...Background VIEW OF THE ECONOMISER INSTALLED IN CHEMBONG FACTORY Nestlé’s commitment to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to meet the challenges of depleting energy resources has seen the implementation of several initiatives to reduce energy usage. Our goal to be an energy efficient company has seen us invest in new technologies to reduce wastage and increase efficiencies. In a typical food industry, the boiler house is one of the main energy users with plain boilers having an energy efficiency of 70 – 80% depending on its usage. The following diagram provides a breakdown of the various losses that occur in a boiler: From the diagram above, it is clear significant savings can be achieved with reduced losses from Flue Gas discharge, optimising the use of excess air and automating the blow-down operations. Programme description Our partnerships with external specialists in the field of energy management have led to new opportunities to eliminate waste. These include implementing new technologies to address losses in the three mentioned areas of the boiler operations. We have installed the appropriate technologies at the Chembong Factory to recover losses in these three key areas. Energy Recovery from Flue Gas The exhaust air emitted from the boilers contains a significant amount of energy due to its high temperature that range between 250°C – 300°C. To recover this potential energy, the factory installed a heat exchanger, also known in the industry as an Economiser...
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...February 27, 2005 “The Blue Devil” I remember when I was a child my mother owned a very special family van. It was a blue Chevrolet Astro that took us everywhere we needed to be. Every morning, on the way to school, he would fly in the air as we went over the speed bumps in the road. I couldn’t wait until the next morning to do it all over again. I’d fallen in love with this van until he started to change on us. He started to surprise us in the most evil ways he could think of and as a result, we started to call him the blue devil. Every summer our family would drive to South Carolina for a vacation. The blue devil did fine on the way to our destination, but when we were leaving he gave us a very hard time. The air condition wouldn’t work and it was a very hot summer day. He knew that we needed the air conditioning but he wanted us to suffer in the hot sun. Everyone was burning up from the heat. My mother tried to turn the air condition back on, but he wouldn’t allow her to. We started to open the windows so we could get a breeze, but it would only row down half way. While we were still in route to our home the blue devil had another surprise for us. The right rear tire suddenly blew out and the blue devil started to swerve all over the road. We finally pulled onto the shoulder and stopped. We spent about an hour and a half in the hot sun while my stepfather changed the blue devil’s tire. I was scared to ride in the blue devil again after...
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...Circular MAERZ® Kiln Main characteristics The burning of limestone and dolomite, based on the principle of parallel flow of material and combustion gases in the burning zone and the regenerative preheating of combustion air, is described in detail in „pfr1.pdf“. Fig. 2: Two Circular MAERZ® Kilns Type R2 (400 tpd) Fig. 1: Gas Flow in the Circular MAERZ® Kiln For larger capacities, e.g. from 300 to 800 tons per day, kilns of circular cross section are recommended. These kilns have circular ring channels collecting the combustion gases before they enter the nonburning shaft via the crossover channel, as illustrated in Fig. 1. The gases exit the burning shaft and enter the non-burning shaft radially around the complete shaft perimeter thereby guaranteeing an absolute even heat distribution. This is a major key factor in ensuring the high quality of the burned lime or dolomite. The charging system has to ensure perfectly symmetrical charging of the shafts. A bucket positioned vertically above each shaft is used for charging raw stone into the kiln shafts. Stone distribution is further improved by rotating the bucket during charging from the conveyor belts or vibrating feeders. As described above, the circular shaft design facilitates uniform stone and fuel distribution during charging and calcination throughout the complete shaft cross section. As a result this kiln type produces the best product quality of all PFR-Kiln types. In addition to the classic...
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...TG8S SERIES 80% SINGLE STAGE MULTI-POSITION 33” NATURAL GAS FURNACES www.Source1Parts.com (STYLE A) INCLUDES LO-NOX MODELS TGLS Supersedes: 035-21389-001 Rev. K (0410) 035-21389-001 Rev. L (0610) 1 of 6 26 HVAC SERVICE PARTS 41 35 11 28 2 27 32 8 36 43 29 25 Figure 1: 80% SINGLE STAGE MULTI-POSTION NATURAL GAS FURNACES FIG ITEM DESCRIPTION TG8S040A08MP11A TG8S060A10MP11A TG8S060A12MP11A TG8S080B12MP11A TGLS040A08MP11A TGLS060A10MP11A TGLS060A12MP11A TGLS080B12MP11A (2 BURNER) MOTOR 2 1 MOTOR, DIRECT DRIVE BLOWER 2 BLOWER, COMBUSTION 1,2 ELECTRICAL 2 3 CAPACITOR, RUN (7.5MFD/370V) SWITCH, LIMIT(250 Deg Man Reset,2 Req’d) 2 4 2 5 CONTROL, FURNACE 3 6 IGNITER 3 7 SENSOR, FLAME 1,2 8 SWITCH, PRESSURE 2 9 SWITCH, DOOR 2 10 TRANSFORMER 1,3 11 VALVE, GAS 2 12 CONTROL, TEMPERATURE 13 14 AIR MOVING HOUSING, BLOWER 2 15 HOUSING, BLOWER w/WHEEL 16 WHEEL, BLOWER 2 NOTE: (3 BURNER) S1-02435734000 S1-02642548000 S1-02435762000 S1-02541318000 S1-33102956000 S1-02532625000 S1-02537499000 S1-02435785000 S1-02435738000 S1-2940A3541 S1-32537426000 S1-02541321000 (3 BURNER) S1-02435735000 S1-02642548000 S1-02435762000 S1-02541318000 S1-33102956000 S1-02532625000 S1-02537499000 S1-02435785000 S1-02435738000 S1-2940A3541 S1-32537426000 S1-02541320000 (4 BURNER) S1-02435735000 S1-02642549000 S1-02435762000 S1-02541318000 S1-33102956000 S1-02532625000 S1-02537499000 S1-02435785000 S1-02435738000 S1-2940A3541 S1-32537426000 S1-02541320000 S1-02435733000...
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...Control Lab Muffle Furnaces have proportional temperature control and include an analog temperature indicator with 50°C/°F increments. Ramp rate is adjustable. What's Included for lab muffle furnace: hearth plate and 5-ft (1.5-m) power cord with plug. High Temperature Lab Muffle Furnaces and Its Design The defining characteristic of a lab muffle furnace is that it separates the object to be heated from all by products of combustion from the heat source. With modern electrical lab muffle furnaces, this means heat is applied to a chamber through induction or convection by a high-temperature heating coil inside an insulated material. The insulating material effectively acts as a muffle, preventing heat from escaping. A well-built lab muffle furnace can reach extremely high temperatures with a high degree of uniformity and accuracy, while preserving the purity of the chamber environment. Lab Muffle Furnace Design Uses Lab Muffle furnaces come in all form factors, sizes, and temperature ranges. They can use a variety of atmospheres and are offered at a wide variety of price points. Our Lab Muffle Furnace include: Both Government and private research facilities. University science laboratories. Preproduction manufacturing test. Small scale production environments. Lab Muffle Furnace has been making muffle furnaces for over 60 years, and built our reputation by providing the most reliable and long lasting furnaces available today. All of our furnaces provide advanced features...
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...value. After one hour's processing and 4-6 hours deposit, then convey soap stock to storage tank. (2) Pump refined oil into decoloring tank. When it is up to 90-110 °c after one hour's heating, add clay into tank for 20 mins' processing.Then clay and oil are separate by filter. (3)Put discolored oil into deodorization tank with vacuum pump. Heat and process with steam for odor removal. After filtering, you will get final oil product. Peanut Oil Refining Machine workshop usually has following main equipment: 1.Neutralizing pot: for acid refining, alkali refining and washing; 2.Decolouring pot: for bleaching the oil and removing the pigment; 3.Deodorization pot: for remove the odour of the oil; (stainless steel) 4.Heat-conducting oil furnace: providing the vacuum required by declourizing and deodorizing; 5.Air compressor: for drying declourizing clay; 6.Filter press: for filtering clay7. Any questions or more needs about the peanut oil refining machine please contact with us freely, you also can scan our website to leave message for us. http://www.oil-processing.com...
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...106th Annual Report 2012-2013 The Busine ss M el od O k loo ut Risks a nd Op po r tunities Value Transparently r Pe Communicating ategic Obje Str c es a tiv nd Strate ce na nce enduring sustainability The journey towards es Go r ve fo rm an gi INTEGRATED REPORTING Communicating Value Transparently At the very core of the concept of Integrated Reporting (IR), is the growing recognition that a number of factors determine the value of an organisation – some of these are financial or tangible in nature and are easy to account for in financial statements. However others, like people, natural resources, intellectual capital, markets, competition, etc., are harder to measure. This is where the concept of Integrated Reporting comes in. IR enables an organisation to communicate in a clear manner on how it is utilising its resources and relationships to create, preserve and grow value in the short, medium and long-term. And thus helping investors to manage risks and allocate resources most efficiently. The IR reporting framework covers six parameters: v Organisational Overview of the Business Model O k loo ut The Busine ss M el od Risks a nd v Operating Context, Risks and Opportunities v Strategic Objectives and Strategies v Governance r Pe Op po r tunities Value Transparently Communicating ategic Obje Str c es a tiv nd Strate ce v Outlook na nce This Annual Report is...
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...FE to Delay Decision on $3.6 Billion Steel Plant in Vietnam Masumi Suga and Yasumasa SongDec 07, 2012 1:48 am ET (Updates with closing share price in fifth paragraph.) Dec. 7 (Bloomberg) -- JFE Holdings Inc., Japan’s second- biggest steelmaker, will push back a decision on whether to build a $3.6 billion integrated steel mill in Vietnam, its first outside Japan, as it assesses competitive risks. “We initially said a conclusion will be reached by the end of this year, but we’ll need a bit more time,” Eiji Hayashida, president of steel unit JFE Steel Corp., said in an interview Dec. 5 at the company’s Tokyo headquarters. “Things won’t go smoothly until we make sure that we’ll beat the competition as many projects are being lined up to build new mills in southern China and Vietnam.” JFE’s plan is part of a push to be closer to customers in markets where demand is surging for Japanese products such as cars. The company’s challenge will be to cope with the high cost of setting up a plant at a time when China’s slowing economy is causing a glut, said Shinya Yamada, an analyst with Credit Suisse Securities Japan Ltd. “It’s no use to go ahead with the project when the industry is struggling with excess steel supply,” said Yamada, who has an outperform rating for JFE shares. “The risk is high.” JFE rose 0.9 percent to 1,310 yen in Tokyo, paring the stock’s decline this year to 6 percent. The key Nikkei 225 Stock Average has gained 13 percent since Jan. 1. Feasibility...
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...Severstal, which had lacked sufficient shareholder approval. The resulting merged business was named ArcelorMittal and headquartered in Luxembourg.The resulting firm produced approximately 10% of the world's steel, and was by far the world's largest steel company.Total revenues in 2007 were $105 billion.In October 2008, the market capitalization of ArcelorMittal was over $30 billion. On 30 June 2010, the European Commission fined 17 steel producers a total of €518 million for running a price-fixing cartel, with ArcelorMittal being fined over €270 million.In 2012 the company had $22 billion of debt.As of 2012, due to overcapacity and reduced demand in Europe it had idled 9 of 25 blast furnaces.In October 2012 it permanently shut down two blast furnaces at Florange,France.On October,31,2012,the company reported a third-quarter loss of $709 million as compared to a $659 million profit for the same period a year ago, citing the slow down in China's economy. Corporate crises of ArcelorMittal ArcelorMittal,the world’s biggest steelmaker, reported the lowest quarterly profit in almost three years...
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...to remember them for something they did or who they were; statue of liberty was a gift from France to the US that was to represent freedom and welcome immigrants to the US.) In the Bible, why were statues often built? (For worshipping false idols/gods) In our bible story today, a statue was built. But it wasn’t built for a good reason. BIBLE STORY: (Play hosted story then recount the story) Nebuchadnezzar was the king of Babylon. He did NOT worship God, but worshipped false gods. He made a tall statue out of gold and called for all the important officials to come and stand around the statue. “When you hear the sound of music, you must fall down and worship this gold statue. Anyone who does not obey this rule will be thrown into a fiery furnace!” The rule was for everyone, so when the people heard the sound of music, they fell down and worshipped the gold statue. Three men from Judah – Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego refused to bow down to a statue. Some men went to the king to complain. They didn’t like these men from Judah who did not obey their king....
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...LESSONS FROM THE FIERY FURNACE Daniel 3:19-30 Intro: This is one of those chapters in the Bible that we have been hearing since we were small children in Sunday school and Vacation Bible School. It is one of those passages that we think we know inside out, upside down and forward and backwards. It is one of those passages that we often neglect in our search for “deeper truth” in the Bible. Even though many of us have traveled a long way down the road of life, there are still some valuable lessons to be gleaned from the familiar stories of the Bible. I want to look into these precious verses this evening because I find help here. I find that there is help for those who may be enduring some trials in these days. I find there is help for all of us, because we live in a world that is becoming increasingly unfriendly toward God, Jesus Christ, the Bible, Christianity and the born again believer. I want to travel back in time to ancient Babylon, to a kingdom that was also unfriendly toward God and His ways. I want to look in on three young men with backbones of steel, who would not bend, bow or burn. I want to watch them as they endure their furnace of affliction. I want to learn some Lessons from the Fiery Furnace. There are three simple lessons in this passage that I would like to explore this evening. I. v. 19-23 GOD’S PEOPLE ARE A PERSECUTED PEOPLE (Ill. The Context – Nebuchadnezzar reacts in anger to the stand taken by the three Hebrew...
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...STEEL DIVISION | FY 10 | FY 09 | % Change | Hot Metal | 7.23 | 6.25 | 16 | Crude Steel | 6.56 | 5.65 | 16 | Saleable Steel | 6.44 | 5.37 | 20 | Sales | 6.17 | 5.23 | 18 | PRODUCTION | Best ever | FY 10 | Previous Best | 'G' Blast Furnace | Hot metal production | 2.08 | 2.04 – FY 09 | LD shop #2 & Slab Caster | Slab production | 3.70 | 3.51 – FY 09 | LD shop #1 | Billet production | 2.85 | 2.105 – FY 09 | Sinter Plant | Sinter productionSolid waste utilization | 7.6690% | 6.53 – FY 0989.61% | Hot Strip Mill | Production | 3.65 | 3.27 – FY 08 | Cold Rolling Mill | Production | 1.563 | 1.534 – FY 08 | New Bar Mill | Production | 0.672 | 0.612 – FY 09 | Wire Rod Mill | Production | 0.419 | 0.416 – FY 06 | Merchant Mill | Production | 0.341 | 0.328 – FY 09 | 2. FERRO ALLOYS & MINERALS DIVISION 3 Tubes division 4. Bearings division Tata Steel Europe (TSE) | FY 10 | FY 09 | Turnover | 65,843 | 109,570 | Profit Before Tax (PBT) | (7,712) | (184) | Profit after tax (PAT) | (7,504) | 138 | | FY 10 | FY 09 | Change % | Crude steel production | 14.4 | 15.8 | (9%) | Deliveries | 14.2 | 19.0 | (25%) | | FY 10 | FY 09 | Change % | Strip Products | 6.19 | 6.82 | (9%) | Long Products | 4.41 | 6.57 | (33%) | Distribution & Building systems | 3.58 | 5.40 | (34%) | Aluminum | - | 0.21 | - | Total | 14.17 | 19.00 | (25%) | | FY 10 | FY 09 | Change % | UK | 3.85 | 4.85 | (21%) | Europe(excluding...
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...Iron is a shiny grey metal that is oxidized into a reddish-brown ferric oxide when exposed to moist air. It was discovered in 3500BC and is ranked as the fourth most abundant element by mass. The other major elements are sulfur and nickel. While iron is ingrained in most minerals, the primary iron is haematite. Nonetheless, iron is found engrained in other minerals such as taconite (Royal Society of Chemistry). Iron is produced commercially by heating the iron ores with carbon and limestone. The initial process results in an intermediate known as pig iron. Pig iron contains approximately 3% of carbon and other contaminants. It is utilized in the production of steel. The annual production of crude steel approximately about 1.3 billion tons (Royal Society of Chemistry). Pure iron crystals have a very soft texture. In order to enhance its strength, iron is either mixed with impurities such as carbon, or it is complexed with other metals as is done in the manufacture of steel. Iron is an element that is essential to all living organisms. Several biological processes utilize iron. Iron-containing enzymes, such as catalase, catalyze some of the oxidation reactions in the body. Hemoglobin, the biomolecule that carries oxygen in the body contains iron as well (Cengage Learning). Scientific Background of Iron Iron is a transition metal. In the periodic table, it is in period 4 and group 8 element. The atomic number of iron is 26. It's documented melting point is 1538°C and has...
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...Macquarie University Master of Applied Finance ------------------------------------------------- Emissions Trading ------------------------------------------------- Assignment 2 ------------------------------------------------- Onesteel Prepared by: Wayne Andrews Student number: 41712986 September 2011 Subject Number : ECFS905 Lecturer : Julian Turecek Class : Sydney P. T. Company Selection Select an ASX200 company that is expected to have a carbon exposure equal to or greater than 2% of EBITDA at a $23/t carbon price. Question 1 Determine the company’s carbon exposure, including direct (Scope 1) and indirect (Scope 2) emissions and establish that its exposure is greater than 2%. The following table summarises Onesteel’s actual and estimated for FY10, FY11 and FY12 emissions and imputed carbon cost under the currently proposed Carbon Tax, relative to reported EBITDA. Table 1 – Implied impact of carbon pricing imputed to 2010 results | Company Guidance | Fixed Price imputed for comparison | Fiscal year commencing | FY10 | FY10 | FY11 | FY12 | Carbon Price (FY10/11 theoretical) | 23.0 | 23.0 | 23.0 | 23.0 | EITE Assistance Rate | 94.5% | 94.5% | 94.5% | 94.5% | EBIT DA $Mil | 619.0 | 619.0 | 638.0 | 717.6 | Type 1 Emissions | 2.55 | 2.55 | 2.66 | 3.05 | Type 2 Emissions | 1.34 | 1.34 | 1...
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...however, be used to produce fuel for heating and cooking. The discarded plant material is naturally rich in carbon, which like wood chunks can be used in to make homemade charcoal. Making your own charcoal can reduce dependence on fossil fuels, make heating and cooking cheaper and reduce the waste in landfills. Charcoal will go further if it is used efficiently and if its quality is optimum for the particular end use. Charcoal quality can be specified and measured in various ways which are usually derived from the various end use requirements. Efficiency in use normally means transferring the maximum amount of the heat content of the charcoal to the object to be heated, be it water for cooking, the air of a room, or the charge in a blast furnace. Efficiency depends on the use of properly designed charcoal burning equipment. Charcoal can be an excellent domestic fuel. User convenience, weight reduction for transportation and high energy content are important advantages of using charcoal. Except in some countries, industrial application of charcoal...
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