The Technology of Medicine

A. Indispensable 1. Absolutely necessary or essential. 2. "It is indispensable.

B. intractable 1. not easily governed, managed, or directed 2. It is what physicians must now do for patients with intractable cancer, severe rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and advanced cirrhosis. C. sclerosis 3. an induration or hardening, especially from inflammation and in diseases of the interstitial substance; 4. It is what physicians must now do for patients with intractable cancer, severe rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and advanced cirrhosis.

D. glomerulonephritis 5. a renal disease (usually of both kidneys) 6. In chronic glomerulonephritis, for example, a much clearer insight will be needed into the events leading to the destruction of glomeruli by the immunologic reactants that now appear to govern this disease, before one will know how to intervene intelligently to prevent the process, or turn it around.

E. immunologic 7. A branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. 8. In chronic glomerulonephritis, for example, a much clearer insight will be needed into the events leading to the destruction of glomeruli by the immunologic reactants that now appear to govern this disease, before one will know how to intervene intelligently to prevent the process, or turn it around.

F. thrombosis 9. Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. 10. An extremely complex and costly technology for the management of coronary heart disease has evolved--involving specialized ambulances and hospital units, all kinds of electronic gadgetry, and whole platoons of new professional personnel--to deal with the end results of coronary thrombosis

G. coronary 11. Of, relating to, or being the coronary arteries or coronary veins. Of or relating to the heart 12. An extremely complex and costly technology for the management of coronary heart disease has evolved--involving specialized ambulances and hospital units, all kinds of electronic gadgetry, and whole platoons of new professional personnel--to deal with the end results of coronary thrombosis

H. endeavor 13. archaic: to strive to achieve or reach . 14. The capacity to deal effectively with syphilis and tuberculosis represents a milestone in human endeavor, even though full use of this potential has not yet been made.

I. catastrophe 15. the final event of the dramatic action especially of a tragedy 16. At, say, around fifty days of hospitalization, requiring the most demanding kind of nursing care, with the obsessive concern for details of diet that characterized the therapy of that time, with daily laboratory monitoring, and, on occasion, surgical intervention for abdominal catastrophe, I should think $10,0000 would be a conservative estimate for the illness, as contrasted with today's cost of a bottle of chlor- amphenicol and a day or J. prudent 17. Wise in handling practical matters; exercising good judgment or common sense. 18. Brainy committees are continually evaluating the effectiveness and cost of doing various things in space, defense, energy, transportation, and the like, to give advice about prudent investments for the future.

Vibes

A. emit 1. to throw or give off or out (as light or heat) 2. One of the odd discoveries made by small boys is that when two pebbles are struck sharply against each other they emit, briefly, a curious smoky odor

B. immaculately 3. Free from stain or blemish; pure. 4. The phenomenon fades when the stones are immaculately cleaned, vanishes when they are heated to furnace temperature, and reappears when they are simply touched by the hand again before being struck. C. homograft 5. A tissue graft from a donor of the same species as the recipient. | |

6. We are marked as self by the chemicals we leave beneath the soles of our shoes, as unmistakably and individually as by the membrane surface antigens detectable in homograft of our tissues.

D. endowed 7. To provide with property, income, or a source of income. 8. Other animals are similarly endowed with signaling mechanisms E. existentialist 1. a philosophical attitude associated
2. It is hard to imagine a solitary, independent, existentialist minnow, recognizable for himself alone; minnows in a school behave like interchangeable, identical parts of an organism. F. olfactory 9. relating to, or contributing to the sense of smell. 10. The problem of olfactory sensing shares some of the current puzzles and confusions of immunology, apart from the business of telling self from non- self.

G. immunologic 11. Immunology is a branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. 12. The theories to explain olfaction are as numerous and complex as those for immunologic sensing

H. nitrobenzene 13. Nitrobenzene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C 6 H 5 NO 2 14. The guinea pig, that immunoiogically famous animal, can be trained to perceive fantastically small amounts of nitrobenzene by his nose, without the help of Freund's adjuvants or haptene carriers. I. adjuvants 15. In immunology, an adjuvant is an agent that may stimulate the immune system and increase the response to a vaccine, without having any specific antigenic effect 16. The guinea pig, that immunoiogically famous animal, can be trained to perceive fantastically small amounts of nitrobenzene by his nose, without the help of Freund's adjuvants or haptene carriers. J. haptene 17. A hapten is a small molecule that can elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein 18. The guinea pig, that immunoiogically famous animal, can be trained to perceive fantastically small amounts of nitrobenzene by his nose, without the help of Freund's adjuvants or haptene carriers.

Ceti

A. plausible 1. superficially fair, reasonable, or valuable but often specious 2. Tau Ceti is a relatively nearby star that suffi-ciently resembles our sun to make its solar system a plausible candidate for the existence of life B. celestial 3. pertaining to the sky or visible heaven. 4. We are, it appears, ready to begin getting in touch with Ceti, and with any other interested celestial body in more remote places, out to the edge C. Ceti 5. a star in the constellation Cetus that is spectrally similar to the Sun. 6. Tau Ceti is a relatively nearby star that suffi-ciently resembles our sun to make its solar system a plausible candidate for the existence of life

D. luminous 7. radiating or reflecting light; shining; bright 8. It is, in truth, only a kind of local roof, a membrane under which we live, luminous but confusingly refractile when suffused with sunlight; we can sense its concave surface a few miles over our heads. E. refractile 9. - off or relating to or capable of refraction; "the refractive characteristics of the eye" refractive 10. It is, in truth, only a kind of local roof, a membrane under which we live, luminous but confusingly refractile when suffused with sunlight; we can sense its concave surface a few miles over our heads.

F. morphogenesis 11. the biological process that causes an organism to develop 12. An extraterrestrial embryologist, having a close look at us from time to time, would probably conclude that the morphogenesis of the earth is coming along well, with the beginnings of a nervous system and fair-sized ganglions in the form of cities, and now with specialized, dish-shaped sensory organs, miles across, ready to receive stimuli G. insomnia 13. a sleep disorder in which there is an inability to fall asleep or to stay asleep as long as desired. 14. The immediate problem, however, is a much more practical, down-to-earth matter, and must be giving insomnia to the CETI participants. H. mimeographed 15. a printing machine with an ink-fed drum, around which a cut waxed stencil is placed and which rotates as successive sheets of paper are fed into it. 16. We could begin by gambling on the rightness of our technology and just send out news of ourselves, like a mimeographed Christmas letter, but we would have to choose our items carefully, with durability of meaning in mind. j. methane
1. chemical compound with the chemical formula CH 4.
2. Given a moist planet with methane, formaldehyde, ammonia, and some usable minerals, all of which abound, exposed to lightning or ultraviolet irradiation at the right temperature, life might start off almost anywhere.

The Long Habit A. predecessors 1. a person who precedes another in an office, position, 2. We may be even less willing to face the issue at first hand than our predecessors because of a secret new hope that maybe it will go away. B. lethal 3. of, relating to, or causing death 4. They prefer to take it for granted that we only die because we get sick, with one lethal ailment or another, and if we did not have our diseases we might go on indefinitely. C. ailment 5. physical disorder or illness, especially of a minor or chronic nature . 6. They prefer to take it for granted that we only die because we get sick, with one lethal ailment or another, and if we did not have our diseases we might go on indefinitely.

D. preliminary 7. preceding and leading up to the main part, matter. 8. Even if we could imagine the act of death in isolation, without any preliminary stage of being struck down by disease, we would be fearful of it. E. rediscover 9. to see, get knowledge of, learn of, find, or find out; gain sight or knowledge of 10. We may be about to rediscover that dying is not such a bad thing to do after all F. disintegration 11. the act or process of disintegrating 12. I have seen agony in death only once, in a patient with rabies; he remained acutely aware of every stage in the process of his own disintegration over a twenty-four-hour period, right up to his final moment. G. neuropathology 13. Neuropathology is the study of disease of nervous system tissue, usually in the form of either small surgical biopsies or whole autopsy brains. 14. It was as though, in the special neuropathology of rabies, the switch had been prevented from turning. H. cardiac 15. pertaining to the heart. 16. We will be having new opportunities to learn more about the physiology of death at first hand, from the increasing numbers of cardiac patients who have been through the whole process and then back again. I. coronary 17. applied to vessels, ligaments, etc., especially to the arteries of the heart 18. One man underwent coronary occlusion with cessation of the heart and dropped for all practical purposes dead, in front of a hospital; within a few minutes his heart had been restarted by electrodes and he breathed his way back into life. J. occlusion 19. The trapping of a liquid or gas within cavities in a solid or on its surface. 20. One man underwent coronary occlusion with cessation of the heart and dropped for all practical purposes dead, in front of a hospital; within a few minutes his heart had been restarted by electrodes and he breathed his way back into life.

Antaeus in Manhattan

A. endocrine 1. Of or relating to endocrine glands or the hormones 2. Single locusts are quiet, meditative, sessile things, but when locusts are added to other locusts, they become excited, change color, undergo spectacular endocrine revisions, and intensify their activity until, when there are enough of them packed shoulder to shoulder, they vibrate and hum with the energy of a let airliner and take off. B. inclination 3. a disposition or bent, especially of the mind or will 4. The grouped termites become increasingly friendly and active, but show no inclination to lay eggs or mate; instead, they cut down on their water intake, watching their weight, and the mitochondria of their flight muscles escalate in metabolic activity. C. escalate 5. to increase in extent, volume, number, amount, intensity, or scope 6. The grouped termites become increasingly friendly and active, but show no inclination to lay eggs or mate; instead, they cut down on their water intake, watching their weight, and the mitochondria of their flight muscles escalate in metabolic activity. D. mandibles 7. the bone of the lower jaw 8. It would be wonderful to understand how the anthill communication system works. Somehow, by touching each other continually, by exchanging bits of white stuff carried about in their mandibles like money, they manage to inform the whole enterprise about the state of the world outside, the location of food, the nearness of enemies, the maintenance requirements of the Hill, even the direction of the sun; in the Alps, mountaineers are said to use the ameboid configurations of elongated ant nests as pointers to the south. E. ameboid 9. resembling an amoeba especially in the shape or manner of motion 10. It would be wonderful to understand how the anthill communication system works. Somehow, by touching each other continually, by exchanging bits of white stuff carried about in their mandibles like money, they manage to inform the whole enterprise about the state of the world outside, the location of food, the nearness of enemies, the maintenance requirements of the Hill, even the direction of the sun; in the Alps, mountaineers are said to use the ameboid configurations of elongated ant nests as pointers to the south. F. elongated 11. . to draw out to greater length; lengthen; extend. 12. It would be wonderful to understand how the anthill communication system works. Somehow, by touching each other continually, by exchanging bits of white stuff carried about in their mandibles like money, they manage to inform the whole enterprise about the state of the world outside, the location of food, the nearness of enemies, the maintenance requirements of the Hill, even the direction of the sun; in the Alps, mountaineers are said to use the ameboid configurations of elongated ant nests as pointers to the south. G. parables 13. a succinct story, in prose or verse, which illustrates one or more instructive principles, or lessons, or (sometimes) a normative principle. 14. The social insects, especially ants, have been sources of all kinds of parables, giving lessons in industry, interdependence, altruism, humility, frugality, patience. H. altruism 15. the principle or practice of unselfish concern for or devotion to the welfare of others 16. The social insects, especially ants, have been sources of all kinds of parables, giving lessons in industry, interdependence, altruism, humility, frugality, patience. I. frugality 17. Frugality is the quality of being frugal, sparing, thrifty, prudent or economical in the use of consumable resources 18. The social insects, especially ants, have been sources of all kinds of parables, giving lessons in industry, interdependence, altruism, humility, frugality, patience. J. serpentine 19. Characteristic of, or resembling a serpent , as in form or movement . 20. They move in orderly lines around the box, crowding one another precisely, without injury, peering down, nodding, and then backing off to let new people in. Seen from a distance, clustered densely around the white plastic box containing the long serpentine lines of army ants, turning to each other and murmuring repetitively, they seem an absolute marvel.