...and its economy has grown an average of 5% in the last 4 years. Chile is dependent on foreign trade and its trade in good’s share in GDP rose from 44% in 1990 to 69.6% in 2008.The diversity of imports has increased and the number of countries where Chile exports their products has increased as well. Chile main imports are: crude, petroleum, chemicals, electronics and telecom equipment, natural gas, industrial machinery, vehicles, mobile phones and house equipment. In 2008 a 0% MFN was established for imports such as machinery, vehicles, tools and equipment used for production of goods and services. Moreover, there are not import duties imposed on data processing equipment. Major import partners are USA, China, Brazil, Argentina, South Korea and Japan. Others include Mexico, Colombia and Ecuador. In order to allow new...
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...University 10/24/14 Professor Dr. Taghi Ramin Contents ABSTRACT 3 INTRODUCTION 4 LITERATURE REVIEW 9 METHODOLOGY 11 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 13 CONCLUSION 17 REFERENCES 20 ANNEX OF FIGURES AND TABLES 22 Figure 1. Peru nominal and real GDP, 1994-2013 and Inflation Rate, 1994-2013 22 Figure 2. Peru Exports (FOB) and Imports (CIF). 1994-2013 22 Figure 3. Peru Trade Openness Index and Contribution of US trade to TOI. 23 Table 1. Trade evolution for Exports, Imports, and Trade Balance, Peru-USA 2009-2013. 23 Figure 4. Trade evolution for Exports, Imports, and Trade Balance, Peru-USA 2009-2013. 24 Figure 5. Peru-USA Trade Exports and Imports per capita. 2009-2013. 24 Figure 6. Peru-USA and Peru-World Net Trade and Balance Trade Comparison. 2009-2013. 25 Figure 7. Peru’s Foreign Direct Investment stock and flow (Equity Capital). 2003-2013. 25 ABSTRACT Peru has signed a Free Trade Agreement with United States on February 2009, this FTA with the US is a balanced and comprehensive agreement covering all aspects of bilateral economic relationship such as: trade in goods, investment promotion, procurement, border services, and protection of intellectual property. It also includes chapters on labor and environmental protection. Objectives for the Agreement are of two orders, to increase and guarantee preferential access to Peruvian exports to US economy, diversify exports, and attract Foreign Direct Investment, and on the other hand (and maybe most...
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...According to the case, in the years 2013 and 2014, which factors were responsable of the economic slowdown? The first half of 2013 , the global economy signs of weakening , with significant differences between regions. As mentioned , the euro zone was in recession DUE queue persist in some countries of the ESA region's sovereign debt problems and the fragility of their financial systems. : In addition , US economic growth was moderate , while the productive activity of various Emerging economies slowed , BECAUSE of both the slowdown in the industrialized countries and the slowdown in their internal demands. Mexico has a 2.2 percent average tariff rate. It has reduced tariff and non-tariff barriers unilaterally and through trade agreements like the Pacific Alliance. A law passed in December 2013 will partially open the energy sector to foreign investment. The financial sector is relatively small and lacks dynamism. Mexico needs to build a deeper and more accessible banking system. The OECD bemoaned Mexico’s record: it is alone among big emerging markets in suffering from sustained declines in the broadest measure of productivity during the past decade. In order for GDP growth to rise from its current potential of about 3% to a healthier 4%, the productivity trend must be reversed through structural reforms, it said. Mexico’s three main political parties, which have created a pact to promote more than 100 such changes, are aiming for 5%. How much is our country´s external debt...
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...products at groceries and retail stores. As a market entry proposal, the company aims to establish operations in one of the three following countries: Trinidad and Tobago, Dominican Republic, and Colombia, as it hopes to gain a strong ground on the booming coffee industry. Despite the close proximity of Starbucks to Central and Latin America, the company has been relatively poor in establishing markets in these regions. The first store was opened in Mexico City in 2002, followed by Lima, Peru in 2003. This region seems to be the perfect fit for Starbucks to expand due to the expanding Coffee production industry. The Colombian Coffee Bean offered by Starbucks is imported from Colombia and is one of the most successful products. Apart from the coffee industry, tourism holds tremendous promise for Starbucks to expand in this region, as approximately 20% of passenger traffic to the Caribbean region comes from the United States. These positive signs show great promise for Starbucks to expand its global picture and continue to remain as the world’s best coffee retailer. Company Overview: Time Out Magazine of San Francisco acknowledges the founders of Starbucks: Jerry Baldwin, Zev Seigl, and Gordon Bowker, who founded the company while they were students of the University of San Francisco (“Using APA”, 2011). Between 1971 and 1976, the company had only one store open in Seattle (Brewer, Brissenden, & Carmin, 2012). During the 1980s, Starbucks took advantage of the booming specialty coffee market in the United States...
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...How Political Factors Affect Business Activities in Asian Countries . Contents . 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………..……..3 2. Political Factors That Affect Business………………………………………...4 1) The Case of Toyota Motor Corporation………………….….……..5 2) The Case of Taiwan………………………………..…………….…….…….8 3. Conclusion…………………………………………………………..…………………..…9 4. References……………………………………………………………………………..….10 Introduction For every business, internal factors, such as the company’s culture, vision, and its own products are extremely important for their success. However, the external factors are also so important that every business should pay special attention to them. A model has been invented to describe those external factors that influence business activities. This model is called the “PESTLE Analysis”, which is formally known as “PEST”, and was first invented by Francis Joseph Aguilar, in his book “Scanning the Business Environment”. PESTLE Analysis is a model to analyze external factors that may have impact on business activities. P stands for Political, E,S,T,L,E, stand for Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Ecological.(Francis, 1967) In this model, the first factor, the political factor, can impact most aspects of our society, whether for individuals or organizations, in developing countries or developed countries. The reality is that any strict policies, tense political situations, or even a little transformation may cause the business to suffer...
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...Report of the Joint Study on the Possibility of a Canada-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement March 2012 Contents Introduction and Purpose of the Study ................................................................................................ 2 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................. 3 Chapter 1: Overview of Bilateral Economic Relations ....................................................................... 5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Overview............................................................................................................................... 5 Trends in Bilateral Trade in Goods ...................................................................................... 7 Trends in Bilateral Trade in Services ................................................................................... 9 Trends in Foreign Direct Investment ................................................................................. 10 Chapter 2: Analysis of the Economic Effects from a Canada-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement .......................................................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 3: Analysis of Major Areas of an Economic Partnership Agreement ................................. 14 3.1 Market Access (including Rules of Origin) .......................................................
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...NATIONAL MANUFACTURING COMPETITIVENESS COUNCIL Enhancing Competitiveness of Indian Manufacturing Industry: Assistance in Policy Making Final Report March, 2009 Enhancing Competitiveness of Indian Manufacturing Industry: Assistance in Policy Making DISCLAIMER CRISIL Risk and Infrastructure Solutions Limited (CRIS), a subsidiary of CRISIL Limited, has taken due care and caution in preparation of this Report. This Report is based on the information obtained by CRIS from sources, which it considers reliable. CRIS does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy or completeness of any information contained in this Report and is not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for the results obtained from the use of such information. This Report should be used in its entirety only and shall not be reproduced in any form without prior permission from CRIS. CRIS and any of its directors, representatives or employees do not accept any liability for any direct, consequential or perceived loss arising from the use of this Report or its contents. CRIS specifically states that it has no financial liability whatsoever to the users of this Report. Final Report Enhancing Competitiveness of Indian Manufacturing Industry: Assistance in Policy Making TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................................................i LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS..........................................
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...Global Business Plan Week 7-Final Draft Subway in Colombia 04/15/2012 Table of Contents Content Page Number Table of Contents 2 Executive Summary 3 Module 1: Identifying Global Opportunities 4 Module 2: Analyzing International Competitors 7 Module 3: Assessing the Economic/Geographic Environment 10 Module 4: Assessing the Sociocultural Environment 13 Module 5: Assessing the Political Legal Environment 15 Module 6: Selecting a Global Company Structure 18 Module 7: Financing Sources for Global Business Operations 22 Module 8: Creating a Global MIS (Management Information System) 25 Module 9: Identifying Human Resources for Global Business Activities 27 Module 10: Managing International Financial and Business Risks 29 Module 11: Product Target Market Planning for Foreign Markets 31 Module 12: Designing a Global Distribution Strategy 32 Module 13: Planning a Global Promotion Strategy 36 Module 14: Selecting an International Pricing Strategy 38 Module 15: Determining Organizational Financial Results 41 Module 16: Measuring International Business Success 42 Conclusion 43 Bibliography EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (Created by John Isles) During the course of this business plan, many of the benefits of opening up a Subway restaurant in Colombia will be illustrated. Among the first items presented will be an analysis of startup costs. After a brief summary of the initial costs required, these...
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...according to The Economist Intelligence Unit’s latest Business Environment Rankings (BER). Singapore looks set to remain the world’s most investor-friendly location in 2014-18, retaining its number-one spot from the 2009-13 period. Switzerland and Hong Kong also defend their second and third place position. The remainder of the top ten is dominated by North America, Scandinavia and other developed Asian economies. BER rankings Score 2009-13a Global ranking 2009-13 Score 2014-18b Global ranking 2014-18 Singapore 8.56 1 8.65 1 Switzerland 8.41 2 8.52 2 Hong Kong 8.34 3 8.39 3 Canada 8.15 7 8.30 4 Australia 8.18 5 8.29 5 Sweden 8.20 4 8.26 6 USA 8.02 8 8.25 7 New Zealand 7.99 11 8.18 8 Finland 8.16 6 8.18 9 Denmark 8.01 9 8.16 10 Norway 7.89 13 8.01 11 Germany 7.99 10 7.98 12 Chile 7.81 14 7.89 13 Taiwan 7.68 16 7.85 14 Ireland 7.30 20 7.79 15 Netherlands 7.94 12 7.78 16 Belgium 7.69 15 7.69 17 Austria 7.61 17 7.62 18 Malaysia 7.15 24 7.56 19 Israel 7.17 23 7.50 20 Qatar 7.29 21 7.46 21 UK 7.41 19 7.44 22 Estonia 7.19 22 7.38 23 France 7.38 24 26 7.36 25 7.04 25 7.35 26 Japan 6.98 27 7.33 ...
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...FINAL REPORT Impact of Trade and Economic Policy Reforms on Key Sectors of the Egyptian Economy PREPARED BY ATR Project SUBMITTED TO USAID/Cairo Ministry of Foreign Trade SUBMITTED BY Nathan Associates UNDER CONTRACT NO. PCE-I-00-98-00016-00 Task Order 827 2 April 2004 Contents Executive Summary Egypt’s Economy in Relation to the Global Marketplace Trade Policy and the International Trade Regime Impact of Trade Regime Changes on Subsectors Conclusions Next Steps 1. Introduction 2. Egypt’s Economy and Its Place in the Global Arena Egyptian Economy Today Structure of the Economy Labor force, Employment and Unemployment Macroeconomy and Balance of Payments Trade Patterns Macroeconomic and Trade Policy Reform Current Challenges Distinguishing Characteristics of Egypt’s Economy Water Resources and Growing Population Pressure Oil and Natural Gas Geographical Location Egyptian Culture Higher Education Socialism and Its Aftermath Egypt’s Comparative Advantage in the Global Economy Changing Global Economy Egypt’s Economy in Relation to Three Waves of Globalization Revealed Competitive Advantage Analysis v vi viii xi xiv xvi 1 5 5 5 7 8 10 12 13 14 14 16 16 16 17 18 19 19 22 25 II 3. Trade Policy and the International Trade Regime Current Trade Regime in Egypt Tariff Structure Non-tariff Barriers to Trade Multilateral, Regional, and Bilateral Agreements Multilateral Agreements Regional Agreements Bilateral Agreements Trade Regimes of Major Trading...
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...encouraged to quote and reproduce this material for educational, not-for-profit purposes, provided the source is acknowledged. Printed on 100% post-consumer recycled paper. Trade and Environment: A Resource Book The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD, http://www.iisd.org) contributes to sustainable development by advancing policy recommendations on international trade and investment, economic policy, climate change, measurement and assessment, and natural resources management. Through the Internet, we report on international negotiations and share knowledge gained through collaborative projects with global partners, resulting in more rigorous research, capacity building in developing countries and better dialogue between North and South. IISD’s vision is better living for all—sustainably; its mission is to champion innovation, enabling societies to live sustainably. IISD is registered as a charitable organization in Canada and has...
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...governments, host communities, and surrounding environments that are involved in the attracting and hosting of visitors. Hence, tourism is the movement of people (tourists) to a destination outside of place, where they normally live and work. Tourism is not only restricted to people (tourists) but it is also the movement of activities of the providers. For example, the services provided during the course of travel. Tourism is about involving people and knowing them better. It is not a short term process of but a long term relationship between the consumer (tourists) and provider of Tourism Service. Tourism is the collection of activities, services and industries that delivers a travel experience including transportation, accommodations, eating and drinking establishments, retail shops, entertainment businesses, activity facilities and other hospitality services provided for individuals or groups traveling away from home. Fig: Relationship between leisure, recreation and tourism [1] Tourism can be hence, called as the process of organised travel and is the theory and practice of travelling. ORIGIN OF TOURISM The origin of the term tourism lies back to the 17th century, from the word “tour”, which is derived from...
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...BANGLADESH TRADE POLICY SUPPORT PROGRAMME Comprehensive Trade Policy Of Bangladesh - Draft Final, 15.09.14 - Trade Policy Support Programme (TPSP) Project Task Force – HAK Tower (2nd floor) 3/C-1 Karwan Bazar, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh 0 BANGLADESH TRADE POLICY SUPPORT PROGRAMME TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................ 6 Preamble ....................................................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 1: Rationale, Objectives and Constituents ..................................................................... 11 1.1 Rationale .............................................................................................................................. 11 1.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................................ 14 1.3 Constituents............................................................................................................... 16 1.3.1 Trade in Goods....................................................................................................... 16 1.3.2 Trade in Services and Investment.......................................................................... 17 1.3.3 Behind the Border Policies ....................................................................................
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...U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2013 GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS: INVESTMENT AND TRADE FOR DEVELOPMENT New York and Geneva, 2013 ii World Investment Report 2013: Global Value Chains: Investment and Trade for Development NOTE The Division on Investment and Enterprise of UNCTAD is a global centre of excellence, dealing with issues related to investment and enterprise development in the United Nations System. It builds on four decades of experience and international expertise in research and policy analysis, intergovernmental consensusbuilding, and provides technical assistance to over 150 countries. The terms country/economy as used in this Report also refer, as appropriate, to territories or areas; the designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. In addition, the designations of country groups are intended solely for statistical or analytical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage of development reached by a particular country or area in the development process. The major country groupings used in this Report follow the classification of the United Nations Statistical Office. These are:...
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...U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2013 GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS: INVESTMENT AND TRADE FOR DEVELOPMENT New York and Geneva, 2013 ii World Investment Report 2013: Global Value Chains: Investment and Trade for Development NOTE The Division on Investment and Enterprise of UNCTAD is a global centre of excellence, dealing with issues related to investment and enterprise development in the United Nations System. It builds on four decades of experience and international expertise in research and policy analysis, intergovernmental consensusbuilding, and provides technical assistance to over 150 countries. The terms country/economy as used in this Report also refer, as appropriate, to territories or areas; the designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. In addition, the designations of country groups are intended solely for statistical or analytical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage of development reached by a particular country or area in the development process. The major country groupings used in this Report follow the classification of the United Nations Statistical Office. These are:...
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