...REL-327-DL01 December 7, 2014 Word Count : 3185 Word Count w/outline: 3286 Galatians 3:1-29 Abstract The purpose of this writing is to discuss the book of Galatians Chapter 3 verses 1-29. My goal is to give you the when, what, who, where and why. I will also do some examination of each verse in this chapter. I hope to give further insight to myself and others on this chapter in the bible. A thesis statement and stated approach in the Introduction Paul is writing this letter to the people of Galatia to combat the teachings of the Judaizers. After he came to tell them about God after he left the Juadaizers came in and started to teach them that they had to follow the Jewish laws. Paul felt that they had been led astray and he wanted to get them back on track. Now the where, who and Paul’s occasion for writing. The first where is Galatia located? Galatia is located in Northern Asia Minor. It was originally populated by Celts. It was reorganized into a Province by the Romans after the last Galatian King died. It added other districts to it to make the Province these areas are Isauria, parts of Lycaonia, Palphlagonia, Pisidia, Phrygia and Pontus. Who was Paul writing to? This is up to debate for the people that Paul was writing to. There is a Northern Galatia Theory, Southern Galatia theory. People that favor the Northern Galatia Theory contend this for a couple of reasons. One would be his use of “You foolish Galatians. This refers to words used closer to residents in Antioch of Pisidia...
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...Introduction The theology presented by Martin Luther in the sixteenth century greatly influenced the Protestant church reformation. Luther offered several ideas that tried to determine the relationship between the gospel and the law and others that sought to explain justification by faith. Unlike the Christian teachings during his time, Luther affirmed that the Christian righteousness is only acquired from without. He suggested that the righteousness not only comes from Christ but is also Christ’s righteousness that is ascribed to Christians through faith. In this regard, Luther explored the dissimilarities between the righteousness accorded to Christians as a gift through faith and Christian’s own proper righteousness which works in the power of the gift through Jesus to do different works of mercy and love. Consequently, Luther presented a Latin phrase that further described Christian justification, “Simul Justus et Peccator” which is directly interpreted as “simultaneously just and sinners.” Therefore, this paper will explain and evaluate Martin Luther’s ideas of the double righteousness possessed by Christians using his commentaries on Galatians and Romans as well as his 1519 sermon on two kinds of righteousness. Luther’s ideas on Simul Justus et Peccator and Justification Luther’s sermon on the two kinds of righteousness is associated with the reformers belief of salvation and living by faith and not works. The original justice presented by Luther is the alien righteousness...
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...audiences. Fourteen of the twenty-seven books in the New Testament have traditionally been attributed to Paul, and approximately half of the Acts of the Apostlesdeals with Paul's life and works. Seven of the epistles are undisputed by scholars as being authentic, with varying degrees of argument about the remainder. The Pauline authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews, already doubted in the 2nd and 3rd centuries but almost unquestioningly accepted from the 5th to the 16th centuries, is now almost universally rejected by scholars. The other six are believed by some scholars to have come from followers writing in his name, using material from Paul's surviving letters and letters written by him that no longer survive. Other scholars argue that the idea of a pseudonymous author for the disputed epistles raises many problems. Today, his epistles continue to be vital roots of the theology, worship, and pastoral life in the Roman and Protestant traditions of the West, as well as the Orthodox traditions of the East. Among the many other apostles and missionaries involved in the spread of the Christian faith, his influence on Christian thought and practice has been characterized as being as "profound as it is pervasive". Augustine of Hippo developed Paul's idea that salvationis based on faith and not "works of the law". Martin Luther's interpretation ofPaul's...
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...blessed be he who did not make me an uneducated person.'"[2] Jewish Rabbis in the first century were encouraged not to teach or even to speak with women. Jewish wisdom literature tells us that "he that talks much with womankind brings evil upon himself and neglects the study of the Law and at the last will inherit Gehenna [hell]."[3] One reason for the avoidance of women was the belief that they could lead men astray: "From garments cometh a moth and from a woman the iniquities of a man" (Ecclus. 42:13). Indeed, men were often viewed as intrinsically better than women, for "better is the iniquity of a man than a woman doing a good turn" (Ecclus. 42:14).[4] In view of this low status of women, it is not surprising that they enjoyed few legal rights in Jewish society. Women were not even allowed to give evidence in a court of law. Moreover, according to the rabbinic school that followed Rabbi Hillel, a man could legally divorce his wife if she burned his dinner. It was in this oppressive context that Christianity was born. Many people - both men and women - have hailed Jesus as a feminist because of His elevation of women in a male-chauvinist society. Moreover, Paul's statement in Galatians 3:28 - "There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus" (NIV) - has been called "the Magna Carta of humanity."[5] Because of the Christian's standing in Christ, it is argued, the subordination of women that was (allegedly) caused...
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...Summary of the books of the New Testament Mark Mark is the first written gospel of the New Testament. Mark is not an apostle, nor is he one of the disciples. It is traditionally thought that Mark is a disciple of Peter. It is unclear as to where Mark was when he wrote this gospel. The gospel of Mark appears to set the stage or pattern for the other written gospels as it may have been used as a source in the composition of Matthew and Luke. Mark uses narrative form to tell the story of Jesus’ life, beginning with His early career continuing until His death. Mark uses stories about Jesus’ teachings, travels, and miraculous works to aid the understanding of His intentions. Mark focuses on the death of Jesus and all the events that led up to the crucifixion. Thus, it is the death of Jesus that is the guiding principle of this gospel, not the life. Many important facts are presented Mark. First, Jesus Christ is the Messiah as stated throughout the Old Testament. Second, Jesus lived a sinless and perfect life, proving He was the Son of God as he claimed. Third, the Gospel tells of His numerous miracle-performing capabilities. Most importantly, Jesus overcame death through His resurrection. In this miraculous event, He proves that there is no power that can conquer Him. The gospel of Mark gives perfect instructions on how God’s people should live; having faith (Mark 2:5), believing in the power of God (Mark 5:36), replacing fear with trust (Mark 4:40), following...
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...visit them, he sent letters. When Paul died, his letters were kept as treasures. Each church that had received one of his letters saved it, had it read during worship services, and exchanged copies of the letter with other congregations close by. Later the congregations tried to complete their collection. But this view does not match the uniformity of manuscript evidence. --David Trobisch 1 It is even more remarkable that attempts to reconstruct the supposed document 'Q' (the lost collection used by both Matthew and Luke postulated by those who argue that Matthew and Luke are independent) use text-critical terminology to describe their activities. However, since all they are doing is making selections from a twentieth-century printed text, which does not even presume to provide confidently the text of the four-Gospel collection, never mind that of the independent first-century texts, this use of language must be dismissed as illusory. --David Parker 2 Modern scholarship has produced detailed biographies of Paul, massive multi-volume inquiries into “the historical Jesus,” and mountains of exegetical literature that claims to extract the author’s meaning from each word of each New Testament book. Typically, this literature analyzes the scriptural texts with little reference to actual manuscripts. Exegetes and even historians typically allude to manuscripts only briefly when they encounter variant readings that they deem particularly significant, such as the longer endings of Mark...
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...Paul: Sin and Salvation Paul’s views on the life of Jesus Is unique to the rest of the new testament writers. And although, Paul (once Saul) persecuted Jesus when he was alive, in the end, would be commissioned by Jesus himself. ”Paul an apostle—sent neither by human commission nor from human authorities, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father, who raised him from the dead—2and all the members of God’s family* who are with me.” (Galatians 1:1-2 NSRV). In fact, Paul was the first writer of the New Testament and his many letters give us much insight on how educated and cultured he was. He seems to be well versed in Greek, Roman and Jewish traditions, and his letters carefully and methodically use key terms and phrases to capture the hearts of each of those audiences. Paul is quite proficient at amalgamating opposing schools of thought, in order to create a bridge for the belief in Jesus, as the Christ and salvation for the world. A great example of Paul’s ability to unit different bodies of knowledge to create solidarity, can be read in Romans chapter 2 verse 14 “When Gentiles, who do not possess the law, do instinctively what the law requires, these, though not having the law, are a law to themselves.” (Romans 2:14). Here Paul is addressing the cream of the crop, in Greek thought concerning sin. Greek philosophy during that time (and for many contemporary philosophers today), concerning sin, was that man has the critical intrinsic mental faculties that enable rational...
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...RSV version of the Bible where you can read each of these – you may also use a different version of the Bible that you may own or have available); • Acts 20 – (http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/r/rsv/rsv-idx?type=DIV1&byte=5033832 ) • Romans 5.l-11, 8.1-27, 8.31-39, 12.1-8, 12.9-21 (http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/r/rsv/rsv-idx?type=DIV1&byte=5173534 ) • 2 Corinthians 5.16-21, 9 (http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/r/rsv/rsv-idx?type=DIV1&byte=5284924) • Galatians 3.15-29, 5.13-12, 5.16-20, 6.1-10 (http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/r/rsv/rsv-idx?type=DIV1&byte=5320346) • Ephesians 4.22-32 (http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/r/rsv/rsv-idx?type=DIV1&byte=5338807) Part 2 – 10 marks Answer the following questions in detail in complete sentences. You must respond in a minimum of 2-3 sentences. 1. What is the meaning and purpose of conversion in St. Paul’s life, and in the life of the Catholic Church? Conversion literally means "turning towards”. Conversion is someone turning towards God or the Church from sin or life of sin. St. Paul turned towards God after Jesus’ death. Paul had changed his mentality about his beliefs and the Messiah himself. 2. How did the early Church understand the “Law” in relationship to the new covenant, as presented in the letters of Paul? That is, what changes occurred with the new Covenant as opposed to the early teachings of Abraham and Moses? 3. What was the key law for the new Church? To answer this question, you will again need consider...
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...at the very end of this lesson. Part 1 Read the following Scriptures (I have included a link where to the RSV version of the Bible where you can read each of these – you may also use a different version of the Bible that you may own or have available); * Acts 20 – (http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/r/rsv/rsv-idx?type=DIV1&byte=5033832 ) * Romans 5.l-11, 8.1-27, 8.31-39, 12.1-8, 12.9-21 (http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/r/rsv/rsv-idx?type=DIV1&byte=5173534 ) * 2 Corinthians 5.16-21, 9 (http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/r/rsv/rsv-idx?type=DIV1&byte=5284924) * Galatians 3.15-29, 5.13-12, 5.16-20, 6.1-10 (http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/r/rsv/rsv-idx?type=DIV1&byte=5320346) * Ephesians 4.22-32 (http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/r/rsv/rsv-idx?type=DIV1&byte=5338807) Part 2 – 10 marks Answer the following questions in detail in complete sentences. You must respond in a minimum of 2-3 sentences. 1. What is the meaning and purpose of conversion in St. Paul’s life, and in the life of the Catholic Church? 2. How did the early Church understand the “Law” in relationship to the new covenant, as presented in the letters of Paul? That is, what changes occurred with the new Covenant as opposed to the early teachings of Abraham and Moses? 3. What was the key law for the new Church? To answer this question, you will again need consider your response for question three. What element of Jesus’ teachings are new? 4. Describe the structure of...
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...would establish “an international network of transformed, peaceable, multicultural communities worshipping and obeying one true God” (pg. 22). Mentioning Paul’s transformation from adversary to apostle of Jesus Christ, the novel explores the missionary trips and letters of Paul—both disputed and undisputed—to the various Christian communities. In addition, hallmarks of the apostle are explained as well such as: inclusion of Gentiles, commitments to non-violence, the value in suffering, and reconciliation. Diverting to the heart of the novel, Gorman creates eight themes, or “Paul’s big ideas”, that are evident throughout Pauline texts. The eight “big ideas” Gorman presents surround God, Christ, us, and the bonds that exist between one another. The first four of these focuses on Paul’s ideology of the imminent end and the role Jesus plays in the transition. The first of these describes the phrase “In the fullness of time”. According to Gorman, “the event of Jesus Christ was God’s perfectly timed means of effecting the transition from this age to the age to come” (pg. 59). This age to come occurs on a timeline that encompasses (i.) the death and resurrection of Jesus, (ii.) the current overlap of the ages, and ends with (iii.) the new age to come in all its glory. The next theme, described as “The Gospel of God” shows how the law could not deliver people from the power of Sin, and so, by means of God’s grace and love, reconciliation is made possible. We are reconciled through the ...
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...Research Paper Living the Christian Life : According To Romans 8 By Randy E Brown Bible 425-D11 Presented To Prof. Jerry Hall Department of Religion Liberty University, Lynchburg, Va Date: Introduction The Christian Life, according to Romans 8, should not be based on condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus. Based on the fact through Christ Jesus, the law of the Spirit who gives life has set you free from the law of sin and death (verse1-2). In the early Christian Practical Issues, The Apostle Paul forms the main character in relation to examining the respective entities attached to the issue. He was charged with three different assignments which were; preaching the gospel to the gentiles, providing the church leaders with the biblical instructions and encouragements, and lastly to teach the Christian community ways to live righteously in an unsaved world. Through endless efforts and dedication, Paul was able to accomplish these tasks via his ongoing missionary journeys plus the letters he wrote to various churches. It is evident that while Jesus’ life and teachings tend to offer Christianity with the required foundation...
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...Have you ever wondered why you exist, why you were born? Have you ever suspected there isn't a purpose to life at all? What is the meaning of life? Is there anything beyond this physical life? If you've ever pondered questions like these, you're not alone. Mankind has pondered these questions for millennia. Philosophers, scientists and theologians have tried to resolve them, but with confusing and contradictory results. Can you know the answers to these questions? Yes, you can! The astonishing answers can be found in the pages of your Bible. Did you know that the main reason the Bible was written was to explain how God is creating His own family, the sons of God? It is amazing how few people grasp this incredible truth, yet it is so plain in the Bible. At the beginning of the Bible is the account of the creation of Adam and Eve. All human beings are their descendants. We are, by natural descent, their great, extended family. Adam was, according to his natural parentage, a son of God (Luke 3:38 ). Therefore, in our natural descent, we are all the children of God. He is our Father by physical creation. Creating immortal children But God's purpose is far greater than the creation of corruptible and perishable human beings. God is in the process of creating His own spiritual children who will be incorruptible-children with eternal life who have His divine nature or character. He refers to this new creation in terms of "the old man," in contrast with "the new man," who is...
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...is writing to show that there exist no cooperativeness and salvation is the work of God alone. For the purposes of this paper I will discuss Luther’s arguments in sub-section two. In this paper I will review Luther’s argument regarding the inability of mankind to work to receive justification apart from the spirit, the strengths and weaknesses of his argument and give reasoning as to why I agree with Luther’s argument. In this section Luther is attempting to correct errors made by others teaching as it related to works and grace. Luther is trying to give readers an understanding of Paul’s writings “For ‘no human being will be justified in his sight’ by deeds prescribed by the law,” (Rom 3:20). One of the key points Luther is trying to convey is that Paul is not speaking to a particular group of people. He is not referring only to the Jews, or the Pharisees or even exclusively to the Gentiles. Paul’s verbiage was inclusive in this scripture and in Luther’s mind should not have been any room for misinterpretation. Paul did not write to a specific group, he focused on the actions of all people. If Paul would have written directly to a group of people many would have thought that he was leaving out a particular group or that this was not written for everyone. When according to Luther it is not the people that he is addressing or...
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...Romans and the World View By Randy E Brown Bible 425 Prof. Jerry Hall Liberty University, Lynchburg, Va Date: Introduction The Christian Life and World View according to Romans, should not be based on condemnation for those who are not in Christ Jesus. Based on the fact through Christ Jesus, the law of the Spirit who gives life has set you free from the law of sin and death (verse1-2).In the early Christian Practical Issues, The Apostle Paul forms the main character in relation to examining the respective entities attached to the issue. He was charged with three different assignments which were; preaching the gospel to the gentiles, providing the church leaders with the biblical instructions and encouragements, and lastly to teach the Christian community ways to live righteously in an unsaved world. Creation Romans on creation depicts that “for since the creation of the world, God’s invisible qualities such as the external power and the divine nature can easily be witnessed as also understood from what has been made. This reflects on the essence of creation as it presents God’s internal power and divine power. In Romans 5, those that place their trusts in Christ become “brad new creature” with the old things passing away where everything becomes new. Sin The consequences of sin according to the Romans are vast in relation to undermining ability to effectively interact with others. In Romans 6:23, the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God...
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...Although he was not the first to ever express these beliefs, the idea that Paul presented was quite radical for his time and may not have been taken with the same authority as some of his other teachings. However, the basic formula that Paul used in some of his letters was also presented by subsequent writer’s years after he was finished with his ministry. The most straightforward presentation of Paul s view on the role of women is in Galatians 3:28, there is no longer male and female; for all of you are one in Christ Jesus. This statement brought up the idea of baptism and the key role it plays in the life of a Christian. Paul states that when you are baptized in the name of Jesus all worldly distinctions are no longer important. A person is not to be viewed based on past religion, life before baptism, or gender, he or she will now be viewed simply as a follower of Christ. By following Christ a person is baptized into a single body, no divisions are to be made due to past traditions. This formula for equality that Paul presents in Galatians 3:27-28 is echoed in many of his other letters. However, it is not presented as directly; there seem to be some omissions and changes. While writing to Corinth, Paul again expresses the...
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