...Saga Magazines... How does ageing affect you? MENOPAUSE The menopause, sometimes known as “the change of life”, is where a woman’s ovaries stop producing an egg every 4 weeks, meaning she no longer has periods and is unlikely to get pregnant. Monthly periods can sometimes stop suddenly when you reach the menopause; however it is more likely that your periods will become less frequent, with longer intervals between each one, before they stop altogether. In the UK, 51 is the average age for a woman to reach the menopause, although some women experience the menopause in their 30’s or 40’s. Symptoms The menopause can cause a wide range of physical and mental symptoms. The first symptom is usually a change in the pattern of your monthly periods. This is called the premenopausal stage, during this time you may have light or heavy periods (menorrhagia). Other symptoms can include: * Hot flushes and night sweats * Loss of libido (sex drive) * Headaches * Mood changes, such as depression, anxiety or tiredness * Urinary Tract Infections (UTI’s) * Noticeable heartbeat * Vaginal discomfort, pain, itching and dryness The severity of symptoms and the overall duration of the menopause will vary depending on a number of factors including genetics, lifestyle, diet, stress, and overall health. Although if you experience the menopause suddenly, rather than gradually, your symptoms may be worse. The menopause is caused by a change in the balance of the body’s...
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...CHAPTER 7 DEVIANCE AND SOCIAL CONTROL Deviance 171 Social Policy and Social Control: Illicit Drug Use in Canada and Worldwide 193 What Is Deviance? 171 Explaining Deviance 175 Social Control 182 Conformity and Obedience 182 Informal and Formal Social Control Law and Society 186 Crime 185 187 Types of Crime 188 Crime Statistics 190 The Issue 193 The Setting 193 Sociological Insights 193 Policy Initiatives 193 Boxes RESEARCH IN ACTION: Street Kids 183 sOCIOLOGY IN THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY: Singapore: A Nation of Campaigns 186 TAKING SOCIOLOGY TO WORK: Holly Johnson, Chief of Research, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada 192 Cigarette smoking has become stigmatized in Canada. This newspaper advertisement, sponsored by Health Canada, reverses the typical advertising strategy of equating smoking with sexiness. 169 H eidi Fleiss was in her late twenties when she was arrested for operating a call girl service. At the time, her pediatrician father had reacted flippantly, “I guess I didn’t do such a good job on Heidi after all.” Later, he would be convicted of conspiring to hide profits from his daughter’s call girl ring. Fleiss had dropped out of school when she was sixteen and established a liaison with a playboyfinancier who gave her a Rolls-Royce for her twenty-first birthday. In her early twenties, Fleiss interned in the world of prostitution by working for Madame Alex (Elizabeth Adams)...
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...CHAPTER 5 ITEMIZED DEDUCTIONS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS Discussion Questions 1. What is the difference between deductions from AGI and deductions for AGI? Answer: For AGI expenditures are outflows made for the production of income or for a trade or business and are included in the calculation of adjusted gross income. From AGI deductions are primarily personal expenditures that are allowed to reduce taxable income. 2. What are the six types of personal expenses that can be classified as itemized deductions on Schedule A, Form 1040? Answer: Personal expenses allowed as itemized deductions include medical expenses, state and local taxes, interest, charitable gifts, casualty losses, and miscellaneous deductions. 3. Describe the concept of a 7.5% floor for medical deductions. Answer: The 7.5% floor means that medical expense deductions are not allowed until the total medical deductions exceed 7.5% of AGI. Thus, medical expenditures, net of insurance reimbursements, must be substantial in order to gain any tax benefit. 4. Can an individual get a medical deduction for a capital improvement to their personal residence? If so, how is it calculated? Answer: For medical capital expenditures that improve the taxpayer's property, the deduction is available only to the extent that the medical expenditure exceeds the increase in the FMV of the residence. 5. What are the general requirements...
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...Chapter 06 Individual Deductions SOLUTIONS MANUAL Discussion Questions 1. [LO 1] It has been suggested that tax policy favors deductions for AGI compared to itemized deductions. Describe two ways in which deductions for AGI are treated more favorably than itemized deductions. Itemized deductions must exceed the standard deduction before taxpayers receive any tax benefit from the deductions (this is equivalent to an overall floor limit). In contrast, business deductions that are deductible for AGI (above the line) reduce taxable income without being subject to an overall floor limit. Also, itemized deductions are subject to many mechanical limitations including ceilings, floors, and phase-outs whereas business deductions are generally not subject to these limits (there are limits on certain specific deductions, but this will be described in greater detail in chapter 8). 2. [LO 1] How is a business activity distinguished from an investment activity? Why is this distinction important for the purpose of calculating federal income taxes? Both business and investment activities are motivated primarily by profit intent, but they can be distinguished by the level of profit-seeking activity. A business activity is commonly described as a sustained, continuous, high level of profit-seeking activity, whereas investment activities don’t require a high level of involvement. The distinction can be important for the location of deductions, because business deductions...
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...Chapter 06 Individual Deductions SOLUTIONS MANUAL Discussion Questions 1. [LO 1] It has been suggested that tax policy favors deductions for AGI compared to itemized deductions. Describe two ways in which deductions for AGI are treated more favorably than itemized deductions. Itemized deductions must exceed the standard deduction before taxpayers receive any tax benefit from the deductions (this is equivalent to an overall floor limit). In contrast, business deductions that are deductible for AGI (above the line) reduce taxable income without being subject to an overall floor limit. Also, itemized deductions are subject to many mechanical limitations including ceilings, floors, and phase-outs whereas business deductions are generally not subject to these limits (there are limits on certain specific deductions, but this will be described in greater detail in chapter 8). 2. [LO 1] How is a business activity distinguished from an investment activity? Why is this distinction important for the purpose of calculating federal income taxes? Both business and investment activities are motivated primarily by profit intent, but they can be distinguished by the level of profit-seeking activity. A business activity is commonly described as a sustained, continuous, high level of profit-seeking activity, whereas investment activities don’t require a high level of involvement. The distinction can be important for the location of deductions, because business deductions...
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...1. The profit motive distinguishes "business" activities from "personal" activities. True False 2. All business expense deductions are claimed above the line. True False 3. All investment expenses are itemized deductions. True False 4. Rental or royalty expenses are deductible "for" AGI. True False 5. To be deductible, business expenses must be directly related to a business activity. True False 6. The phrase "ordinary and necessary" means that an expense must be appropriate and helpful for generating a profit. True False 7. All reasonable moving expenses are deductible if the move is a minimum of 35 miles in distance. True False 8. To deduct a moving expense, the taxpayer must be employed or self employed for a specific amount of time after the move. True False 9. Self employed taxpayers can deduct the cost of health insurance as long as they do not actually participate in their spouses' employer-provided health plan. True False 10. Self employed taxpayers can choose between claiming a deduction or a credit for the employer portion of self employment taxes paid. True False 11. An individual who forfeits a penalty for prematurely withdrawing a certificate of deposit (CD) is allowed to net the penalty against the interest income from the CD. True False 12. Qualified education expenses for purposes of the deduction of interest on educational loans are expenses paid for the education of the taxpayer, the taxpayer's spouse, or a taxpayer's...
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...Ch06. Itemized Deductions LO 1 Identify the common deductions necessary for calculating adjusted gross income (AGI). LO 2 Describe the different types of itemized deductions available to individuals and compute itemized deductions. LO 3 Explain the operation of the standard deduction, determine the deduction for personal and dependency exemptions, and compute taxable income. 1. [§213]Patricia paid the following medical expenses in the current tax year: Surgeon's fees $1,200 Medical insurance premiums 600 Hospital fees 800 Prescription drugs 310 Vitamins, not prescribed by doctor 200 Her adjusted gross income for the year is $20,000. She receives a $500 reimbursement from his health insurance company. Determine the amount of her medical expense deduction for the current year. a. $ - 0 - b. $ 610 c. $410 d. $910 e. $1,110 D 2. [§165] Jim's home was totally destroyed by fire in 2011. The structure had an adjusted basis of $150,000 and a FMV of $160,000 before the fire. Jim received insurance reimbursement of $120,000 for the destruction of the home. Jim's adjusted gross income was $100,000, before considering this loss. Jim had no casualty gains during the year. What amount of the fire loss was Jim entitled to claim on his tax return? (Ignore furniture etc. inside.) a. $ 30,000 b. $ 19,900 c. $ 4,500 d. $24,900 e. Other B 3. [§111] Juan (who is single, age 30, no dependent) had $1,000 of state income taxes withheld from his salary during 2011. Juan...
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...Masarykova univerzita Ekonomicko-správní fakulta Katedra podnikového hospodářství [pic] Analýza marketingové strategie zahraniční kosmetické firmy působící na českém trhu Exploring Marketing Strategy of the Cosmetic Company Operating in the Czech Market Bakalářská práce Autor: Barbora Vincenecová Brno, listopad 2006 Jméno a příjmení autora: Barbora Vincenecová Název bakalářské práce: Analýza marketingové strategie zahraniční kosmetické firmy působící na českém trhu Název v angličtině: Exploring Marketing Strategy of the Cosmetic Company Operating in the Czech Market Katedra: Katedra podnikového hospodářství Rok obhajoby: 2006 Anotace v češtině Obsahem této práce je analýza marketingové strategie kosmetické firmy Avon, operující na českém trhu. Konkrétně se snaží odpovědět na otázky: jaké metody reklamy Avon praktikuje, jaké nástroje sales promotion používá a jaké typy public relations firma volí k úspěšné komunikaci se zákazníkem. Sběr dat byl uskutečněn na základě rozhovoru s marketingovou ředitelkou společnosti Avon Česká republika. Anotace v angličtině This dissertation investigates the marketing strategy techniques within the cosmetic company operating in the Czech market. It tries to answer following questions: Which methods of advertising does the company use? What types of sales promotion does the organisation apply to attract customers? Which public relation practices does the association utilize to communicate...
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...THE POWER OF HABIT Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd i 10/17/11 12:01 PM Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd ii 10/17/11 12:01 PM HABIT W h y We D o W h a t We D o and How to Change It THE POWER OF CHARLES DUHIGG Random House e N e w Yo r k Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd iii 10/17/11 12:01 PM This is a work of nonfiction. Nonetheless, some names and personal characteristics of individuals or events have been changed in order to disguise identities. Any resulting resemblance to persons living or dead is entirely coincidental and unintentional. Copyright © 2012 by Charles Duhigg All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Random House, an imprint of The Random House Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York. RANDOM HOUSE and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4000-6928-6 eBook ISBN 978-0-679-60385-6 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Illustrations by Anton Ioukhnovets www.atrandom.com 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 First Edition Book design by Liz Cosgrove Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd iv 10/17/11 12:01 PM To Oliver, John Harry, John and Doris, and, everlastingly, to Liz Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd v 10/17/11 12:01 PM Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd vi 10/17/11 12:01 PM CONTENTS PROLOGUE The Habit Cure GGG xi PA R T O N E The Habits of Individuals 1. THE HABIT LOOP How Habits Work 3 31 60 2. THE...
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...For exclusive use IIM Kozhikode - EPGP Kozhikode Campus, 2015 Harvard Business School 9-396-027 Rev. February 29, 1996 Apollo Hospitals of India (A) Dr. Prathap Reddy's office was filled with flowers. The tags conveyed birthday greetings from employees of Apollo Hospitals Madras and former patients, including the vice president of India. Reddy greeted a steady parade of well-wishers and paused to chat warmly by telephone with a former janitor who had called from the United States. Throughout the day, employees greeted “the Chairman” with smiles, hugs, and gifts. Dr. Reddy had founded Apollo Hospitals Madras in 1983 as the first corporate hospital in India. It offered sophisticated treatment in a comprehensive range of medical specialties. Stateof-the-art medical technology, operated by skilled technicians, complemented superior doctors, many of whom had left lucrative jobs in Europe and North America to come to Apollo. Other entrepreneurs had followed Apollo into the market, building several dozen corporate hospitals to compete with Apollo and its government-run forerunners. Since Apollo’s founding, the quality of medical care in India had improved substantially for those who could pay. Despite competition, though, Apollo Hospitals Madras remained a leader in the provision of top-quality medical care and had made a profit for 10 straight years. Reddy had been joined at Apollo by his four daughters, who took prominent roles in the company. Having introduced...
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...276 QUESTIONS TO ASK BEFORE YOU MARRY WORK 1. Are you working on your chosen field? 2. How many hours a week do you work? 3. What does your job entail? (For example, do you often travel for business, work at home, performs dangerous tasks?) 4. What is your dream job? 5. Have you ever been called a workaholic? 6. What is your retirement plan? What do you plan to do when you stop working? 7. Have you ever been fired? 8. Have you ever quit a job suddenly? Have you changed jobs a lot? 9. Do you consider your work a career or just a job? 10. Has your work ever been a factor in the breakup of a relationship? HOME 11. If you could live anywhere in the world, where would it be? 12. Do you prefer urban, suburban, or rural settings? 13. Is it important to have your own private home, or do you prefer apartment or condo living, with a management company responsible for the maintenance? Are you a do-it yourselfer, or would you rather hire professionals? Do you prefer to clean your own home or hire a housekeeper? 14. Do you think of your home as a cocoon, or is your door always open? What do you need to feel energized and inspired in your home? 15. Is quiet important in your home, or do you prefer having music or some background noise most of the time? Is it important to have a TV in the bedroom? Living room? Kitchen? Do you like to sleep with the TV or radio on? 16. How important is it for you to have a space in your home that is yours alone? 17. Have differences about home style ever...
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...PSYCH-205, Abnormal Psychology. PART 1: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE WHAT IS ABNORMAL? * It is behavior, specifically persistent behavior associated with cognitive, emotional, or perceptual distortions that are not socially acceptable, and are potentially dangerous. Many behaviors fit the criteria, but are not considered abnormal. Astronauts for example are not considered to be psychologically abnormal despite engaging in dangerous and persistently deviant behaviors. Legal insanity is different from a clinical diagnosis, although a clinical diagnosis will determine whether or not a person can be judged insane by a court. To define behavior as abnormal, it must meet the following standards. 1. Distressful – It is upsetting for self and others. 2. Dysfunctional – It is maladaptive, inhibits personal goals or ability to function on own. 3. Dangerous – Potentially to self or others. 4. Deviant – Is not tolerated by cultural norms and/or is statistically odd, keeping in mind context of behavior. (Religious practice gets a pass.) 5. *Duration – Behaviors, Affects and/or Cognitions are persistent regardless of circumstance over time. 6. *Detachment – Person holds beliefs or acts in ways that do not correspond to reality. (Religious practice gets a pass.) TYPES OF RESEARCH- One and two apply only to the social sciences, whereas three, four and five apply to both natural and social sciences, with exception to history, which relies solely on case studies and...
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...CHAPTER 5 INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS EXPENSES ------------------------------------------------- DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. All allowable deductions of individual taxpayers are classified as either for adjusted gross income or from adjusted gross income. Why are deductions for adjusted gross income usually more advantageous than deductions from adjusted gross income? Although both types of deductions reduce taxable income, deductions for adjusted gross income are always deductible. Taxpayers who incur allowable deductions from adjusted gross income may not receive the full advantage of the deduction. First, even though an allowable expense may be incurred, if the taxpayer’s total itemized deductions do not exceed the standard deduction amount, then the taxpayer will deduct the standard deduction and receive no benefit from the allowable expenses. Second, many of the deductions are subject to limitations based on the taxpayer’s adjusted gross income. For example, the deduction for medical expenses is reduced by 7 1/2% of the taxpayer’s adjusted gross income. Thus, many of the allowable deductions from adjusted gross income are not deductible in full. In addition, total itemized deductions are subject to a reduction rule when the taxpayer’s adjusted gross income exceeds a specified amount, further lowering the value of such deductions. Lastly, given the reductions based on adjusted gross income, any deductions for adjusted gross income have the effect of making...
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...Americans with Disabilities Act 1990 The American Disabilities Act of 1990 is “one of the farthest-reaching acts concerning the management of human resources.” (Noe) The act extends to the disabled protections against discrimination similar to those provided to individuals on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, and religion by the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The ADA prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, State and local government, public accommodations, commercial facilities, transportation, and telecommunications. People with disabilities represent a talent pool that too often goes under- utilized. ”People with disabilities experience discrimination because of negative attitudes regarding their ability to perform work and because of physical barriers imposed by organizational facilities.” (Bohlander) Barriers placed on them undermine their efforts to get an education, find a job, and become a productive member of society. By breaking down some of these barriers the ADA benefits society by enabling it to take advantage of the skills, talents, and purchasing power of this often under-utilized pool of talent. Discrimination against the disabled was first prohibited in federally funded activities by the Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973. This act required private employers with federal contracts over $2500 to take affirmative action to hire individuals with mental or physical disabilities. However the disabled were not listed among...
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...400 Must-Have Words for the TOEFL® This page intentionally left blank. 400 Must-Have Words for the TOEFL® LYNN STAFFORD-YILMAZ LAWRENCE J. ZWIER MCGRAW-HILL New York Chicago San Francisco • Lisbon London • Madrid • Mexico City • Milan • New Delhi San Juan • Seoul • Singapore • Sydney • Toronto • • Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-146707-6 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-144328-2. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at george_hoare@mcgraw-hill.com or (212) 904-4069. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”)...
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