...In this essay, I will be tracing the development of the French Revolution and its impact by examining the following four phases (all of which led to the development of the other), Constitutional Monarchy/The National Assembly (1789-1791), The Reign of Terror (1792-1794), The Directory (1795-1799), and The Age of Napoleon (1799-1815). In this essay I argue that the French Revolution was caused by the worsening condition of the French monarchy, economic depression, and New Ideas of the Enlightenment Movement and the French Revolution resulted in radical social, economic, and political change throughout France. A Constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a king or queen acts as Head of State. The ability to make and pass...
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...French Historical Foundation Important Event Timeline: In ancient times France was part of the Celtic territory known as Gaul or Gallia. Its present name is derived from the Latin Francia, meaning "country of the Franks," a Germanic people who conquered the area during the 5th century, at the time of the fall of the Western Roman Empire. It became a separate country in the 9th century. (Noin) France’s earliest attempt to stake a claim in the new world occurred in 1534 when French sailor Jacques Cartier arrived in Chaleur Bay off the Gaspé peninsula. Although fishing and fur trading expeditions were successful, France made no serious attempt to colonize “New France” until the 17th century. France greatly expanded its holdings in North America during the second half of the 17th century and early 18th century. Profits from the fur trade and from providing supplies and services to the French colonial régime and its military offered the opportunity for enterprising individuals to obtain wealth not otherwise available from the trades or farming. (New France: Historical Background in Brief) In 1756, the world war known as the Seven Years’ War broke out in Europe, with France and Austria allied against England and Prussia. The English had the advantage of the mightiest navy on the seas and, with Frederick the Great on their side, the finest army in Europe. Determined to drive France out of North America, England used its superior sea power to cut New France off from Europe...
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...The French Revolution began due to unrest and tension between the different social and economic classes in France. The confirmed beginning of the Revolution was on July 14, 1789, with the storming of the Bastille.("French Revolution timeline") The Revolution went on to see many bloody battles and the eventual passage of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, the execution of the King, and the formation of French First Republic. The French Revolution evokes complex emotions and perspectives depending on who is speaking about it, and it's significance on France and the entire world is undeniable. Simultaneously, the French gained freedom and experienced a dramatic revolution, while also suffering numerous human casualties. Peter Kropotkin, a Russian prince, and Simon Schama, a history professor, gave us opposing views on whether the outcomes of the French Revolution were "worth" the amount of lives lost. Kropotkin believed that the French Revolution was a major turning point for not only France but many other countries. Conversely, Schama considered the French Revolution less productive than most assume and excessively violent. Peter Kropotkin, a revolutionary Russian prince and anarchist, believed the French Revolution paved the way for expansion and democratic growth. (Kropotkin 22) One of his first arguments expressed in the text is that the French monarchy, before the Revolution, deprived the lower class citizens of food and necessities. France was experiencing...
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...terror of the guillotine – the French Revolution has all of the ingredients of an engrossing drama. Yet to delve beneath the surface of these characters and symbols is to discover the complexity of this transformative era. The events of the French Revolution, transpiring over the span of a decade, were part of a grander Age of Revolutions and at the same time were comprised of a series of smaller stories of individual French citizens becoming politically engaged amidst tremendous poverty, intellectual transformation, and ultimately... violence. A combination of factors including rising expectations spurred by the Enlightenment, massive starvation, and frustration with the mismanagement of an inept monarchy pushed the Revolution’s initial aims. These aims were worn down as political conflicts splintered revolutionary groups and led to a frenzy of executions by guillotine. The special two-hour presentation, The French Revolution, peels through the layers of these remarkable years, from 1789 through the turn of a new century, to reveal an era of intense and lasting political and intellectual change. While the complexity of the French Revolution might seem to present daunting challenges, its significance in shaping international currents merits a careful exploration. Within the course of a decade, the French monarchy was shorn of its political power, a framework was created for a universal understanding of basic human and civil rights, and countless French citizens across class backgrounds...
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...University of Phoenix Material French Revolution and Napoleonic Era Worksheet 1. Essay Explain, in 1,050 to 1,400 words, how the following ideas and ideals influenced the events and motivated the participants in the French Revolution: • Liberty • Equality • Brotherhood • Hubris • Fiscal irresponsibility • Democracy • Technology 2. Napoleonic Timeline For each date and location, identify the significant event that occurred and write a single-sentence description of the event. |August 15, 1769 |Emperor and Military leader Napoleon was born.[Enter description] | |Ajaccio, Corsica | | |July 4, 1776 |United States Declaration of Independence was approved.[Enter description] | |Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | | |July 14, 1789 |French Revolutionaries storm Bastille.[Enter description] | |Paris | | |September 21, 1792 |French Monarchy abolished.[Enter description]...
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...Material French Revolution and Napoleonic Era Worksheet 1. Essay In 250 to 300 words, explain how the following ideas and ideals influenced the events and motivated the participants in the French Revolution: • Liberty • Equality • Brotherhood • Hubris • Fiscal irresponsibility • Democracy • Technology The ideas of fiscal irresponsibility and hubris are hand in hand when it comes to the French Revolution because the country was in a state of financial crisis thanks to their King, Louis XV and continuing under the rule of his son Louis XVI. Funds were lacking and loans were in place with interest rates and fees that were going to be near impossible to pay back which threatened the structure of the countries financials. Taxation was going to be the only out in the eyes of the King but needed aristocracy approval. The people began to lose faith and felt as if the King was attacking their liberty with his tax exemptions which were unfair, and lead them down the path in search of civil liberties, equality of the people and ridding of the ranks, and a want for endorsed democracy. Eventually all titles were abolished and the declaration of the rights of man and citizen was bestowed upon the people. The king however was just part of the problem, with foreign war and the fiscal crisis, and then inflation as well. The idea of having a democracy gave all men a change to be declared free and equal. The technology used during the revolution such as the...
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...Napoleonic Timeline For each date and location, identify the significant event that occurred and write a single-sentence description of the event. August 15, 1769 Napoleon was born, fourth child and third son. Ajaccio, Corsica July 4, 1776 The declaration of the thirteen states. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania July 14, 1789 The citizens of Paris started the French Revolution by storming the Bastille prison and releasing seven inmates. Paris September 21, 1792 Establishment of first republic in France and monarchy was abolished. France January 21,1793 King Louis XVI is executed by guillotine in the Place de la Revolution in Paris. Paris August 22, 1795 The National Convention approved a new constitution which led to France’s first bicameral legislature. France November 15–17, 1796 The Battle of the Bridge of Arcole which lead to the French Revolution. Arcole, Italy 1798 The French Campaign in Egypt and Syria and the capture of Malta. Malta, Egypt, and Syria November 9,1799 Napoleon staged the coup which installed the consulate which led to Napoleon’s dictatorship. France February 9, 1801 The Treaty of Luneville was signed between the French Republic and the Holy Roman Emperor Francis II. Lunéville, France 1801 The Concordat agreement was reached between Napoleon Bonaparte, papal, and the clerical representatives in Rome and Paris. Rome and Paris March 25,1802 A peace treaty, Treaty of Amiens, was signed by the French First Republic...
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...Roland and Antoinette’s letters and lives treated politics as a personal issue, and not from a detached, historical, or an analytic approach. Essentially, in their writings, they allow their readers to know how they engaged in the French Revolution and how it caused both of them to be agents of change and victims. Furthermore, one parallel between both of these women is that they saw their own suffering as part of a larger system of injustice that is perpetuated in the society. Marie Antoinette was in many ways a victim of circumstance; while she did have quite a number of flaws, she by no means was guilty of all she was nearly accused of, let alone did she bear responsibility for the fall of the Monarchy . If one follows history and timeline...
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...University of Phoenix Material French Revolution and Napoleonic Era Worksheet 1. Essay Explain, in 1,050 to 1,400 words, how the following ideas and ideals influenced the events and motivated the participants in the French Revolution: • Liberty • Equality • Brotherhood • Hubris • Fiscal irresponsibility • Democracy • Technology 2. Napoleonic Timeline For each date and location, identify the significant event that occurred and write a single-sentence description of the event. |August 15, 1769 |Napoleon Bonaparte was born. | |Ajaccio, Corsica | | |July 4, 1776 |Declared our independence from Britain. | |Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | | |July 14, 1789 |Bastille day. When many troops and people dismantled the Bastille. | |Paris | | |September 21, 1792 |Monarchy was abolished. ...
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...technical change we cannot start too far back on a timeline because otherwise we will never reach the modern history. As a starting point the middle ages works well because it gives us a slight background of the ancient worlds but is a very transitional time. Spending a short amount of time in the Middle Ages focusing mainly on the crusades and the kings of England and their reigns to get the reader or student interested. After discussing the middle ages, we would move on the exploration and colonization of the rest of the world. This is a major point and a larger amount of time should be placed here because first off there is much to cover with the Columbus discovery of north America followed by the sea route to India. Also because these are extremely important times because they are basically the start of the western world we know today. Around the same time period we have the war of the Roses followed by the Elizabethan age in Britain. Also, since it is world history and not simply western world history, there should be some emphasis on the Ming Dynasty, which is going on at the same time in China. Continuing on in a chronological timeline, we would move toward the British Civil war, the 30-year war followed by the seven-year war. At this time there should also be mention of the discovery of Australia, although not much time would be spent on it. The text would then move on to the American Revolution and the French Revolution, which occur in...
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...Running Head: ROMANTICISM AND REALISM Romanticism and Realism Western Governor’s University RWT Task 1 February 17, 2013 Romanticism and Realism 1. Romanticism was a period starting as early as the 1760s seen not only in the world of art but also in the literary and musical worlds as well. The movement originated during the French Revolution as a contention to the Enlightenment period that centered on science and logic. The movement ranged from widespread Europe to the United States. During this period of time the Industrial Revolution was beginning and people lived in uprising cities with deplorable conditions of terrible sanitation and poor health. Focusing on Romanticism in the realm of art, the initial paintings consisted of landscapes. The need for open space was a reaction to the closeness of people living together in the city. It was very common to find turmoil and storms taking over the canvas. A great summary of the origins Romanticism can be quoted from The Metropolitan Museum of Art as “In Romantic art, nature—with it’s uncontrollable power, unpredictability, and potential for cataclysmic extremes— offered an alternative to the ordered world of Enlightenment thought.” (Galitz, 2000) Artists of this time period would paint pictures that caused the viewers to feel emotion. There were no distinguished characteristics of how a painting was created. Creations during the art period were original from the artists themselves and had no set technical rules...
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...Comparing “The charge of The Light Brigade” to “Dulce Et Decorum Est” The Charge Of the Light Brigade starts off saying “Half a league, half a league, Half a league onward!” This imagery makes me imagine soliders running of to war excited ready for blood and vengeance. Where on the other hand, Dulce Et Decorum Est, begins with “Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, knock-kneed, coughing like hags..” This imagery makes me imagine solidiers barely making it through the battlefield. The author Wilfred Owen and Alfred, Lord Tennyson, seem to have two different motives about describing war! The tone of “The Charge Of The Light Brigade” is like one of a heroic movie that’s hides the real work of things, and paints false pictures into people’s minds, instead of telling the real literally “Bloody” truth. The tone is as if someone could perhaps be performing infront of an audience trying to get an applause. This also takes away the rawness of the story by the figures of speech he gives such as “Cannon to right of them, Cannon to left of them…”. Yes, this does show some type of imagery, but it doesn’t really seat you right at the front row seat of war. On the other hand Wilfred Owen, Author of the Dulce Et Decorum Est. His imagery is very blunt force. He uses words such as “Sludge, Limped , Blood-Shod, fire, lime, guttering, choking, and drowning to help infasize the rawness and realistic nature of war....
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...French Revolution The French Revolution last from 1789 to 1799. This war had many causes that began the revolution. Its causes ranged from the American Revolution, the economic crisis in France, social injustices to the immediate causes like the fall of Bastille, the Convening of he Estate-General, and the Great Fear. As a result of this revolution there many effects , immediate and long term. The immediate effects were the declaration of rights of man, abolishing of olds reign, execution of king and queen, the reign of terror, and war and forming of the citizen-army. The long term effects were the rise of Napoleon, spread of revolutionary ideas, growth of nationalism, and the conservative reaction. The contributing factors to the French Revolution was the economic crisis in France. The French government had undergone economic crises, resulting from the long wars waged during the reign of Louis XIV, the losses incurred in the French and Indian War, and increased indebtedness arising from loans to the American colonies during the American Revolution. The American Revolution showed that they got economical and political freedom from Britain. This liberalism sparked many revolutions in Europe ,but in France the ideas of the Enlightenment and liberalism were put to their fullest test. The French people wanted rights and would later get these. Another reason was that the old regime was ineffective and it abused its power. The immediate causes of the French Revolution were that the...
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...[pic] Before the revolution, there is absolute monarch of France, French inhabitants were divided into three levels, they are the Pope of catholic, nobles, and framers. [pic] [pic] When the Reign of Louis XVI (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793), because the people are extremely dissatisfied of the king's rule, so this becomes the Enlightenment. There are many open-minded characters who believe the natural rights, separation of powers and other thoughts at that time. [pic] [pic] King Louis XVI and his queen Marie Antoinette spend a lot of money for play, King Louis XVI had an enormous responsibility, as the government was deeply in debt, and resentment towards 'despotic' monarchy was on the rise. Louis also felt woefully unqualified for the job. [pic] [pic] Louis XVI attempted to mobilize the army for dissolve parliament, but this has been stirred the people's armed uprising in Paris, and King Louis XVI and his family escape, at last the King Louis XVI was executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793. On 21 September, the National Assembly declared France to be a Republic and abolished the Monarchy. [pic][pic] In May 5, 1789 Louis XVI convened meetings in the Palace of Versailles. Attempt to raise taxes on the third level, in order to save the Government's financial crisis. Its decision is implementing to third level people only. This decision makes third level people’s life so hard, after they pay the high tax, people don’t have money to buy food, and a...
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...The Enduring Symbols of Revolution: The Emotional Connection to French Republican Art History 2: Revolutions December 15, 2011 Towards the end of the 18th century, Immanuel Kant and many other influential philosophers during the Enlightenment stated that people should be rational in their approach to life, including politics, economics, and society. Rationalism was one of the main themes of the Enlightenment, and it played an important role in the French Revolution. One aspect of rationalism that was important in the French Revolution were rational symbols of power. However, these rational symbols of power ultimately were disfavored in revolutionary France in favor of more enduring artistic symbols of the Revolution. Although the revolutionaries also sought to regenerate French society through rational symbols of power, their use of Roman, Greek and republican art, were the most enduring symbols of a new French society because of their stronger portrayal of liberty, fraternity and equality. The rational symbols of power that the revolutionaries sought to introduce into French society included the revolutionary French Republican calendar, the revolutionary French Republican clock, and the metric system. For the reasons noted below, each of these symbols ultimately were not accepted in French society. Even though the revolutionary French Republican calendar, one of the important rational symbols, did have a strong basis in reason, it lacked public support and was not...
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