...8. Figure 11.10 shows an undirected graph representing a section of a department store. The vertices indicate where cashiers are located; the edges denote unblocked aisles between cashiers. The department store wants to set up a security system where (plainclothes) guards are placed at certain cashier locations so that each cashier either has a guard at his or her location or is only one aisle away from a cashier who has a guard. What is the smallest number of guards needed? I think {a}→{a,d,e,b},{i}→{i,h,e,j},{g}→{f,c,k,g}, where {x}→{T} is meant that we put a guard at x that covers all elements in T. Now we have to prove that we cant get what we desire with a smaller number of guards. Therefore we take 2 guards, and if not possible with 2 its not with one, as well. To cover the elements in the set {d,e,h} we requires 2 guards from {d,e,h,I,a}. If it is the 2nd case then no guards from this set can cover for instance g, Therefore we would have once again at least 3 guards. 11. Let G be a graph that satisfies the condition in Exercise 10. (a) Must G be loop-free? (b) Could G be a multigraph? (c) If G has n vertices, can we determine how many edges it has? Eliminating an edge from the loop will still lead to a connected graph, therefore it is a necessity. It cant be since eliminating from a vertex with degree more than 1 will still result in a connected graph. It can be verified that these sorts of graphs are tress, therefore the number of...
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...Chapter 11: Sec 11.1 /3 Sec 11.1 /6 6. If a, b are distinct vertices in a connected undirected graph G, the distance from a to b is defined to be the length of a shortest path from a to b (when a =b the distance is defined to be 0). For the graph in Fig. 11.9, find the distances from d to (each of) the other vertices in G. Sec 11.1 /8 Figure 11.10 shows an undirected graph representing a section of a department store. The vertices indicate where cashiers are located; the edges denote unblocked aisles between cashiers. The department store wants to set up a security system where (plainclothes) guards are placed at certain cashier locations so that each cashier either has a guard at his or her location or is only one aisle away from a cashier who has a guard. What is the smallest number of guards needed? a b c Sec 11.1 /11 10. Give an example of a connected graph G where removing any edge of G results in a disconnected graph. 11. Let G be a graph that satisfies the condition in Exercise 10. (a) Must G be loop-free? (b) Could G be a multigraph? (c) If G has n vertices, can we determine how many edges it has? Sec 11.1 /15 15. For the undirected graph in Fig. 11.12, find and solve a recurrence relation for the number of closed v-v walks of length n ≥ 1, if we allow such a walk, in this case, to contain or consist of one or more loops. Sec 11.1 /16 16. Unit-Interval Graphs. For n ≥ 1, we start with n closed intervals of unit length...
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...Database Concepts Name Institution Date Database Concepts Database is essential in an organization for the management of records and other important office work in the organization. I would stick with the current database management software in my current career for future tasks unless there is a good version for comprehensive data management. The database should have a friendly user interface to facilitate quality data management by all employees in the organization. This database has a list of features that range from the client/server architecture, speed, triggers, foreign key constraints to platform independence that work harmoniously in creating a good relational database for an organization. On the database, the field will act as the smallest unit of data input (Zawodny, & Balling, 2004). It allows the user to write numerical or alphabetical characters for data management. The field is related to a record because they combine to create meaningless data that can be manipulated for meaningful information. A table will contain several records, which will then form the whole database of information for the organization. Managing data in Access is better than using Spreadsheets because of several reasons. Access is a true database and contains several features that guarantee data security over Spreadsheets. Spreadsheets only allow users to perform automated calculations on data than can be handled by a single user at a time. Access is essential in data filtration...
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...Microsoft Access Tutorial - FunctionX - Introduction - Creating A Database - Tables Design - Introduction To Microsoft Access Objects - Controlling The User's Input - Relationships - Subdatasheets - Forms Design Overview - Exploring And Analyzing Data - Query Design And Exploration - Forms Properties - Calculated Fields - Advanced Queries - Exploring Forms Controls - Designing And Improving A Report - Importing From And Exporting Data To Other Applications - Macros - Switchboard - Introduction to VBA - Shortcuts - A Complete Database Created With The Keyboard - Introduction To A Microsoft Access Database 1 - Introduction: A database is a collection of information organized as to make it easy to view it, search it, retrieve the right detail, and collect the necessary facts in an easier, timely, and effortless manner as possible. 2 - Relational Database: http://www.functionx.com/access/print.htm (1 of 95) [2000/11/04 09:42:31 AM] Microsoft Access Tutorial - FunctionX An organized database is composed of inter-related parts. Since you define these parts, you also organize them in a manner that helps some parts of your database to supply specific information to others. In one part, you would cover one category of data, such as people's personal information (name, date of birth, salary, hobbies, etc), in another you would cover what they buy in a store. 3 - Microsoft Access: Microsoft Access is a relational database used on desktop computers to manage...
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...Subject: Migrating from Microsoft Excel to Microsoft Access Thank you for taking the time in this manner. As the head tutor/assistant manager at Shamrock Tutoring, I have noticed various ways and tools we can utilize in order to increase productivity and efficiency in some of the ways we process information. Currently we are using Microsoft Excel as our knowledge database. This program has proved useful and effective for quite some time. We use Excel to schedule appointments, store clients various information, keep track of tutor hours, marketing, sales, and advertising. I believe our database has outgrown this system and it is getting too difficult to search, access, and store information. There is a better way. Microsoft Access is a much better tool to handle the different forms of information we use at the workplace. While Excel is a great program for storing numerical values and creating lists, Access is a better tool for textual information along with numerical data. With Microsoft Access, we can import our whole database from Excel. We can then create various forms to input new information such as new customer information, new tutor information, and schedule changes to name a few. Searching for information would become more efficient through the use of queries and filters to find exactly what the user is looking for at the time. Updating invoices and developing templates for various other forms would become more productive. I understand changing systems may...
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...資料庫系統概論 第一章 問題回顧 1.1 請定義下列的術語：資料、資料庫、DBMS、資料庫系統、資料庫目錄、程 式資料獨立、使用者景觀 、DBA、終端使用者、固定交易、演繹資料庫系統、 永久物件、中繼資料、交易處理應用程式。 資料：已經紀錄的事實。 資料庫：一群相關資料的集合。 DBMS：一種能讓使用者有能力去建立與維護資料庫的程式所組成的集合。 資料庫系統：電腦化的資料儲存系統包含資料庫與資料庫管理系統軟體。 程式資料獨立：在 DBMS 目錄裡，資料檔案的結構和存取程式是分開的。 使用者視界：資料庫的子集合或是由資料庫檔案所衍生出來的虛擬資料。 DBA：負責管理資料庫以及 DBMS 與其他相關軟體。 終端使用者：使用資料庫來查詢、更新以及產生報表的使用者。 固定交易：查詢與更新已經經過嚴謹程式化和測試過的資料庫。 演繹資料庫系統：提供定義演繹規則的能力，能從已儲存的資料庫事實中推論出新資訊。 永久物件：程式語言的複雜物件可以永久儲存在物件導向的 DBMS 中。 中繼資料：儲存在目錄裡的資訊，描述主要資料庫的結構。 交易處理應用程式：執行一個牽涉資料庫存取的程式或一個處理動作，確保一個或是多個交易能 夠與其他交易隔離，不互相影響。 1.2 何謂資料庫所包含的四種主要動作？試簡略討論。 定義資料庫是指定哪些要儲存在資料庫裡面的資料其資料型態、結構與限制。 建構資料庫則是指將資料本身儲存到 DBMS 控制下的儲存媒體的過程。 處理資料庫包括為了擷取特定資料而查詢資料庫、為了反應迷你世界的改變而更新資料庫，以及 由資料產生報表等諸如此類的功能。 共享資料庫則是指允許多個使用者與程式同時存取資料庫。 1.4 DBA 與資料庫設計師的責任為何？ DBA：負責授權存取資料庫、協調及監督資料庫的使用，以及取得所需的軟硬體資源。 資料庫設計師 與所有使用資料庫的使用者溝通 設計符合他們的資料與處理需求的資料庫視界 ： ， ， 再把所有的視界分析與整合。 1.5 資料庫終端使用者有哪些類型？請說明每個人的主要活動。 偶而使用的終端使用者：使用經過設計的資料庫查詢語言來指定他門的需求。 初學或固定模式的終端使用者：固定交易。 熟練的終端使用者：設計滿足他們繁雜需求的應用程式。 單機使用者：使用一種圖形化介面而容易使用的現成套裝軟體，來維護個人的資料庫。 1.6 請說明 DBMS 應該提供的功能。 控制重複性 限制未授權的存取 提供程式物件永久的儲存空間 提供有效查詢處理的儲存結構、 、 、 、 提供備份與回復、提供多重使用者介面、表示資料之間的複雜關係、實施完整性限制、允許使用 規則來進行推理與主動性。 習題 1.1 請指出你可能應用到圖 1.2 資料庫上的一些簡單的查詢與更新動作。 查詢：取得 Smith 的成績單。 更新：輸入 Smith 的成績為 A。 1.2 受控制的重複性與未控制的重複性之間有何不同？請舉例說明。 受控制的重複性改善查詢效能，並防止檔案間的不一致， 未受控制的重複性會因為錯誤的輸入導致檔案資料不一致 在 GRADE_REPORT 檔案中重複儲存 Student_Name 和 Course_number， 受控制的重複性如下 Student_ number 17 17 8 8 8 8 Student_Name Smith Smith Brown Brown Brown Brown Section_identifier 112 119 86 92 102 135 Course_number...
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...International Journal of Computer Science and Business Informatics IJCSBI.ORG An Efficient Connection between Statistical Software and Database Management System Sunghae Jun Department of Statistics, Cheongju University Chungbuk 360-764 Korea ABSTRACT In big data era, we need to manipulate and analyze the big data. For the first step of big data manipulation, we can consider traditional database management system. To discover novel knowledge from the big data environment, we should analyze the big data. Many statistical methods have been applied to big data analysis, and most works of statistical analysis are dependent on diverse statistical software such as SAS, SPSS, or R project. In addition, a considerable portion of big data is stored in diverse database systems. But, the data types of general statistical software are different from the database systems such as Oracle, or MySQL. So, many approaches to connect statistical software to database management system (DBMS) were introduced. In this paper, we study on an efficient connection between the statistical software and DBMS. To show our performance, we carry out a case study using real application. Keywords Statistical software, Database management system, Big data analysis, Database connection, MySQL, R project. 1. INTRODUCTION Every day, huge data are created from diverse fields, and stored in computer systems. These big data are extremely large and complex [1]. So, it is very difficult...
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...| Week 4 Assignment 4Kristi OrdIntroduction to Database Management SystemsProfessor Cheryl MayberryJuly 24, 2012 | | | | | | A simple database is often a lot better for managing your data than a flat file system such as Microsoft Excel or Works. Microsoft Access is the ideal solution for most small to medium businesses to manage their data. Beyond Access there is Microsoft SQL Server for larger enterprise data applications. There are many advantages of using a database management system. A user interface can be designed with built in reports and queries to make use of the system more intuitive and easier to learn. The data is available to multiple users simultaneously for adding, editing and updating. Databases are a lot more efficient when dealing with large amounts of data particularly if the data is relational. Data quality and integrity can be maintained through constraints and relationships reducing errors and duplication. Your data is highly available and can easily be queried and analyzed to gain better understanding of your business and customers. Access will export tables and queries to a multitude of formats should you want to work with your data in Excel or similar. ODBC databases such as Access are easier to integrate and link in with other data systems to allow cross system reporting and querying. Access databases can be scaled fairly easily to larger database solutions such as Microsoft SQL server if your data needs grow. The flat file design...
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...Michael Cooper 9/11/15 Role in the Database Environment A database management system is the software system that allows users to define, create and maintain a database and provides controlled access to the data. A Database Management System (DBMS) is basically a collection of programs that enables users to store, modify, and extract information from a database as per the requirements. DBMS is an intermediate layer between programs and the data. Programs access the DBMS, which then accesses the data. There are different types of DBMS ranging from small systems that run on personal computers to huge systems that run on mainframes. There are a lot of database software manufacturers out there and a wide range of prices, sizes, speeds and functionalities. At the lower end of the scale are personal database software products like Microsoft Access, which is designed to be used by individuals or small companies relatively little data. User friendliness and ease of use are the priority rather than speed and scalability (in other words, it works well when you have 100 records but not when you have 100,000). At the higher end are full-fledged enterprise solutions, such as Oracle Enterprise Edition. These database software products can handle millions of data entries and are fast and efficient. They have ·many optimization and performance tools and generally require a Database Administrator (DBA) to look after them. Products in this range can also be very expensive. In file system, each...
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...CHAPTER 1 ASSIGNMENT 1. Part A a. Automatic information processing was introduced by James Power whose company later became known as IBM b. The emergence of reusable data opened up the horizons for database management systems. c. Data provides a competitive advantage for businesses of all shapes and sizes. Part B a. Backup and recovery technology allows database managers to sleep in peace knowing their data is safe. b. Data Security protects consumers from data theft. c. Data privacy is very important. Hospital employees, for example, are only allowed access to certain parts of the EMR system which holds patient data. 2. 1986 – When my world began… IBM becomes the first company to use a one megabit chip in the IBM 3090 1991 – The first web site was built at CERN labs and put online August 6th 1992 – Microsoft Access was released 1995 – MySQL’s initial release 1998 – Google began 2004 – Emergence of Web 2.0 2007 – Amazon releases the Kindle fostering a huge database of electronic books 2013 – MySQL is the second most widely used database management system 2015 – I take Database Management class with Mr. Ted Lee! 3. Here at the Show Me The Money Bank of Tennessee, our database systems allows us to send birthday greetings, send Congratulations to new graduates and newlyweds, reward long time clients, and off the most competitive interest rates on cars, houses, boats, etc. 4. Early data management was very time consuming. The examples of the seven years it took...
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...Assignment 8: Distributed Databases The reason for writing this paper is to clarify the importance of distributed database and why national chain restaurant should implement it. Given the situation presented in the assignment a small restaurant has grown to become a national restaurant chain and now they are concerning more on the distribution of data among different sites chains. For this approach distributed database architecture is suggested and reasons to implement the distributed database I will explain throughout the rest of this paper. The three reasons why an organization may have a need for distributed databases and best practices for implementation of distributed database would be that it provides the distributed transaction management. It provides the provision to do the distributed transactions like select, update and delete on the data without worrying about concurrency or locking problems and they distributed database are independent of given hardware. Today’s world involves a diversity of different machines like Sun machines, PCs, IBM machines, HP machines, and workstations of various kinds. In distributed DBMS all these machines are able to incorporate the data on all of those systems. The plan is to be able to run the same DBMS on a different hardware platform. Operating system independence distribute DBMS is independent of the underlying operating system like UNIX, Linux, Sun Solaris or Windows. All the databases in this model are compatible with different...
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...information in the form of tables that are similar to worksheets but are designed for gathering large and various types of data that is stored in other tables and locations, and even in fields in other tables. The practice of creating a group within a group and then performing calculations are far more difficult using Microsoft Excel. In addition, “professional developers have found that Microsoft Office Access can save time and meet business requirements for many applications.” (Microsoft Corporation, 2006) With Microsoft Access, someone can integrate tables, forms, queries to their database from other Access databases. Microsoft SQL (Structured Query Language) Server databases, Windows SharePoint Services sites, ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) data sources, Excel, and other data sources all have the capability to work with Access. (Microsoft Corporation, 2006) Due to the large range of information that can be collected using Microsoft Access, this can make creating reports, sharing with co-workers and time management easier and more effective. Databases are good for finding connections in data. “Microsoft Office Access can play a useful role in meeting a wide range of data-tracking requirements.” (Microsoft Corporation, 2006) Microsoft Office Access gives the user an extremely “powerful data editing capabilities” (Smothers, 2009) that can be well-maintained for future uses. References Microsoft Corporation. (2006, June). Microsoft Office Access. Retrieved from...
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...Efficiency and Collaboration Proposal Microsoft Excel has been used for many years by Party Plates to store and compile specific personnel data, but it does limit us when it comes to create a relation between the stored data. In reality, Excel is not a database, and its practicality is somewhat limited since Excel is a “flat file database” which means that the data inputted is stored in a single file in the form of rows and columns. There are no relationships or links between records and fields in Excel except for the table structure (Chung, 2013). This is when Access becomes an interesting tool for Party Plates to convert our current data stored in Excel into a relational database. A relational database is able to use data stored in different tables and relate them together in order to easily find specific information. Access also has the advantage of sorting data based on any field and would easily allow Party Plates to generate reports that contain only specific fields from each table. Once we transfer our data to Access, we would be able to add more tables and link them, create queries, share and update between authorized users in the company, and create extensive reports and forms. Microsoft’s Access is a database management tool that stores large volumes of information together. It has many benefits for the work environment. One benefit is that it is user friendly and training does not take an extensive amount of time. It allows you to sort, analyze, summarize and...
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...Efficiency & Collaboration Proposal Converting from Microsoft Excel to Microsoft Access would be very beneficial as with Party Plates Company it is great for data management. As they both preform similar functions they still offer different things in the program. Access works both independently and interdependently allowing users to combine data and information from several sources. As access is a data management system it is used best with storing large amounts of data. This will help the party plates company as it can hold information such as: item numbers, quantity, description, and etc. This function is great for a business rather than Excel utilizing tables, as this program is more for calculations and functions in a spreadsheet style. When using Excel it is mainly numerical, non-relational, and used with calculations. If you wanted to share your spreadsheet to a different coworker then it may be more of a hassle if they do not have the same version of Excel as you. Access allows the company to group different thing in access better like colors of plates, size of plates, what customer orders what and their information. As for collaboration software, if the company is already using Microsoft, one might really like using Lync. It can be used an instant message function, as well as share your screen, share documents, video chat, and take notes. All that has to done is be logged in to the account and Lync can automatically load, and connect companies to other companies. Plus...
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...ARPAN SADHUKHAN |81,BIJOY KRISHNA GOSWAMI ROAD, DUCKGHAR PARA,P.O-SANTIPUR, DIST.-NADIA, WEST BENGAL. Cell No.: +91 9681479676 E-Mail: arpan2k6@gmail.com/ arpan_sadhukhan@yahoo.com | | Young and dynamic engineering student of Information Technology seeking an opportunity to deliver the subject in specific areas acquired by virtue of my education and project experience where my knowledge in this field would add value to operation. technical skills key software skills: |♦ Languages : |C, Core JAVA and Basic knowledge of J2EE. | |♦ Subjects of interest : |DBMS, SQL, and MYSQL. | | | | | | | Core Competency • Smart Worker • Ability to work and perform in groups, believe in team work for achieving success, possess highly positive attitude • Leadership qualities with capability of motivating peers • Quick learner, adaptability to technology • Capable of producing high quality output, while on a project, maintaining schedules Work Experience | Industrial Training |Training and project on Web based application ...
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