...BRAND MANAGEMENT THE REFLECTIONS OF COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN EFFECT ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to reflect ‘country-of-origin effect’ (COO) on consumers’ brand perceptions and their behavioral intensions. It has been proved that the country of origin of a product was one of the two or three most important attributes in preference evaluation. A comprehensive review of the literature regarding the effect of country of origin on consumer perceptions of products and services, COO in France and France Cosmetics Industry have also been handled. In this study, it has been indicated that customer perceptions differ significantly on the basis of product/service and country of origin. The country of origin may be an important element in the perceptions of consumers about the products and services especially where little other information is known. However, the question of how much influence the country of origin provides in product and service evaluations remains unclear. Keywords: Country of origin, cultural values, brand, consumer perceptions. 1 SECTION 1-COUNTRY OF ORIGIN EFFECT Impact of Country of Origin on International Marketing The impact of country of origin (COO) on the consumer's perception of products has been one of the most widely studied areas of international marketing. (Samiee, 1994; Peterson and Jolibert, 1995, Leonidou et al, 1999). Increasing globalization of today's business environment has also renewed the interest in...
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...http://businesspartnerr.blogspot.com/2013/03/eugene-schueller-loraal.html Eugène Schueller (L'Oréal) 15.58 No comments L'Oréal, one of the largest companies in France, is the world's largest manufacturer of high-quality cosmetics and perfumes, producing such well-known brands as Lancôme, Ambre Solaire, and Cacharel. Its total sales are &Dollar;2.4 billion ahead of those of its closest competitor, Unilerver, an more than double those of Revlon and Shiseido. It boasts a world-wide distribution network as well as the industry's highest research-and-development budget and the largest cosmetological laboratories in the world. L'Oréal's story begins in turn-of-the-century Paris, at a time when women of the demi-monde dyed their hair, their choice restricted to fiery red or coal black. In 1907, Eugène Schueller, a young chemist, began to concoct the first synthetic hair dyes by night in his kitchen and sell them to hair salons in the morning under the brand name Auréole. His strategy was successful; within two years he established the Société Francaise des Teintures Inoffensives pour Cheveux, which soon afterward became L'Oréal. In 1912, the company extended its sales to Austria, Holland and Italy and by 1920 its products were available in a total of 17 countries, including the United States, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Equador, Bolivia, and the Soviet Union, and in the Far East. At this stage, L'Oréal consisted of three research chemists and ten sales representatives...
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...he became a chairman of his father’s company. At that time, he took over a Cognac company, Hennessy. As François Mitterrand who was a socialisms became a president of France in 1981; he moved to the U.S. because he didn’t fit to Mitterrand’s policy. While he was staying in the U.S., he started to take over a lot of fashion companies. There was an interesting opportunity why he started to focus on Fashion Company. One day, he took a taxi in New York and he asked driver, “Do you know who the president of France is?” The driver couldn’t answer, but he knew a French fashion brand, Christian Dior. After then, he thought a promising business is what people know a lot. In 1984, starting from Christian Dior, he started to took over a lot of fashion companies, such as Louis Vuitton, Chloe, Givenchy, BVLGARI, etc. In July 1988, Bernard Arnault acquired Céline. In 1993, LVMH acquired Berluti and Kenzo In 1994, LVMH acquired the perfume firm Guerlain. In 1996, he bought out Loewe and it was followed by Marc Jacobs and Sephora in 1997, also he bought Thomas Pink in 1999, Emilio Pucci in 2000 and Fendi, DKNY and La Samaritaine in 2001 (Wikipedia.com). His aggressive M&A strategy broke down fashion brands which had...
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...A09-13-0010 Dr. Laura L. Matherly Dr. Anup Nandialath Dr. Claire Richards Arabic Perfumes and the Purchased for use by Victor Alves on 24-Apr-2016. Order ref F271010. You are permitted to view the material on-line and print a copy for your personal use until 24-Apr-2017. Please note that you are not permitted to reproduce or redistribute it for any other purpose. Global Fragrance Market Walk through any of the United Arab Emirates’ (UAE) large, air-conditioned shopping malls, and the scent of spicy, Arabic perfume abounds. Shoppers encounter a dizzying array of scents presented, sprayed, and waved through the air at every turn. Demand in the global fragrances market was expected to be strong through 2014, primarily due to the rise in spending in developing countries. Industry experts predicted healthy sales and a grow- ing fragrance manufacturing industry within the region. The UAE and other countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have a strong and unique culture that favors the appreciation of perfumery. Stemming from a tradition and culture dating back thousands of years, both men and women in the Gulf like to apply layer upon layer of fragrances which linger long after the wearer has moved on. Arabic perfumes are made from oud, a rare and hugely prized oil found in agar wood. The tree that produces oud goes back thousands of years in culture and tradition, and grows in some of the world’s most dense forests in India and Southeast Asia. Known not only...
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...Laurice Abigail C. So, Marian Cathleen C. Submitted to: Mr. Carlsberg S. Andres, CPA, M.Sci. in Finance Instructor I. Statement of the Problem Alfin Fragrances, Inc. is a U.S.-based high-priced French perfume importer and marketer introducing a new line of cosmetic product, Glycel. In this new venture however, the company is unsure on how to finance the growth of this product. In the company’s existing capital structure, they are underleveraged, which means that the firm is financing their operations and growth more with equity, which has become too costly. The researchers have identified that Alfin Fragrances, Inc. needs another mean to finance their growth and costs in their new venture. II. Alternatives Based on the researchers’ findings on the financial statements of Alfin Fragrances, Inc., the following alternatives are subject for assessment: Firstly, the company would finance its new venture and operations with external financing through a 56.83% backed-debt and a 43.17% backed-equity. Second, by still not issuing dividends to stockholders, the company can internally finance projects, aiding in the company’s growth and an increase in retained earnings that can be used to fund the operating costs in their venture into the cosmetics industry. Lastly, should there be excess funds, the company will provide 14.63% as capital for advertising expense to establish a market in their new product line, leading to an increase in sales and profit. ...
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...A PROJECT REPORT ON “USER BUYING BEHAVIOR TOWARDS PERFUME” INTRODUCTION In this research we have survey the product performance and buying behavior of the fragrance of perfumes, which are used by people of all ages. During this research we have interacted with people of all ages who use perfume. After this research we came to know how people perceives these products on the variables like price, fragrance, advertisement, satisfaction, packaging, brand loyalty etc. We also came to know which particular brand of perfume is most preferred by people of different age groups. In this research we have surveyed that how frequently and how much perfume they use, whether they buy small, big or family pack. Trend of ongoing changes in their likings has been shown in the report. In this report we have tried to explain the entire research and facts product wise. Advantages of Marketing research Indicates current Market Trends Marketing Research keep business unit in touch with the current market trends and offer guidance for facing market situation with confidence. Pinpoints deficiencies in Marketing policies Marketing Research pinpoints the deficiencies as regards product, pricing, promotion, etc. it give guidance regarding different of marketing. They include product development, branding, and packaging. Explains customer resistance Marketing Research is useful for finding out customer resistance to company’s products. Remedial measures...
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...To establish its own success, Gillette tried many ways to exploit and develop. For example, Gillette spearheaded the acquisition for many companies of different industries, such as Braun AG (German manufacturer of small appliances), S.T. Dupont (French maker of luxury lighters), Eve of Roma (high-fashion perfume) and Jafra Cosmetics (home sales) and so on. Some of these companies became the victims for the success of future development. Four of these acquisitions proved to be unprofitable or unsuitable and were divested, and the other three yielded low profits by Gillette’s standards. One example is that there is a French manufacturer Bic, which excelled in disposable products. Gillette has a company in the same industry, Paper Mate. The French manufacturer big brought some trouble to the Paper Mate. It s $0.19 disposable stick pens particularly affected the Paper Mate line of refillable pens and drove Paper Mate’s share of the retail ballpoint pen market from over 50 percent down to 13 percent. Although Gillette got a success in building market share when reintroduced to be market in 1975 with heavy price promotions. But the two other products of Bic, its disposable razors and lighters, which were being marketed very successfully in Europe and elsewhere and threatening Gillette’s strengths. And the loss of before is a victim for Gillette. Another thing that Gillette became a victim is about advertising. Schick sued Gillette for misleading claims of technological superiority...
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...with change in cost of production 10 Change in supply and demand by other non-price determinants: 10 Analysis of the price elasticity of demand 11 Availability of close Substitutes 11 Passage of Time 11 Luxuries versus Necessities 11 Definition of the Market 11 References 13 Table of figures Figure 1 Founder, Adam Ashgar Ali 2 Figure 2 Musk Al Arab 15 Ml Oil Perfume Price Changes 5 Figure 3 Musk Al Arab Oil Perfume 5 Figure 4 Bakhoor Al Nabeel 40 Gm Price Changes 6 Figure 5 Bakhoor Al Nabeel 6 Figure 6 Changes With Consumer’s Income 7 Figure 7 Changes With Competing Product 7 Figure 8 Changes With Demographics 8 Figure 9 Changes With Technology 8 Figure 10 Changes With Competitors 9 Figure 11 Changes In Cost Of Production 10 Figure 12 Changes By Non-Price Determinants 10 Figure 13 Ped Of Bakhoor Al Nabeel, Elastic 12 Table of tables Table 1 Musk Al Arab Oil Perfume Price Change Past Two Years 5 Table 2 Bakhoor Al Nabeel Price Changes Past Two Years 6 Introduction Figure 1 Founder, Adam Ashgar Ali Figure 1 Founder, Adam Ashgar Ali A Nabeel perfume is a perfume manufacturing company founded in 1969, headquartered in Sharjah Airport...
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...Company History: L'Oréal, one of the largest companies in France, is the world's largest manufacturer of high-quality cosmetics and perfumes, producing such well-known brands as Lancôme, Ambre Solaire, and Cacharel. Its total sales are &Dollar;2.4 billion ahead of those of its closest competitor, Unilerver, an more than double those of Revlon and Shiseido. It boasts a world-wide distribution network as well as the industry's highest research-and-development budget and the largest cosmetological laboratories in the world. L'Oréal's story begins in turn-of-the-century Paris, at a time when women of the demi-monde dyed their hair, their choice restricted to fiery red or coal black. In 1907, Eugène Schueller, a young chemist, began to concoct the first synthetic hair dyes by night in his kitchen and sell them to hair salons in the morning under the brand name Auréole. His strategy was successful; within two years he established the Société Francaise des Teintures Inoffensives pour Cheveux, which soon afterward became L'Oréal. In 1912, the company extended its sales to Austria, Holland and Italy and by 1920 its products were available in a total of 17 countries, including the United States, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Equador, Bolivia, and the Soviet Union, and in the Far East. At this stage, L'Oréal consisted of three research chemists and ten sales representatives. Schueller's timing had been singularly fortunate. The end of World War I was celebrated by the Jazz Age, when short hairstyles...
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...INDUSTRY PROFILE Hand & Body Care in France Reference Code: 0164-0114 Publication Date: September 2010 www.datamonitor.com Datamonitor USA 245 Fifth Avenue 4th Floor New York, NY 10016 USA t: +1 212 686 7400 f: +1 212 686 2626 e: usinfo@datamonitor.com Datamonitor Europe 119 Farringdon Road London EC1R 3DA United Kingdom t: +44 20 7551 9000 f: +44 20 7675 7500 e: eurinfo@datamonitor.com Datamonitor Middle East and North America Datamonitor PO Box 24893 Dubai, UAE t: +49 69 9754 4517 f: +49 69 9754 4900 e: datamonitormena@ datamonitor.com Datamonitor Asia Pacific Level 46, 2 Park Street Sydney, NSW 2000 Australia t: +61 2 8705 6900 f: +61 2 8705 6901 e: apinfo@datamonitor.com France - Hand & Body Care © Datamonitor. This profile is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied 0164 - 0114 - 2009 Page 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Market value The French hand & body care market shrank by 2.4% in 2009 to reach a value of $813.9 million. Market value forecast In 2014, the French hand & body care market is forecast to have a value of $804 million, a decrease of 1.2% since 2009. Market volume The French hand & body care market shrank by 2.9% in 2009 to reach a volume of 96.2 million units. Market volume forecast In 2014, the French hand & body care market is forecast to have a volume of 83.9 million units, a decrease of 12.8% since 2009. Market segmentation I Premium body care is the largest segment of the hand & body care market...
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...INDUSTRY REVIEW REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREEOF BACHELORS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BY: T. Samuel (1211643) Yash Singh Dabi (1211646) Aakriti Tyagi (1211647) UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Prof. Nagendra Nayak Department of Management Studies CHRIST UNIVERSITY BANGALORE 2013 DECLARATION We, T.Samuel Pongen, Yash Singh Dabi and Aakriti Tyagi hereby declare that the industry review report on the performance of the FASHION INDUSTRY with specific reference to Chanel, Tommy Hilfiger and Burberry submitted to Christ University, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Business Administration is a record of original and independent research work done by us during 2011 – 2012 under the supervision and guidance of Prof. Nagendra Nayak Department of Management Studies and it has not formed the basis for the award of any Degree/ Diploma/ Associate ship/ Fellowship or other similar title of recognition to any candidate of any University. DATE: FEBRAUARY 2013. COMPILED BY: T.Samuel Pongen (1211643) Yash Singh Dabi (1211646) Aakriti Tyagi (1211647) Acknowledgement We would like to express our profound gratitude to all those who have been instrumental in the preparation of this Entrepreneurship Development Report. We wish to place on records, our deep gratitude to our project guide, Prof. Nagendra Nayak, for guiding us through this project with...
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...certify that this assignment is the result of my own work and does not exceed the word count noted below. PAGE COUNT: 24(Including Title Page) UB NUMBER:12017925 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The personal luxury goods industry is one in which the luxury products created are goods of very high quality but are very expensive as a result of these high levels of quality. The customer range in this particular industry is usually of high net worth or high earners. Louis Vuitton is a French company that is one of the major producers of personal luxury products and as of recent data, is the industry leader in sales and revenues worldwide. At all times, their mission is to keep their values which is basically to provide refined quality products to the customers that they know can obviously afford to pay large amounts for these levels of quality. The company seeks to stick to their core values while remaining at the top of this particular industry and continue to make their high amounts of revenues and sales. The main objective of this report, is to advice the company on the factors that will possibly affect the company internally and externally before we use this to lead to a strategic plan of implementation for the company to attain its goal of remaining the industry leader while maintaining its core values which have been present over the past 150 years. TABLE OF CONTENTS OVERVIEW OF COMPANY……………………………………………………………………4 INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS…………………………………………………….5 *...
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...9-706-411 REV: NOVEMBER 21, 2006 PANKAJ GHEMAWAT CARIN-ISABEL KNOOP DAVID KIRON AmorePacific: From Local to Global Beauty In 2005, Suh Kyung-Bae, President and CEO of South Korean cosmetics company AmorePacific, surveyed a map in his office in downtown Seoul: We have held off major multinational players, the L’Oréals and Estée Lauders, in Korea and are competing successfully with them around the world. We went to France, the Mecca of beauty products, and developed the #4 fragrance in that country, Lolita Lempicka. In China, our cosmetics line is sold in more than 100 department stores in 70 cities and business is finally growing. And we have opened a flagship spa in New York that is doing very well. For 2004, AmorePacific reported 3,300 employees and sales of 1,272 billion Korean Won (KRW), equivalent to US$1,111 million. Cosmetics and toiletries generated four-fifths of sales (and green tea and health care the rest), placing the company among the top 30 worldwide. AmorePacific held a share of more than 30% of the Korean market for cosmetics, versus 8% for its leading local competitor, LG Household and Health Care, and 4% for L’Oréal, the world’s largest beauty products company and the leading multinational competitor in Korea.1 But although AmorePacific’s share of the Korean market had reached record levels and its overall operating margins of 15%+ ranked among the highest in the sector, its sales fell by 5% from 2003 to 2004—and its operating income...
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...Tutor-marked Assignment 1 Weight: This exercise is worth 15% of the final grade. Due: After completing Unit 2 of Study Guide I We suggest that you review Units 1 and 2 of Study Guide I, then complete this assignment without using books or notes. Doing so will help you prepare for the final examination. Once you have finished, feel free to go back to Units 1 and 2 to check any points you are not sure of, then if you wish to revise your answers you may. Once you are satisfied with your completed assignment, use the assignment drop box on the course home page to submit it to your tutor for marking. It will be returned to you so that you can see where your strengths and weaknesses lie. Part A (30%) Instructions: Determine whether the following passages contain arguments, explanations, or descriptions. Explain and justify your answer with reference to the meaning of each of these terms. Example: The film Patch Adams was an illuminating portrayal of medical education because it highlighted the importance of treating patients as people and not just as the locations of disease. Govier, Trudy. A Practical Study of Argument, 5th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2001, p. 43. Answer: This passage contains an argument because the author is attempting to convince the reader that Patch Adams is an illuminating portrayal of medical education, on the basis of the premise that this film shows how important it is to treat patients as persons, not as examples of diseases. 1. The Surprise Quiz...
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...Domestic and International Supply Chain Changes Seth Dummer, Sara French, Ricky Hinson, Tammie Solomon, Mike Yanke, Karen Walker ISCOM/476 December 20th, 2011 Adrian Crystal Martin Domestic and International Supply Changes As Riordan Manufacturing proceeds with their new line of perfume bottles, they realize that their production facility in Albany, Georgia, is at capacity. With a new line of plastic bottles to manufacture, Riordan has purchased a plastic molding facility in Hermosillo, Mexico. In addition, Riordan has learned that customers want them to ship perfume bottles to Howard Beach, New York as well as Vancouver, Canada. These changes will force Riordan to make changes to their supply chain to ensure they can continue to service their customer at a high level. Solution(s) to the changes and/or problems The new plastic molding plant in Hermosillo, Mexico will present Riordan Manufacturing with a new set of problems and changes to contend with. A new manufacturing facility in Mexico and an additional delivery point in New York will force Riordan to expand their supply chain operations to include the two new locations. Challenges Riordan may face include increased lead times to get raw materials to the new manufacturing plant in Mexico, and increased lead time to get the perfume bottles to the Vancouver and New York locations. Riordan may also experience increases in freight costs for customers, and the potential for quality issues with the new manufacturing...
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