...FROM LOCAL MARKET TO INTERNATIONAL FRONTIER Truck art is a flourishing masterpiece of Pakistani culture. It is about cultural history and tradition story telling and passion. Truck art has been present in Pakistan's heritage for age . Today, this artistic media has reached it's culmination point with it's vibrant colours and craftmanship. As such every little adornment on a trucks has a special significance. As we know that our country is divided into different teritories so why not spread a message of a sovereign and united country with the theme pakistan on wheels. Each territory has it's distinct lifestyle. The culture and heritage of each province of Pakistan should be painted with intricate motifs and vibrant colours. Art motifs of such birds, fish and flower which depicts each province should be illustrated. Other than this famous scenic beauties like dyllic, bucolic scenes of streams, mountains or forest should be painted to embody each territory. The metal base of the truck always seem to make the multi-coloured truck transformed into a weak tea. So it could be covered with reflected stickers, scintillating tapes and further highlighted with mirrors and studs. For the finishing touches the intricately patterned crown carved in cedarwood should be placed at the top of the bus. This artistry employs a huge number of skilled labourers thus boosting the economy of the country. This artistic media is no more confined to Pakistan only but has spread it's splendor...
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...specializes in Internet, Data and Voice services. Lanka Bell is an ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Company. Lanka Bell formed in 1997 as the single largest BOI Company in Sri Lanka. With a state of the art digital network & unmatched customer support, Lanka Bell remains firmly rooted in Sri Lanka as a telecommunications giant that continues to challenge the industry through its unparalleled portfolio of services. Lanka Bell supported by a dedicated team of professionals with international expertise & local knowledge and strategic investments in low cost cutting edge technology. Lanka Bell presents an assortment of value added high-speed broadband and voice services at unbeatable rates to its customers, with the new addition of FLAG international optical fiber network. Lanka Bell’s catchphrase is, "Start talking, start saving". Lanka Bell having 3 subsidiaries specialized in different core areas of the ICT & Telco business. 1. Bellvantage (Pvt) Ltd. 2. Bell Solutions (Pvt) Ltd 3. Telecom Frontier (Pvt) Ltd. Bellvantage, an ISO 9001 Certified company that deliver high performance business solutions and professional services in Sri Lanka. Primary business focus is in robust insurance solutions, Telco and financial solutions. In addition, they specialize in software quality assurance, IT consulting, project management, BPO,...
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...Doing business in Singapore Table 1. Profile of Singapore Name Singapore Geographic location East Asia Current form of state City state with parliamentary democracy Previous form of state British colony (1819±1959) Member of Malaysia (1959±1965) Land area 647.5 sq. km Population 3.04 million (mid-1996 estimate) Population growth (1993±1997) 2% per year Population make-up Chinese (77.3%) (Singapore, as of June 1996) Malay (14.1%) Languages English, Chinese, Malay and Tamil GDP (US$) $94.1 billion (1996) GDP per head (US$) $30 900 (1996) GDP growth (1988±1997) 2.67 times Economic status Newly industrialized economy Type of industrialization Export-oriented Major industries by % of GDP Finance...
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...Boeing Riordan like Boeing will need to study the international cultures before expanding in a global market. Boeing pursued an approach for going global by vendor relationships, expanding the company presence in the international market. Boeing also wants to create new partnerships, joint undertakings, procuring new market and companies, and to demonstrate an international existence. January 2001 Boeing’s International Relations team was formed. The goal of this team was to concentrate on becoming a global presence. According to Condit “Boeing was on the threshold of having a very global, mobile world, and the implications for aviation is huge"(Beck, Proctor, Kim, & Downy, 2002). Five international executives with a superior resume were hired. The responsibility of Pedro Argüelles Salaverría of Madrid, Spain, Walt Braithwaite, of Johannesburg, South Africa, Accra, and Ghana, Africa, Bill Oberlin, president of Boeing-Korea, Robert Orr, Tokyo, Japan, and Rinaldo Petrignani, based in Rome, Italy. This management team has the experience of developing key relationships, strategic planning, educated in language and culture of the countries, educated in building a network and a presence with governments of those countries, concentrating on governmental and regulatory issues, and familiar with the public policies of each country (Frontier). Communication will be essential in each of these areas for Boeing to increase a positive presence for Boeing and ensure each country...
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...Analyzing Supply and Demand The production possibilities curve displays the different combinations of two goods or services that can be produced in a full production economy with full employment, with the availability of fixed resources and fixed technology. It is a production frontier due to its display of the limit of attainable outputs (Rittenberg & Tregarthen, 2008, p. 52). The law of increasing opportunity costs states that as production of goods increase, the opportunity cost of producing another item also increases. Because many resources are not adaptable to other uses, one resource may be helpful in producing butter, but not be useable in the production of guns. According to the law of demand, with an increase in price comes a decrease in the quantity demanded as long as there are no other changes (Rittenberg & Tregarthen, 2008, p. 59). In analyzing supply and demand, it is also important to analyze how the changes will impact equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity in a competitive market. Analyzing whether supply and demand increases, decreases or remains constant can help determine whether market equilibrium price and quantity will increase, decrease or be indeterminate (Gwartney, Stroup, & Studenmund, 2015). Problem A Type of Production Production Alternative A Production Alternative B Production Alternative C Production Alternative D Production Alternative E Butter 0 1 2 3 4 Guns 15 14 12 9 0 The specific assumptions that underlie the...
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...Stochastic frontier analysis of the efficiency of Nigerian banks Abstract Using the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) the efficiency of Nigerian banks was analysed. The result of the study proved that there is inefficiency in the Nigerian banking system and that the level of inefficiency ranged from 0 to 19 per cent of total cost. The study was able to derive the individual bank's level of inefficiency. Put differently, the study was able to derive the individual bank's level of efficiency. I. INTRODUCTION In the last three decades, as bank regulators open their financial Industries for competition and liberalisation, many banks operated at a level that is less efficient and profitable leading to unsoundness or distress in the industry; thus generating concerns and worries among the bank stakeholders. There are a large number of studies which employ models to explain inter-bank differences in earnings, bank efficiency and continuous existence (failure) in the United States of America and other developed countries of the world. Similar studies have not been carried out using data from emerging markets like Nigeria especially when viewed against the background of the statement of Barltrop and McNaughton (1992) that financial analysis should be done within the context of the particular country and economic environment as each country has a different economic environment, different regulatory and legal environment, different commercial practices, different accounting...
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...state governments across the globe. The company believes that any important insights depends on working hard, respecting details, as well as follow the principles. When the clients face massive challenges, then Brattle group works hard to give clear and independent answers, while being transparent, as the truths are better than giving them false comforts that are created from opinions that cannot survive scrutiny. The truth is provided using relentless pursuit of professionalism, as well as quality analysis. The company was established in 199 under five principles that adhere to integrity and excellent performance in economic and financial consultancy. In 1995 the company merged with Incentives Research to become stronger through the merged expertise in the energy sector, where it opened an office in Cambridge (Phillips et al., 2011). According to Zhu (2006, the company has managed to expand throughout America and Europe serving more than 300 people, where it started by establishing an office in Washington DC with concentration in regulation, public policies and antitrust laws. The firm entered the Europe market in 1997, followed by the opening an office in San Francisco in 2002 to move nearer to the litigation and utility customers established on West coast in Pacific states. In 2009, the company expanded to Madrid and Rome, and...
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...Journal of International Development J. Int. Dev. 12, 343±369 (2000) PRODUCTIVITY SPILLOVERS FROM TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO INDIAN MANUFACTURING FIRMS VINISH KATHURIA* Gujarat Institute of Development Research (GIDR), Gota, Ahmedabad, India Abstract: The present paper employs techniques from stochastic production frontier and panel data literature to test a spillover hypothesis for large sized ®rms that `presence of foreign-owned ®rms and foreign technical capital stock in a sector leads to reduced dispersion in eciency in the sector and fall is higher for the ®rms that invest in R&D activities'. Dispersion being a relative concept, it may still fall if both the leading foreign ®rm and domestic ®rms show fall in technical eciency over the period and the fall for the leader is higher and vice versa. Given the focus of the study, where concern is for the learning by the domestic ®rms, the study tries to get around with the problem partially, by testing the hypothesis for those local ®rms that have shown productivity improvement over the period. Results suggest that foreign-owned ®rms are close to the frontier in 13 of the total 26 sectors studied. Spillovers result for these 13 sectors indicate that there exist negative spillovers from the presence of foreign ®rms in the sector, but available foreign technical capital stock has a positive impact. Interesting dierences emerge when the sample is bifurcated into scienti®c and non-scienti®c subgroups. Results for the scienti®c...
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...project based on Bursa Saham Malaysia. The stock prices of 20 Malaysia public listed company named by Prostaco, Raya International, Tiong Nam, Tong Herr, Toyo Ink, TSH, Turiya, United, Vitrox, UPA Corporation, Zecoon, Yokohama Industries, Woodlandoor, Wong Engeenering, White Horse Berhad, Whelcal Holding, Weida, Warisan TC Holding, Yinson Holding Berhad and YTL Power. While, the stock prices of 5 United State public listed company named by Adobe System INC, Alaska Air Group INC, Apple INC, The Aes Corporation and The NewYork Mellon Corporation. For stock prices of 5 United Kingdom public listed company named by Barclay, Bg Group, Big Yellow Group, Black Mount and Bovis Homes and lastly for the stock prices of 5 Indonesia public listed company named by Astra International, Bank Central Asia, Bank Danamon Indonesia, Kimia Farma and Unilever Indonesia. We also are required to demonstrate and explain the computations of annual return, risk, Sharpe ratio, return, covariance, beta, Treynor Ratio, portfolio standard deviation, and build a graph. THEORETICAL CONCEPTS In this assignment, we used the formula of Variances, Annual, Standard Deviation, Covariance, Correlation Coefficient, Beta, Variance Of Portfolio, Risk, Sharpe Ratio, Treynor Risk 1) Variance Variance measures how far a set of numbers is spread out. The variance measures how far each number in the set is from the mean. Variance is calculated by taking the differences between each number in the set and the mean, squaring...
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...needy from the person who have plethora of that, especially for the countries of the third world alike the developed nations (Harker & Zenios, 2008). In developing economy and overall money system their contributions are of no denying. Financial institutions in the Asia pacific region are doing exactly the same. Financial institutions like large retail banks (e.g. Barclays, Citi NA), segmented financial institutions like micro finance institutions are providing financial services to the people of that region. Apart from this there are several insurance companies who are operating their business in that region, ensuring the minimal risks of the business organizations of this region (Kumbhakar, Lozano-Vivas, Lovell, & Hasan, 1999). On the other hand a large of money is being flown through these organizations as remittance to the people and to the nations as well. This adding to the economic condition of those nations and the living of the people as well. Moreover, these type of financial institutions are providing world class banking services to the people of that region. Influenced by the success of these financial institutions several other local institutions are furnishing themselves for providing better services to the clients and getting market share from their counterparts (Kumbhakar, Lozano-Vivas, Lovell, & Hasan, 1999). It is worth denying to say that the standards that are being followed by the foreign financial institutions are setting example to the local companies...
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...Wrigley, Neil; Lowe, Michelle and Cudworth, Katherine The Internationalisation of Tesco - new frontiers, new problems Wrigley, Neil; Lowe, Michelle and Cudworth, Katherine, (2014) "The Internationalisation of Tesco - new frontiers, new problems", Johnson, Gerry; Whittington, Richard; Scholes, Kevan; Angwin, Duncan and Regner, Patrick, Exploring Strategy: Text and cases, 657-661, Longman Scientific & Technical © Staff and students of the University of Worcester are reminded that copyright subsists in this extract and the work from which it was taken. This Digital Copy has been made under the terms of a CLA licence which allows you to: * access and download a copy; * print out a copy; Please note that this material is for use ONLY by students registered on the course of study as stated in the section below. All other staff and students are only entitled to browse the material and should not download and/or print out a copy. This Digital Copy and any digital or printed copy supplied to or made by you under the terms of this Licence are for use in connection with this Course of Study. You may retain such copies after the end of the course, but strictly for your own personal use. All copies (including electronic copies) shall include this Copyright Notice and shall be destroyed and/or deleted if and when required by the University of Worcester. Except as provided for by copyright law, no further copying, storage or distribution (including by e-mail) is permitted without the consent...
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...growing at almost 6% annually by 2002 making it one of the fastest growing economies of the world. India removed almost all its import and capacity licensing restrictions and adopted the Washington Consensus. Financial controls were enforced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), thus making major economic reforms in India that would grant them loans in order to move it along toward a more market-oriented economy. The focus of these reforms was to reduce the governments’ bureaucracy and stabilize the country’s macroeconomic balance. Competition barriers became less burdensome, inflation was lowered, and the current account was balanced. Even though these issues illustrate a road to improvement, huge fiscal deficits still existed and interruptions and corruption in Pakistan continued. Foreign investment became slow to enter India due to the continued restrictions on foreign ownership, the slow progress of privatization, and India’s substandard infrastructure. To achieve growth in India, significant reforms needed to be passed. Success in India’s growth performance plan for economic and social growth into reality would be the country’s’ biggest obstacle. 1. Why did India experience relatively slow economic growth from independence until 1991? India’s population had reached 1.05 billion by 2002 and was growing at 1.5%, more than the country could support at the time. Domestic issues existed between numerous religions. India’s government adopted an Import Substitution...
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...----------------------------Page 6 South East Bank-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page 7 Standard Ceramics----------------------------------------------------------------------------Page 7 Square Pharmaceuticals-----------------------------------------------------------------------Page 8 Findings and Analysis Arithmetic Mean and Standard Deviation--------------------------------------------------Page 9 Correlation Coefficient and Covariance----------------------------------------------------Page 9 Portfolio Risk and Return-------------------------------------------------------------------Page 11 Efficient Frontier-----------------------------------------------------------------------------Page 13 Calculated Beta and Comparison with Market Beta-------------------------------------Page 14 Required Return using CAPM--------------------------------------------------------------Page 15...
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...2016 Contents Foreword 2 Preface 3 About this research 4 Key findings 5 I. Introduction: a North-South role reversal 6 II. A hopeful decade: Africa’s changing image 8 III. Barriers to investment 11 IV. The new investment case for Africa 15 V. Investor perceptions versus market reality in key markets 18 Conclusion 20 Appendix: survey results 21 1 © Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2012 Into Africa Institutional investor intentions to 2016 Foreword Africa is no longer a leap of faith Even well informed observers have written off Africa as riven by war, corruption and poverty, but since the emergence of China and India as economic growth engines, many are now asking whether this continent of one billion people can also achieve its own “economic miracle” . These are still early days but there is no doubting the promising signs, politically and economically. At a time of huge change, societies are showing that they can adapt, on the whole, peacefully. In the last year, Nigeria, Tunisia, Zambia and Rwanda have held elections hailed as free and fair by international observers, while a referendum created the new nation of South Sudan. Along with greater political stability, has come policy continuity and improved governance -- prerequisites for attracting the long-term investment to generate sustainable economic development. As this report shows, many global institutional investors...
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... China wants to be rich and thus powerful. It certainly follows a clear-cut strategy already in place for over 30 years. This helps increase its prestige and power. Its performance in the field of “new” international agenda items (direct human, environment, etc.) lags behind its economic might. China will continue to be the manufacturing plant of the industrial world for many years. Investment in China will be driven primarily by the creation of local infrastructure focused on trade for export markets, whilst Chinese capital markets will still remain inchoate for many years. India wants to be powerful and hence enjoy global prestige. Its competitive edge resides in low labor costs (wages) in certain sectors (textiles, outsourcing, information technology). It has no coherent project of prosperity. Investment will continue to flow from companies wishing to reduce their labor and other production costs by “offshoring” their plant, call-center or web-center operations. Investment will be strong in areas of value-added products, such as chemicals, software and other IT-related industries, but on an insufficient scale to make it boom across all socioeconomic structures. Moreover, capital markets will remain incipient when compared to international counterparts. Russia wants power, prosperity and prestige, but it is uncertain on how to get it. Sometimes it talks and behaves as a superpower. The population of scientists is immense. The Europeanization...
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