...analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis” ("Difference between qualitative," 2011). “You can use both qualitative and quantitative reports to track the work performance of individuals, business units and your workforce as a whole” (Ciaran, John). Each type of data has its own advantages and many times analyzers use a combination of both types of data to make decisions. Qualitative and quantitative data are important to gather because they provide different outcomes. These are often used together when analyzing in order to get a full picture of a population. Qualitative data is either on the “nominal or ordinal scale of measurement and may be nonnumeric or numeric” (Anderson, Sweeney & Williams, 2005, 7.). This type of data focuses on interpreting raw data. This type of data is also known as “categorical” data. Qualitative data can be used to evaluate investments or other business opportunities. This type of data can also assist when it comes to decision making. Some believe qualitative analysis is “the foundation of a broad array of investment and financial decision-making methods” ("Qualitative analysis," 2010). For data to qualify as quantitative data it requires “numeric values that indicate how much or how many” (Anderson, Sweeney & Williams, 2005, 7.). Quantitative data is a numerical measurement in terms of numbers. A company may use their income statement, balance sheet, along with other documents to gather their data. This type of analysis...
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...Chapter 1 The Problem and Its Background This chapter is the preface about our problem, the relationship between extent of computer technology usage and study habit of students from Rogationist College and the its background. Introduction Nowadays, technology became an inseparable part of our lives. It now rules the life of an average student and in the field of education in any corner of the world. It has taken over the field of education. Its influence has been taken across the world in every possible way. According to Charlie S. (2012) “Computer has been taking big parts of our lives, in different sectors such as medicine, architecture, communication, research, sports and education. But it greatly affects the sector of education, especially the students”. In this world of competition, the students should have to be educated. Everything is not taught by a teacher or in school. In facing big challenges in life, students take extra learning through technology/computers. These computers can be used for their personal or recreational activities such as listening to music, watching movies or videos, chatting, browsing, playing games and etc. We can also express our feelings through it, through social networking sites. Furthermore, the work of the students became easier in searching information they want to learn. Technology has been part of our lives like language, ritual values, arts and more. It also affects our ways of thinking that can contribute to a more progressive...
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...minimum frequency is 100KHz 5. Design and analyse a integrator circuit whose maximum frequency is 100KHz. 6. To analyze the characteristics of instrumentation amplifier using bread board and PSpice. 7. 8. To analyze the functionality of triangular wave generator using IC -741 To determine frequency response of cascade amplifier Darlington pair. To determine the frequency response of two stage RC coupled amplifier using complementary symmetry push-pull amplifier 9. 10. To analyze the functionality of Colpitt oscillator on output frequency using bread board and PSPICE 11. Implement phase shift oscillator using bread board and Pspice. 12. To analyze the functionality of Hartley oscillator on output frequency using bread board and PSPICE EXPERIMENT 1 Title:- Simulation using P-Spice for Zener diode used as voltage regulator. Software Used- P-Spice Learning Objective: Through this experiment the working of zener diode will be proved. Procedure: The circuit of fig. 1 will be drawn on schematic editor of the software. 1. Use the circuit elements from the components option in P-Spice software. 2. For making the connections between components use the wire option from the tool bar. 3. Use the power supply from the power supply option. 4. Use the zener diode from circuit components. Observation: Sr. No. Input Voltage Resistance Output Voltage Result: The voltage across the resistance R2 will be kept constant at the voltage of 5V through the use of zener...
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...sections that follow. The basic difference between a graph and a diagram is that a graph is a representation of data by a continuous curve, usually shown on a graph paper while a diagram is any other one, two or three-dimensional form of visual representation Types of Diagrams I. Simple bar chart II. Multiple bar chart III. Component bar chart IV. Rectangles and Sub divided Rectangles V. Pictograms VI. Pie Diagrams Simple Bar Chart A simple bar chart is used to represents data involving only one variable classified on spatial, quantitative or temporal basis. In simple bar chart, we make bars of equal width but variable length, i.e. the magnitude of a quantity is represented by the height or length of the bars. Uses of Simple Bar Chart: 1. Vertical bar chart is an effective way for presenting a time series. 2. Vertical bar chart is also an effective way for presenting qualitative classified data. 3. Horizontal bars are useful for geographical or spatial distributions. Simple bar chart showing the profit of a bank for 5 years. Multiple Bar Charts: By multiple bars diagram two or more sets of inter-related data are represented (multiple bar diagram facilities...
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...process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform, called the carrier signal, with a modulating signal that contains information to be transmitted. 2. What is a carrier Frequency? A carrier frequency is a single radio frequency with steady amplitude. 3. Describe two reasons that modulation is used for communications transmissions. a) Signal integrity b) Power savings 4. List three parameters of a high frequency carrier that may be varied by a low frequency intelligence signal. Amplitude, frequency and phase v = Vp·sin(ωt + Φ) ω = 2πf (describe which parameters can be varied) 5. What are the frequency ranges included in the following frequency subdivisions: MF (medium frequency)300-3000kHz, HF (high frequency)3-30MHz, VHF (very high frequency)30-300MHz, UHF (ultra-high frequency)300-3000MHz, and SHF (super high frequency)3-30GHz? 7. A microwave transmitter typically requires a +8dBm audio level to drive the input fully. If a +10 dBm level is measured, what is the actual voltage level measured? Assume a 600Ω system. (2.45V) Hint: Use this equation and solve it for V2 10 dBm = 20 · log10 (V2/0.77459) 9. Convert the following power to their dBm equivalents: (a) p = 1 W = 30.0000dBm (b) p = 0.001 W = 0.00000dBm (c) p = 0.0001W = -10.0000dBm (d) p = 25 μW = dBm Use this formula: dBm = 10 · log10 [P2/(10-3)] 15. Define electrical noise and explain why it is so troublesome to a communications receiver. Noise is a random fluctuation in an electrical...
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...these answers have sought the help of the internet. It is therefore a possibility that some similarities occur. In your own words explain (use your own illustration if it can help) 1. What are the advantages to using radio frequencies as a medium for communications? a. It is a cheaper form of communication in a sense that it gets rid of all logistical requirements for wiring as radio waves travels through air. b. It is a more flexible means of communication as you can easily move transmitters and receivers around. c. Since communications no longer rely on wires, a person can communicate while on the move from point A to point B and doesn’t have to stay in a fixed location. d....
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...In analog technology, compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, phase modulation, and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). Refrences: Electronics and Radio Today. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.electronics-radio.com/articles/radio/modulation/amplitude_modulation/am.php Electronics and Radio Today. (n.d.1). Retrieved from http://www.electronics-radio.com/articles/radio/modulation/frequency_modulation/fm.php M.S. Richer. (2006). Advantages/disadvantages/applications of various Modulation Schemes [Multimedia]. Retrieved from M.S. Richer, http://www-ee.uta.edu/dip/Courses/EE4330/comparison%20of%20modulation%20methods.pdf website. Radio-Electronics.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/rf-technology-design/modulation-techniques/itu-designations-types-of-radio-emissions-transmissions.php Amplitude Modulation Amplitude modulation (AM) is a technique used in electronic communication. The most common use for this is in radio. AM works by varying the strength of the transmitted signal in relation to the information being sent ("Electronics and Radio Today", n.d.). Advantages: There are several advantages of amplitude modulation, and some of these reasons have meant that it is still in widespread use today. It is simple to implement, it can be demodulated using a circuit consisting of very few components, and AM receivers are very cheap as no specialized components are needed...
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...In the experiment AC Circuits. Oscilloscope, the main objective was to use a signal generator (SG) to create a sine wae and using an oscilloscope we had to bserve the various components of a sine waves and there relationships; the component RMS, amplitude, period and frequency. Another objective was to use the RLC circuit to determine the resonant frequency. In order to complete these ojectives the circuit was first set up as in figure 1 and RMS, period, frequency and amplitude were calculated and measured. The experimental amplitude was 0.875Vac, the frequency was 1001Hz, and the period was one second. The difference beween the theoretical frequcy from the signal generator was compared to the experimental frequency giving a 0.1% error. For the second part of the lab the RLC circuit was set up (figure 2) and from there the resonant frequency was found for this was done three times (table 1). After this the voltage drop was measured in the range of 800-300Hz; the different frequencies withc corresponding average power that dissipated in the resistor was inputted into GA (table 2,). From there the power vs frequency graph was plotted. and finally the theoretical angular frequency 1.0846 x 104rad/sec was compared to the experimentally found frequency of 1.0820 x 104rad/sec, giving a 0.24% error. Objective: In experiment number nine “AC Circuits. Oscilloscope” The main objective in the experiment was to use a signal generator to produce an AC signal and determine the relationship...
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...was similarity between library usage and ethnics. A correction was found with if students worked part time or full time. Black females who lived on-camps spent more time per week in the library than white males who lived off-campus. Another study that was also similar was done by Watson, L in September 2001, which concluded that there was a difference in educational gains of students by class level, colleges, and grade point averages. There was a difference between these groups. According to the study done by our group there were many relationships between the variables that were examined. The study that was completed by our group was done to find out if there was any relationship between Sacramento City College students and their use of library material. The purpose of this study was to get a broad picture of which students used the library and if the library is helping in stopping the students from falling behind. Our study shows significant insights where other studies have represented more of a limited view. Our hypothesis is students at SCC do not have sufficient access to reserve material in the library to be a successful student. Method Participants The participants in this study were male and female students who attend Sacramento City College. There were fifty participants in this study. The students who participated in this study were randomly selected. Procedure The type of design used for this study is a survey. The participants were randomly...
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...Impact of Cell Phone’s Radio Frequency in Children Herzing University Saugat Basnet The development and use of mobile device services in the last decade have hugely increased the amount of radiofrequency electromagnetic wave (RF-EMW). High exposures towards radio frequency (RF) in our daily lives have raised concerns regarding the harmful effects on human health especially on children. Children with cell phone exposure have higher odds of migraines and headache-related symptoms than the one with no exposure. A great deal of scientific and public interest have focused on radio frequencies that alter the brain, somatic and germinal cells in children. Children should be very careful and guided by elders while using cell phones that produce a lot of harmful radio frequencies. Today cell phone is one of the inseparable parts of modern life. Each and every daily activity today is possibly accomplished by the aid of the cell phone. With its reference, we can say that cell phone directly and regularly comes in contact with the vital body parts like head and sense organs. As it comes in contact with vital organs, not immediately but after some long term exposure, it causes severe health problems and in children, it’s even more serious. Children are still developing mentally; therefore, radio frequency from cell phones has a greater effect on them than on adults. It is because children have growing body parts where cell multiplication is active. According to a study conducted by Sudan...
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...Radio Frequency (RF) Interference Analysis and Optimization By Farhana Jahan ID: 061-19-342 Md. Rafiqul Islam ID: 061-19-370 Md. Mohibul Hasan ID: 061-19-373 A thesis report presented in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Supervised by Mohammed Humayun Manager (Network Department) ADVANCED DATA NETWORKS SYSTEM LIMITED Red Crescent Concord Tower (19th floor) 17, Mohakhali Commercial Area, Dhaka-1212 Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering DAFFODIL INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY October 2009 i APPROVAL PAGE This thesis titled „Radio Frequency (RF) Interference Analysis and Optimization‟, Submitted by Md. Rafiqul Islam, Md. Mohibul Hasan and Farhana Jahan to the Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Daffodil International University, has been accepted as satisfactory for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering and approved as to its style and contents. The presentation was held on 19th October 2009. Board of Examiners Mr. Golam Mowla Choudhury Professor and Head Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Daffodil International University ---------------------(Chairman) Dr. M. Lutfar Rahman Dean & Professor Faculty of Science and Information Technology Daffodil International University ---------------------(Member) A K M Fazlul...
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...any other person to hand in as my own. 4. I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his or her own work. Name | Student number | Signature | | | | Date | | Contents Table of Figures 3 Acronyms Used 3 PART 1 Filtering in the Frequency Domain 3 Introduction 3 Review of Prior Knowledge 4 Complex Numbers 4 Fourier series 4 Fourier Transform 4 Convolution Theorem 5 Overview 5 2-D FFT 6 DFT 6 IDFT 7 2-D FFT 7 Comparison with 1-D FFT 8 2-D FFT and Image Processing 8 Image Smoothing and Sharpening 9 Smoothing 9 Sharpening 11 Conclusion 13 PART 2 Application of Filtering in the Frequency Domain 13 Introduction 13 Gaussian Filter Theoretical Analysis 13 Gaussian Low Pass Filter 14 Gaussian High Pass Filter 14 Gaussian Filter Design 15 Practical Results 16 Conclusion 17 References 18 Table of Figures Figure 1: Input Signal Transformed to Frequency Domain 5 Figure 2: Flow Diagram of Filtering in the Frequency Domain 5 Figure 3: Spatial VS Frequency Domain 5 Figure 4: 2-D Sinusoidal Wave 7 Figure 5: Flow Diagram of Filtering in the Frequency Domain 9 Figure 6: Graphical Representation of an Ideal Low Pass Filter 10 Figure 7: Image that was smoothed 11 Figure 8: Graphical...
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...cost-effective networking media for use in areas that is difficult or too costly to wire. 2. What are the three areas defined for the IEEE 802.11 standard? 1. Physical Layer (PHY) The method of transmitting the data, which may be either RF or infrared (although infrared is rarely used.) 2. Medium Access Control (MAC) I. The reliability of the data service. II. Access control to the shared wireless medium. III. Protecting the privacy of the transmitted data. 3. MAC management protocols and services I. Authentication, association, data delivery, and privacy. 3. What is an ad hoc network? 1. In this network, the wireless clients (stations) communicate directly with each other. This means the clients have recognized the other stations in the WLAN and have established a wireless data link. 2. The fundamental topology of the WLAN is the Basic Service Set (BSS). This is also called the independent Basic Service Set, or ad hoc network. 4. What is the purpose of an Extended Service Set? 1. By adding multiple access points to the network, the range of mobility of a wireless client in the LAN is extended. 2. Definition - The use of multiple access points to extend user mobility Hand-off. 5. What are the four physical layer technologies being used in 802.11 wireless networking? 1. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2. Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)...
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...Making time, holding time with or without a GPS. The most ubiquitous way to get accurate time and phase, every time, everywhere is to use a GPS disciplined oscillator (GPSDO). Over the last few years, some concerns have arisen due to the potential impact on critical infrastructure of malevolent attacks such as jamming or due to natural causes such as solar flares. The GPS system has been designed to distribute time around the world. It gets time from a reference called a time scale. They are several time scales in the world. In the US, NIST and USNO are used for the UTC time scale and are referred to as UTC (NIST) and UTC (USNO). USNO also produces the GPS time scale. The time scales around the world are coordinated through an international agency called BIPM. USNO, NIST are all coordinated to BIPM through a mechanism called two-way time transfer. BIPM defines International Atomic Time (TAI) from ensembling atomic clocks that are disseminated around the globe - the duration of the TAI second is kept as close as possible to the SI second. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is an atomic time scale derived from TAI to provide a reference scale in step with the irregular rotation of the earth. As a result of this process, the mean solar day, which is nominally 86400 seconds long, is actually getting longer when measured in SI seconds with stable atomic clocks. It is the role of IERS (International Earth Rotation Service) to observe the self-rotation of the earth and to make sure that...
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...Intro 1.0 Capital Safety is the global leader of fall protection, confined space and rescue equipment. RFID (radio frequency identification) is a wireless data collection technology. RFID technology has the ability to identify, track and assign information to unique items without direct contact or line-of-sight scanning. I-Safe TM consists of passive RFID tags (transponders) that can be scanned by mobile readers (receivers) that synchronize data to a web-based secure information portal. Abstract 1.1 The project at hand being studied is on how radio frequency identification system (RFID) has been implemented to help better manage capital safety’s fall protection equipment. The information system being used has become an important role on how they manage their product to help, cost, improve safety compliance, reduce risk, and enhance safety within government regulations. Capital safety has become the global leader in fall protection. With the use of radio frequency identification device they can tract and maintain their equipment in timely manner. 1.2 Author and Team Member Group Project Assignment #5 Mohamed Mohamed, Lei Thongvivong Travis Boyd, Zach Jones Carl Bisciglia, Yong Yang Table of content 1.3 Target of study 1.4 Capital safety is the organization being studied in our group. They can be identified by their NACIS and SIC codes that put them in industries like: oil and...
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