close relationship with brain activity and psychological events - “Do we feel first, or do we think first?” Nature-Nurture Issue - “How do differences in behavior relate to differences in heredity and environment?” Milgram and the shock experiment test Psychiatry - different from psychology in the way that a psychiatrist can prescribe medication and psychologists can not. - branch of the medical field that focuses on the brain and mental disorders **Get to know both of the “What Psychologists Do” handouts from class Quick History of Psychology Early...
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...COMM 3673 Test #2 Study Guide, Fall 2015 Media/Society, Ch. 6: Social Inequality & Media Representation · Comparing Media Content and the “Real World”: four issues raised by this comparison (pp. 188-189) o First – literature in media and cultural studies reminds us that representation are not reality, even if media readers or audiences may sometimes be tempted to judge them as such. § Representations are the result of process of selection that invariably mean that certain aspects of reality are highlighted and others neglected. § All representations re-present the social world in ways that are both incomplete and narrow. o Second – the media usually do not try to reflect the “real” world. o Creators of media products use entertainment media to comment on the real social world. Readers and audiences develop at least some sense of the social world through their exposure to both entertainment media and news media. · Third – Concerns the troublesome term real. o The concept of a “real” world may seem like a quaint artifact from the past. o Social constructionist perspective. § No representation of reality can ever be totally “true” or “real” because it must inevitably frame an issue and choose to include and exclude certain components of a multifaceted reality. o Fourth- Seems to imply that the media should reflect society. o For many people, media are an escape from the realities of daily life. o Therefore, how “real” media...
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...An assignment on Behaviors of managers with their workers in Apple Inc. Submitted by: Submitted to: Date of submission: TABLE OF CONTENT Contents Page no. Executive summary 02 Introduction 03 Comparison of organizational structure and culture 03 Impact of organizational structure and culture 04 Factors influencing individual behavior 05 Comparison of the effectiveness of different leadership styles 05 “Organizational theory underpins the practice of management” 07 Different approaches to management 08 Impact of different leadership styles on motivation 09 Comparison of the application of different motivational theories 09 Evaluation of the usefulness of a motivation theory 10 The nature of groups and group behavior 11 Factors promoting or inhibiting the development of effective teamwork 12 Impact of technology on team functioning 13 References 15 Executive Summary This assignment basically discusses the behavior of managers to the employees to a particular business organization. Explaining and discussing the aforementioned issue, the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organizations is compared. Apart from that the different...
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