...CHAPTER THREE How Financial Statements are Used in Valuation Stephen H. Penman The web page for Chapter Three runs under the following headings: What the Chapter is Doing Historical Multiples Historical Equity and Bond Returns The Selection of Comparable Firms Screening Engines Calculating Multiples Unlevered (or Enterprise) Multiples Beware of Price-to-ebitda Ratios P/E Ratios and Dividends Price-to-sales Multiples During the Internet Bubble Multiple Comparison Methods and Chain Letters Asset-based valuation: Break Up Values Firms Trading as Market Values less than Net Assets No Arbitrage: the Law of One Price How Share Prices are Arbitraged Negative Stub Values Expectational Arbitrage and the Risk of Arbitraging The Cost of Arbitrage: Why There Might Appear to be an Arbitrage Opportunity When There is None. Dealing with Risk in Active Investing Readers’ Corner Appendix to Web Page: Formal Analysis of Abnormal Returns, No-arbitrage, and Market Efficiency What this Chapter is Doing Chapter 3 does three things: First, it looks at three valuation and investment approaches that use financial statement information, but in limited, suspect or impractical ways, and points out the pitfalls in these methods: ...
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...GRANT CHAPTERS Chapter 16 – Diversification Strategy * Linkages are not enough, the key to creating value is the ability of the diversified firm to share resources and transfer capabilities more efficiently than alternative institutional arrangements * Companies in low-growth, cash-flow rich industries such as tobacco and oil have been especially susceptible to the temptations of diversification * Diversification does not reduce “systematic risk” * Porter has 3 essential tests to decide if you should diversify 1. “Attractiveness Test” – the industry you enter must be attractive or capable of making attractive 2. “Cost-Of-Entry” – it must not capitalize all future profits 3. “BETTER OFF TEST” – the new unit must gain an advantage from being linked to the company (P&G & Gillete) * The attractiveness test and cost-of-entry usually cancel each other out. * An argument for diversification is “economies of scope” – This could be tangible resources such as sharing distribution networks, therefore eliminating duplication * You can also explore a brand to achieve “economies of scope” * Also management and organization capabilities = “economies of scope” * You don’t need to diversify to achieve “economies of scope”, you can license 1. ex: - Pepsi selling Starbucks Frappachino * Deciding which way to achieve “economies of scope” is a debate about market contracts...
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...Adventures in Debentures c Copyright ⃝ 2004 by Michael R. Gibbons Adventures in Debentures we can solve for y to obtain Solutions to The Grammar of Fixed Income Securities 1. Part Part Part Part Part Part a. b. c. d. e. f. $100/(1.20)3 = $57.87. $100/(2)3 = $12.50. $100/(1)3 = $100. $100/(1.10)6 = $56.45. $100/(1.05)12 = $55.68. $100/e.20×3 = $54.88. y= So yB = and yA = 2nLN nSN 1 + c/2 −1 . P/100 2 · 184 1 + .09125/2 − 1 = 2.991185% 105 103.6776495/100 2 · 184 1 + .09125/2 − 1 = 2.778233% . 105 103.7401495/100 2. Remember we are trying to find r such that the growth in our initial investment is the ˙ same as the growth from an alternative investment providing a rate of r(m). That is, find r ˙ Part a. Part b. Part c. Part d. ˙ ˙ such that er = (1 + r(m)/m)m so r = m ln(1 + r(m)/m). m = 1: ln(1.04) = 3.922%. m = 1: ln(1.20) = 18.232%. m = 4: 4 ln(1.05) = 19.516%. m = 1: ln(2) = 69.315%. In addition, we have Part b. Ignoring for the moment any restrictions on lot size, we note that a cash flow of $100 to be received on 12/31/92 and purchased on 9/17/92 is available either in the form of $100 par amount of the 12/31/92 bill or in the form of $100/(1+.09125/2) par amount of the 9 1/8’s of 12/31/92. (Indeed, since $100 par of the 9 1/8’s will pay off $(100 + 9.125/2) on 12/31/92, $100/(1 + .09125/2) par amount of the 9 1/8’s will pay off $100.) Can we buy this cash flow low through one instrument and sell it high through the other? We must see if the asked price of one of the...
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...Woko k rb o: Sm lQuso s n ap e et n ad i Eece xrss i September 2012 Level I Workbook: Sample Questions and Exercises Preface.......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Sample Exam Questions ............................................................................................................................. 2 Exercises ...................................................................................................................................................... 2 Errata Sheet................................................................................................................................................. 2 The Level II Examination and Completion of the Program ................................................................... 3 Topic 1: Professional Standards and Ethics ......................................................................................... 4 Topic 2: Introduction to Alternative Investments................................................................................ 6 Topic 3: Real Assets .............................................................................................................................. 20 Topic 4: Hedge Funds ........................................................................................................................... 29 Topic 5: Commodities ...............................
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...CORPORATE FINANCE T H IRD E DIT ION JONATHAN BERK STANFORD UNIVERSITY PETER D E MARZO STANFORD UNIVERSITY Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo To Rebecca, Natasha, and Hannah, for the love and for being there —J. B. To Kaui, Pono, Koa, and Kai, for all the love and laughter —P. D. Editor in Chief: Donna Battista Acquisitions Editor: Katie Rowland Executive Development Editor: Rebecca Ferris-Caruso Editorial Project Manager: Emily Biberger Managing Editor: Jeff Holcomb Senior Production Project Manager: Nancy Freihofer Senior Manufacturing Buyer: Carol Melville Cover Designer: Jonathan Boylan Cover Photo: Nikreates/Alamy Media Director: Susan Schoenberg Content Lead, MyFinanceLab: Miguel Leonarte Executive Media Producer: Melissa Honig Project Management and Text Design: Gillian Hall, The Aardvark Group Composition and Artwork: Laserwords Printer/Binder: R.R. Donnelley/Jefferson City Cover Printer: Lehigh Phoenix Text Font: Adobe Garamond Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text and on this copyright page. Credits: Cover: Sculpture in photo: Detail of Flamingo (1973), Alexander Calder. Installed in Federal Plaza, Chicago. Sheet metal and paint, 1615.4 x 1828.8 x 731...
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...julesv@wharton.upenn.edu Office hours: By Appointment Course Website: Available on Canvas COURSE DESCRIPTION This course is an in-depth introduction to finance with an emphasis on applications that are vital for corporate managers. We will discuss most of the major financial decisions made by corporate managers both within the firm and in their interactions with investors. Essential in most of these decisions is the process of valuation, which will be emphasized throughout the course. Topics include criteria for making investment decisions, valuation of financial assets and liabilities, relationships between risk and return, capital structure choice, payout policy, the effective use and valuation of derivative securities (futures, options), and risk management. 1 COURSE MATERIALS Textbook The textbook for the course is: Corporate Finance (plus MyFinanceLab), Jonathan Berk and Peter DeMarzo, 3rd ed., Pearson - Prentice Hall, 2014. (SBN-10: 0-13-342415-4; ISBN-13: 978-0-13342415-7) There are several options for accessing the book and MyFinanceLab. You can purchase the book with MyFinanceLab. You can purchase the e-book and MyFinanceLab. You can purchase or rent the book, and purchase MyFinanceLab separately. Please see the last page of this syllabus for details for details on registering for MyFinanceLab. Other required readings are listed in the syllabus and made available through Canvas or Study.net. Slides PowerPoint slides for all of the class...
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...CORPORATE FINANCE T H IRD E DIT ION JONATHAN BERK STANFORD UNIVERSITY PETER D E MARZO STANFORD UNIVERSITY Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo To Rebecca, Natasha, and Hannah, for the love and for being there —J. B. To Kaui, Pono, Koa, and Kai, for all the love and laughter —P. D. Editor in Chief: Donna Battista Acquisitions Editor: Katie Rowland Executive Development Editor: Rebecca Ferris-Caruso Editorial Project Manager: Emily Biberger Managing Editor: Jeff Holcomb Senior Production Project Manager: Nancy Freihofer Senior Manufacturing Buyer: Carol Melville Cover Designer: Jonathan Boylan Cover Photo: Nikreates/Alamy Media Director: Susan Schoenberg Content Lead, MyFinanceLab: Miguel Leonarte Executive Media Producer: Melissa Honig Project Management and Text Design: Gillian Hall, The Aardvark Group Composition and Artwork: Laserwords Printer/Binder: R.R. Donnelley/Jefferson City Cover Printer: Lehigh Phoenix Text Font: Adobe Garamond Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text and on this copyright page. Credits: Cover: Sculpture in photo: Detail of Flamingo (1973), Alexander Calder. Installed in Federal Plaza, Chicago. Sheet metal and paint, 1615.4 x 1828.8 x 731...
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...National Cheng-Chi University 研究所MBA: Tuesdays 6:10-9 Commerce Building 260306 Yee-Tien (Ted) Fu Undergraduate: Tuesdays 9:10:noon Commerce 260508 Autumn 2009 (3 units) Course Objective This course examines important issues in the rapidly evolving area of international financial markets. It focuses on various aspects of international portfolio management and open-economy macroeconomics, and is a natural extension to the theories and practical issues explored in Investments and/or Finance. This course is aimed at students wishing to acquire a sound understanding of the main opportunities in international investments. For example, the relevance of hedging in the management of currency risk will be studied in light of theoretical results and empirical evidence. We will also briefly cover foreign direct investment (FDI), since in general, the revenue generated from FDI by U.S. firms is about three times as large as the revenue generated from the exporting of U.S. goods by U.S. firms. Due to the ever increasing importance of international corporate governance, there is a corresponding need to decipher and use information in financial reports. At least one class meeting and one case study will touch on some key issues in international financial reporting and analysis, such as financial disclosure/transparency, incentives for off-balance sheet liabilities, hedge accounting, lease accounting, footnote disclosures, and intercorporate equity investments, and international...
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...CHAPTER 1 Introduction Practice Questions Problem 1.1 What is the difference between a long forward position and a short forward position? When a trader enters into a long forward contract, she is agreeing to buy the underlying asset for a certain price at a certain time in the future. When a trader enters into a short forward contract, she is agreeing to sell the underlying asset for a certain price at a certain time in the future. Problem 1.2. Explain carefully the difference between hedging, speculation, and arbitrage. A trader is hedging when she has an exposure to the price of an asset and takes a position in a derivative to offset the exposure. In a speculation the trader has no exposure to offset. She is betting on the future movements in the price of the asset. Arbitrage involves taking a position in two or more different markets to lock in a profit. Problem 1.3. What is the difference between entering into a long forward contract when the forward price is $50 and taking a long position in a call option with a strike price of $50? In the first case the trader is obligated to buy the asset for $50. (The trader does not have a choice.) In the second case the trader has an option to buy the asset for $50. (The trader does not have to exercise the option.) Problem 1.4. Explain carefully the difference between selling a call option and buying a put option. Selling a call option involves giving someone else the right to buy an asset from you...
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...Midterm Study Guide Fin 5170 Fall 2009 The exam will consist on multiple choices, and problems and may be an essay question. I will ask a maximum of two questions taken from the following material covered in class: Chapter 1 • Describe the concept of agency problems and different ways to ameliorate agency problems in a corporation Chapter 3 • Example 3.7 (pages 65-66) • Use the concept of arbitrage to explain the price of Security A in table 3.8, and Security B in table 3.9). Compute the risk premium of both securities. • Example 3.10 in page 72 • Example 3.11 in page 74 • Problems 14, 17, 18 (pages 78-80) You will also have the opportunity to answer several questions from the next pages: Chapter 1 - The Corporation 1.1 The Four Types of Firms 2) Which of the following organization forms for a business does not avoid double taxation? A) Limited Partnership B) "C" Corporation C) "S" Corporation D) Limited Liability Company Answer: B 3) Which of the following organization forms has the most revenue? A) "S" Corporation B) Limited Partnership C) "C" Corporation D) Limited Liability Company Answer: C 4) Which of the following organization forms accounts for the greatest number of firms? A) "S" Corporation B) Limited Partnership C) Sole Proprietorship D) "C" Corporation ...
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...ANSWERS AND SOLUTIONS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1. Globalization and the Multinational Firm Suggested Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions 3 2. International Monetary System Suggested Answers and Solutions to End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems 12 3. Balance of Payments Suggested Answers and Solutions to End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems 17 4. The Market for Foreign Exchange Suggested Answers and Solutions to End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems 23 5. International Parity Relationships Suggested Answers and Solutions to End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems 33 6. International Banking Suggested Answers and Solutions to End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems 40 7. International Bond Markets Suggested Answers and Solutions to End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems 50 8. International Equity Markets Suggested Answers and Solutions to End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems 56 9. Futures and Options on Foreign Exchange Suggested Answers and Solutions to End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems 62 10. Currency and Interest Rate Swaps Suggested Answers and Solutions to End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems 70 11. International Portfolio Investments Suggested Answers and Solutions to End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems 78 12. Management of Economic Exposure Suggested Answers and Solutions to End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems 87 13. Management of Transaction...
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...FIN 535 – International Finance COURSE DESCRIPTION Presents international financial tools, applications, and concepts used in formulating effective financial management strategies. Examines fundamental international financial relationships and transactions among firms, foreign exchange rate determination and forecasting, foreign exchange risk and exposure, balance of payment accounting, and evolution of the international monetary system. Analyzes special topics such as working capital management strategies, capital budgeting, cost of capital, and optimal capital structure in the context of international operations. INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS Required Resources Madura, J. (2012). International financial management (11th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Supplemental Resources Al Nasser, O.M. (2010). How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth? The role of local conditions. Latin American Business Review 11, 111-139. Kornecki, L. & E. M. Ekanayake. (2011). Inward FDI stock in the U.S. economy and state based determinants. Advances in Management, 4(6), 13-24. Ranjan, V. & Agrawal, G. (2011). FDI inflow determinants in BRIC countries: A panel data analysis. International Business Research, 4(4), 255-263. United Nations. (2011). Foreign Direct Investments in LDCs: Lessons learned from the decade 20012010 and the way forward. United National Conference on Trade and Development. COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Compare multinational financial management...
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...Barings bank, was founded in London, UK, in 1763 as a merchant bank. During 80’s it started to have big international success. And in 1995 it collapsed because of general manager in charge of setting up the trading operations in Singapore (Mr. Leeson). The whole story started when Mr. Leeson found out that there was an error, when one of his phone clerks sold the contracts rather than bought them. That day the loss was calculated to be 20,000 Pounds. The only thing he could do was to close the deal only in the upcoming Monday. Because of a busy day on Monday, Mr. Leeson forgot and now this was a problem that could affect not only the clerk but also him. So, he decided to hide this error permanently in an account 88888, but after some days this error could cost the firm 60,000 Pounds so this became a very serious problem that could cause Mr. Lesson troubles with his position in the company and also affect his bonuses (which until now were really high). So he decided to hide this error, and lots of others made by him or his team, which they reached the loss of almost 1 billion dollars. Why did Mr. Leeson behave that way? While reading the case, you can understand that one of Mr. Leeson’s ambitions was to become a floor trader. When he was sent to Singapore, his position was to control both settlement and floor operations and this was not a common practice for Bearings. This way he could control the firm’s operations and also in the same time work in the back office, which...
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...Programs FIN 5535 - Futures and Options (Weekend) I. INSTRUCTOR * Francisco J De Cossio (fdecossi@nova.edu) | II. COURSE DESCRIPTION Futures and Options: This course examines the structure and functions of the futures and options markets. The course covers the structure of options and futures markets with an emphasis on American markets such as the CME and CBOE. Additional topics include arbitrage restrictions, option pricing, hedging with futures, options on futures, exotics, trading strategies, and an introduction to corporate securities as options on the underlying cash flows. Prerequisites: FIN 5620 and FIN 5530. | III. PREREQUISITES ( GMP 5620 OR FIN 5620 ) AND ( FIN 5530 OR GMP 5530 ) | IV. LEARNING OUTCOMES A. ENTRANCE COMPETENCIES: Students must have prerequisite course work in the areas of basic accounting, basic economics, basic mathematics and statistics, managerial accounting, managerial economics, managerial finance, and quantitative methods. Additional coursework in financial markets and investments is required. All students entering this course should be computer literate, familiar with Microsoft Office 97 Professional Edition or 2000 Professional Edition Software, have unrestricted access to a personal computer, and have the ability to communicate effectively in writing. B. EXIT COMPETENCIES: By the end of this course the student should be able to: 1) Define and describe the nature of options and futures contracts. 2) Use options...
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...The media’s watching Vault! Here’s a sampling of our coverage. “For those hoping to climb the ladder of success, [Vault’s] insights are priceless.” – Money magazine “The best place on the web to prepare for a job search.” – Fortune “[Vault guides] make for excellent starting points for job hunters and should be purchased by academic libraries for their career sections [and] university career centers.” – Library Journal “The granddaddy of worker sites.” – US News and World Report “A killer app.” – New York Times One of Forbes’ 33 “Favorite Sites” – Forbes “To get the unvarnished scoop, check out Vault.” – Smart Money Magazine “Vault has a wealth of information about major employers and jobsearching strategies as well as comments from workers about their experiences at specific companies.” – The Washington Post “A key reference for those who want to know what it takes to get hired by a law firm and what to expect once they get there.” – New York Law Journal “Vault [provides] the skinny on working conditions at all kinds of companies from current and former employees.” – USA Today HEDG FUND CARE VAULT CAREER GUIDE TO HEDGE FUNDS © 2007 Vault, Inc. HEDG FUND VAULT CAREER GUIDE TO HEDGE FUNDS ADITI A. DAVARE, HOLLY GOODRICH, MICHAEL MARTINEZ AND THE STAFF OF VAULT © 2007 Vault, Inc. Copyright © 2007 by Vault Inc. All rights reserved. All information in this book is subject to change without notice. Vault makes no claims...
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