...Similar to a looking glass, Bosch’s Garden of Earthly delights shows an alternate way of life. Considering the fact that the painting was not intended for religious purposes, this was a type of painting to be displayed in a home domestically. The painting is a triptych, because there are three panels. The left panel shows the Garden of Eden, the right panel shows Hell, and the central panel shows an image of Earth. Bosch’s Garden of Earthly delights shows the Renaissance’s three recurring themes of individualism, naturalism, and humanism. First, the triptych shows individualism by displaying detailed pictures where each person has their own set of physical features. The people also display their own selfish act of sin. Although each person shows an act of sin, this painting is described as a world without sin. Another important detail of individualism that is represented in the triptych, is Adam and Eve are similar in height to God as opposed to the rest of the people, which shows how important Adam and Eve are to the human race....
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...The Sixteenth century artist were creating imaginative pieces that focus on human ideals. The North Renaissance and the Southern one did this in different ways. One piece in the north, Garden of Earthly Delights (Open) (1505-1515) by Hieronymus Bosch focus on “the natural state of human sinfulness” (Stokstad 699). This painting shows ideals because “The owl symbolizes both wisdom and folly. Folly had become an important concept to the northern European humanists…” (Stokstad 699). The south focus on philosophy. The School of Anthems (1510-1511) by Raphael shows an interpretation of Plato and Aristotle discussing philosophy. “Plato points upward…Aristotle gestures toward his surroundings…” (Stokstad 642). Aristotle focusing on the current the...
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...A formal analysis of an artwork is taking the artwork at its face value. It is not taking any outside information to make an analysis of a piece of artwork. Using outside information to gain more knowledge an understanding of the artwork is called contextual analysis. In Hieronymus Bosch’s Garden of Earthly Delights, a formal analysis will include color and repetition of this work. A contextual analysis will also be given. The color that dominates Bosch’s work is green, a secondary color. The other prominent colors in this work are a red, orange, and blue. Red and blue are complementary colors, which are more appealing to the eye. The human figures have a white value to them. This value gives the impression of purity and holiness. The left and middle panels are depicting the humans with a...
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...forerunner of the Surrealists. However, while the Surrealists played in the realms of dreams and the unconscious, Bosch was steeped in the religiosity of his age and the worlds he conjured up demonstrated what were believed to be the very real, and sobering, consequences of earthly behavior. The life of Bosch is an intriguing mystery – little is known of his early life, or where he studied in painting and arts. He wrote little in the form of letters and had no diaries accompanying his work – in fact all we know of him is either through his paintings, or through brief references to him through other people’s writing – we don’t even know for certain when he was born. Part of the Early Renaissance, Bosch lived all of his life in the Netherlands, and is known to have come from a family of artists and painters, though none of their works can be found today. But the mystery isn’t all that makes him so interesting – his art is a marvel to behold, and in my opinion his work is the most detailed and interesting I’ve ever seen. He was fond of triptychs, a series of paintings that slotted in beside each other to create a combined scene, the most famous of which is The Garden of Earthly Delights, which shows the garden of Eden along with Adam and Eve in the first panel, Paradise and the creatures and animals that inhabit it in the middle, and Hell and its sinner in the last. When the outer panels are closed they show God created the Earth. A lot of contrasting meanings and interpretations...
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...In 1495 Jan Van Eyck became the first Flanders painter to receive international fame. He was the court painter of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy. Jan Van Eyck completed “The Ghent”, one of the largest retable’s of the 15th century. His brother Hubert Van Eyck originally began work on it. Phillip the Good and his wife, Isabel Borlout commissioned this retable as a centerfold that diplomat retainer Jodocous Vyd built. It was dedicated to John the Baptist. Judicious Vyd political and social connections to the Ghent aided in him being appointed chief magistrate of Ghent. The altarpiece in its entirety expresses the Christian principal of salvation. In the oil painting of “Arnolfini and His Bride” Jan Van Eyck depicts a secular painting with religious undertones. The purpose of this painting was to record an sanctify Arnolfini‘s marriage. This retable included gold manuscript. Some scholars believe he was bestowing on his wife permission to conduct business matters in his absence .Rogier Van er Weyden became renowned for his biblical inspired paintings that stressed human action and drama. When Weyden was commissioned by the archer’s guild of Louvain for the church of Notre Dame he created “The Deposition” a center panel of a triptych. The painting resembles a relief carving and depicts Jesus after the crucifixion surrounded by key biblical figures. This oil on wood painting evokes strong emotion in the viewer and regarded as one of the most authentic religious paintings of the...
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...Introduction Although Samuel Taylor Coleridge is one of the major literary figures of the Romantic movement in England, as a poet his reputation stands on primarily just three works, " The Rime of the Ancient Mariner," "," and "Kubla Khan." All three were written between 1797 and 1800; however, was not published until 1816. At that time, Coleridge subtitled it "A Vision in a Dream: A Fragment," and added a prefatory note explaining the unusual origin of the poem. This preface describes how Coleridge, after taking some opium as medication, grew drowsy while reading a passage about the court of Kubla Khan in Samuel Purchas's , a seventeenth-century travel book recounting the adventures of early explorers. Soon he fell into a deep sleep which lasted about three hours. During this period, he composed from 200 to 300 lines of poetry based on the vivid images in his dream. When he woke, he remembered the entire poem and immediately began to write it down. Unfortunately, however, a visitor interrupted him, distracting him for about an hour. When Coleridge returned to his writing, the vivid images had fled, leaving him with only vague recollections and the fifty-four lines of this poetic fragment. Many critics challenge the truthfulness of Coleridge's version of this story, feeling that the poem is complete as it stands and much too carefully crafted to be solely the result of a dream. However, whether whole or fragment, dream or not, the poem examines issues of vital importance to...
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...comparing quotes from the bible’s Song of Songs and Paul Monette’s Gardenias to show how nature has always been an important part of places for love. Starting with Song of Songs, it is said to have been written by King Solomon himself but it is also believed to be a compilation of Arabic wasfs that were translated into Hebrew. It was first published in English in 1611 in the King James Version of the Bible. The idea of love being heterosexual is represented very clearly and the concept of nature plays a huge part in this love story. There are so many references to fruits and plants and a clear distinction of man and woman. “As the apple tree among the trees of the wood, so is my beloved among the sons. I sat down under his shadow with great delight, and his fruit was sweet to my taste.” (Song of Sol. 2:3) In this quote the woman is comparing her place under her beloved with sitting under an apple tree. She’s connecting her feelings she has being with her love to the joy of being under an...
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...services to others is a way to glorify God in the fact that it benefits other human beings in ways that they are unable to produce or do something themselves. Before the first sin and the fall of creation God had intended for man to work in the garden of Eden (Genesis 2:15). For many people the word work or service carries a negative connotation, because it involves completing an undesirable task or exerting gratuitous energy. God’s intention for work is just the opposite of that negative connotation. In fact, as the author of Ecclesiastes puts it in 3:13, “…also that everyone should eat and drink and take pleasure in all his toil- this is God’s gift to man.” Not only did God intend work or providing services to be a good thing for humans to do, but He also created it as a gift for us to glorify Him and care for others. As Grudem says in his book, Business for the Glory of God, God created work and services as a way of imitating Him in creativity and wisdom. The need for the services of others is supported by Ecclesiastes 4: 9. Two are better than one, because they are able to accomplish more by providing services for one another, which the other is unable to complete. Services are a way to glorify God and they are something to take delight in doing, because they glorify the creator. While I do disagree with Grudem that God created humans with a need for material things, I do agree that humans were created with the need for services of other people and to complete services for...
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...“The French word Renaissance, meaning “rebirth,” was first used in the nineteenth century to describe the period from the early fifteenth century to the middle of the next century” (Benton & DiYanni, 2008, p. 307). The Renaissance not only was a time when scholars became more interested in studying ancient scholars and the world around them but it also had an impact on art forms such as paintings, sculptures and architecture. The social roles and similarities during the Italian and Northern European Renaissance are the flourishing of the arts under powerful and wealthy families such as the Medici’s of Florence and in the north Philip the Good as well as many others. In both Northern and Southern Europe there was a strong desire to reconnect with the ancient past of the Greco/Roman world this desire extended beyond just ideals in art but also to philosophy and politics. The artistic endeavors of both the Northern and Southern Renaissance were dominated by their shared Christian faith, we can see examples of this in Jan Van Eyck’s Ghent “Altar Piece” (Benton & DiYanni, 2008, p. 353) at Saint Bavon Cathedral an ingenious polyptych painting which uses multiple panels to depict a religious scene an exciting blend of the Northern inventive spirit of the age and ancient faith. The works of the Italian Renaissance were also dominated by this Christian outlook possibly the most famous piece of art in the world Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel full of religious imagery while also boldly proclaiming...
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...so comfortable in this life of sin, sorrow, tribulation, and shut downs? We assemble ourselves often as scripture says: Hebrews 10:25 “Not forsaking the assembling of ourselves together, as the manner of some is; but exhorting one another: and so much the more, as ye see the day approaching.” And we ask the Lord to keep us which takes us to the request of preservation in the 16th Division of Psalms, verses 1-11. 1 Preserve me O God; for in thee do I put my trust. Preserve is a protection from all hurt, harm, and danger that only The Good Shepherd can do! 2O my soul, thou hast said unto the Lord, Thou art my Lord: my goodness extendeth not to thee: 3But to the saints that are in the earth, and to the excellent, in whom is all my delight. “My goodness extendeth not to thee:” David the psalmist is saying here that there is no meaning to life and no personal happiness without the Lord’s presence. You may think you there’s meaning to life and happiness but there will come a time that you will find a void or emptiness that cannot be fulfilled any other way but by our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. Man has no goodness to extend to God. It’s only God’s goodness that is extended to us, when we as true disciples of Christ decide to follow Him. 4Their sorrows shall be multiplied that hasten after another god: their drink offerings of blood will I not offer, nor take up their names into my lips. False gods are everywhere today. Satan worshippers actually drink blood as part...
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...Christians and Stewardship of Their Environment 1. Introduction Our earthly habitat is not an unexpected occurrence of little worth, but rather, it is one to be highly valued and preserved. The biblical doctrine of creation helps the Christian to understand the true significance of the world in order to deal with the environmental crisis. The Bible says, “For thus saith the Lord that created the heavens; God himself that formed the earth and made it; he hath established it, he created it not in vain, he formed it to be inhabited…” (King James Version, Isaiah 45:18). In Christian teaching, God not only created Heavens and Earth, but expressed His delight in His creation. This creation meant, everything encompassing the trees, the rivers and all kinds of elements that go into preserving the environment (Genesis 1:31). Therefore, the destruction of the environment is against God’s will. The main problem in the stewardship model is the fall of mankind into a state of sin and depravity (Genesis 3). As a result of the fall, we are in rebellion against God. We no longer act as the stewards we ought to be regarding the earth and its resources. Therefore, we tend towards exploitation and abuse. In addition, the earth has been cursed as a result of the fall (Romans 8:20; Genesis 3:17-18). Action Institute expressed it this way; “Nature now produces floods, fires, earthquakes, weeds, and crop destroying insects (“A Biblical Perspective on Environmental Stewardship”). This...
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...^ISDOM OF THE EAST THE PERSIAN MYSTICS JALALU'D-DIN RUM! BY F. HADLAND DAVIS " AUTHOR OF IN THE VALLEY OF STARS " THERE IS A TOWER OP SILENCE "! LONDON STREET JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE 1912 ALL RIGHTS TO A. T. K. THIS LITTLE BOOK OF EASTERN WISDOM IS LOVINGLY INSCRIBED " OUR JOURNEY is TO THE ROSE-GARDEN OF UNION jALA"LU'D-DfN PREFACE to thank Mr. R. A. Nicholson for kind and generous permission to use selections from his Dwani Shamsi Tabriz, and I DESIRE his also his publishers, the Cambridge Press. I am deeply indebted to Mr. E. H. Whinfield for allowing me to use quotations from his rendering I of the Masnavi (Triibner's Oriental Series). also cordially thank Mr. John Hastie for giving permission to quote a few passages from the " " Festival of Spring late Rev. Professor Hastie's (James Maclehose and Sons, Glasgow). The poems quoted from this volume are entitled : "Thy Rose," "I saw the Winter weaving," " " Love sounds the Music of the Spheres," The " The Beloved All in Souls Love-moved," and All the other translations from the lyrical All." poetry of Jalalu'd-Din Rumi are by Mr. R. A. me Nicholson. To these gentlemen, 7 and to those 8 I have left PREFACE unnamed, I tender my warmest thanks my for their help, sympathy, and interest in " attempt to popularise the wisest of the Persian Stiffs." F. LONDON, January 22, 1907. HADLANB DAVIS. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...
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...The Renaissance is an art movement that commonly refers to a corresponding historical time period falling in between the 14th and the 17th centuries. It began in the part of Europe which is now known as Italy, during a time when the area was organized into city-states and other political territories formed in the few centuries following the fall of the Roman Republic. This region was a large center of trade and thus, there was much wealth to draw many artists and scholars. However, there was a shift from the scholasticism of earlier mediaeval times to largely focusing on the humanities. There was also an emphasis on realism, attempting to remain as objective as possible when interpreting various works; drawing from studies in form, line, lighting, and the human figure based in Greek and Roman times. Eventually, in the last couple centuries of the period, the influences had spread across Europe partially due to the invention of the printing press. Several examples of Renaissance era artists are Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Hieronymus Bosch.Surrealism is an art movement that officially started in 1924 with the publication of Le Manifeste du Surréalisme (The Surrealist Manifesto), written by André Breton. Surrealism is believed to have been formed as a reaction to the earlier Dadaism art movement, which aimed to be an anti-art protest of the horrors brought about from World War I. Focusing on the more positive side of that protest/revolutionary process, the surrealists sought...
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...CHAPTER 15 – Northern Europe, 1400 to 1500 The art of Northern Europe in the 15th century is typified by precision in rendering surfaces and a wealth of tiny details that came from a tradition of manuscript painting and a belief in the importance of every tiny creation of God's world. The technical development of oil paint provided a paint that dried slowly and was transparent so made possible rich, jewel-like colors and illusionistic textures through a build-up of layers of paint. Works to identify and know in depth: Artist Title Date Jan van Eyck Arnolfini Double Portrait 1400s (15-1) This painting is believed to be a portrait of the Italian merchant Giovanni Arnolfini and his wife, presumably in their home in the Flemish city of Bruges. It is considered one of the most original and complex paintings in Western art history. Both signed and dated by Van Eyck in 1434, it is, with the Ghent Altarpiece by the same artist and his brother Hubert, the oldest very famous panel painting to have been executed in oils rather than in tempera. The painting was bought by the National Gallery in London in 1842. Claus Sluter Well of Moses 1400s (15-2) The work was executed for Philip’s son, John the Fearless (1371-1419), in a style combining the elegance of International Gothic with a northern realism, but with a monumental quality unusual in either. It was carved from stone quarried in Asnières, France and consisted of a large crucifixion...
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...their contextual paradigms, demonstrating it through the apotheosis of human power, where both leaders’ ‘demi-god-like’ status produces an opaque view of reality and excess materialism. It is also revealed through a distorted sense of panopticism, where heavy paranoia results in an extreme form of vigilance and surveillance. In Metropolis, Lang’s perspective challenges our faith in humanity, exploring how tyrannical, unrestricted leadership can result in a selfish ‘demi-god-like’ figure, and excess materialism and wealth. The city of Metropolis presents an evocative parallel to the German Weimar Republic’s ‘goldene zwanziger’ (Golden Twenties), which is represented through the hedonistic lifestyle of the upper class, with the ‘Garden of Earthly Delights’ and the ‘Yoshiwara Club.’ As symbols of moral recklessness, pleasure and decadence, this is further juxtaposed with the subjugated lower class, the luxury in which Joh Frederson, the creator of the city, lives in, coming at the expense of the lives of the proletariats. The apotheosis of human power is further depicted through the mise-en-scène of Frederson’s ‘Tower of Babel,’ in which high-angle shots signify opulence and affluence, Gottfried Huppertz’s score becoming evocative and confronting through the use of lower notes and forte. This further establishes Frederson as a capitalist demigod figure, towering above the city, portraying his hubris and excess materialism. Heavy Christian undertones represent Germany’s strong Protestant...
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