...HYBRID CAR ABSTRACT When most people are perfectly happy with their gasoline-powered cars. The reason is twofold: to reduce tailpipe emissions and to improve mileage. The current standards require that the average mileage of all the new cars sold by an automaker should be 27.5 mpg (8.55 liters per 100 km). This means that if an automaker sells one hybrid car that gets 60 mpg (3.92 liters per 100 km), it can then sell four big, expensive luxury cars that only get 20 mpg (11.76 liters per 100 km)! when a car pulled up to the gas pump lately and been shocked by the high price of gasoline? As the pump clicked past $20 or $30, maybe you thought about trading in car for something that gets better mileage. Or maybe worried that the car is contributing to the greenhouse effect. The auto industry has the technology to address these concerns. It's the hybrid car. You're probably aware of hybrid. Any vehicle is a hybrid when it combines two or more sources of power. This is an improvement over the electric car, which uses gasoline engine along with electric motor powered by batteries. In the series system of the hybrid car engine driven generator is employed to recharge the batteries while the electric motor drives the car. Where as in parallel system the heat engine is directly connected to the electric motor. The key to a hybrid car is that the gasoline engine can be much smaller than the one in a conventional car and therefore more efficient. INTRODUCTION ...
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...Applied Research Paper: Superior Rentals Learning Team B Comm/215 July 14, 2014 Linda Camp Applied Research Paper: Superior Rentals As the business world looks to the future, they are leaning toward a more modern approach. Businesses are going "green" and using recyclable products in their industries. Being an environmentally aware company helps to promote a business, cut costs, and, most importantly, keeps our earth healthy. There are many reasons for a business to become more environmentally responsible. A healthier workplace, positive public response, reduced waste, and legal and tax advantages (Lorette, 2014) are just a few reasons Superior Rentals, Inc. should "go green.” Environmental responsibility begins with research and continues with the implementation of new methods and ideologies to promote a "green" company and a better world. The proposed methods, contained herein, are financially responsible, and relatively simple to incorporate into Superior Rentals, Inc.'s business plan. When businesses “go green,” the impact on the environment is substantial. Superior Rentals, Inc. can positively affect its local market and the world with environmentally sound practices. Alternatives and Discussion Research indicates the following alternatives for Superior Rentals, Inc., and includes discussion of the effectiveness of each alternative. Using Tablets/Going Paperless Using a tablet in place of a cash register has many benefits. Tablets...
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...Written by: swiss_2415 Hybrid Vehicles 1 Hybrid Vehicles: (Effects on the environment) Arthur Gil Environmental Investigations Professor April 4,2005 Hybrid Vehicles 2 As gasoline prices increase and the environment becomes unstable, people will begin to look for other modes to power their automobiles. One of those modes is know as hybrid power. A vehicle is considered a hybrid when it combines two or more sources of power. For example, a mo-ped (a motorized pedal bike) is a type of hybrid because it combines the power of a gasoline engines with the pedal power of the rider. Hybrid vehicles are an alternative being used to decrease the emissions of vehicles and to decrease the amount of fossil fuels being used. Hybrid vehicles also cost less to operate because of the decreased fuel usage. The gasoline-electric hybrid car is a cross between a gasoline-powered car and an electric car. Hybrid vehicles are all around us. Most of the locomotives we see pulling trains are diesel-electric hybrids. According too How Cars Work, Cities like Seattle have diesel-electric buses these can draw electric power from overhead wires or run on diesel when they are away from the wires. There are two kinds of hybrids. The parallel hybrid has a fuel tank which supplies gasoline to the engine. But it also has a set of batteries that supplies power to an electric motor. Both the engine and the electric motor can turn the transmission at the same time, and the transmission then turns the wheels...
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...Ruby Rodriguez April 17, 2012 Com/170 Gasoline-Powered Vehicles vs. Hybrid-Electric Vehicles In today's fast paced modern world it would seem the only economical decision is to choose a hybrid. Gasoline is becoming twice as expensive, while electric power remains the same. Although standard gasoline vehicles do not get as many Miles per Gallon (MPG) as a hybrid does, there are a variety of ways to increase the miles per gallon. Using electrical resources may simply be the best solution to our gas problem. Hybrid vehicles have made much of a progress from the time they were invented. No longer do they need to be plugged in every night to charge their batteries. Hybrid vehicles have Intergraded Motor Assist Systems that pair electric motors with the gasoline engine. While gasoline vehicles are still more convenient to repair, hybrid vehicles are becoming just as reliable. Hybrid vehicles are still more expensive to purchase but the long term investment will pay for itself. Both gas and electrical powered vehicles have benefits and troubles. The choice comes down to personal preference. Gasoline-Powered Vehicles The history of the automobile dates back to the 15th century when Leonardo Da Vinci was creating designs and models for transport vehicles. In 1885-1886, an inventor named Karl Friedrich Benz a German engineer who invented the first automobile (car) called (DRP 37435), this vehicle came with petroleum driven and internal combustion...
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...Gas Guzzlers and Solid Solutions Envision driving down the street in a luxury car. This car is the top of the line, most expensive, and most desired car in the United States. It has a 429 hp twin turbo v-8 ignition, seven speed automatic transmission, and 4-wheel Electronic Traction System. The interior offers an auto navigation system with enhanced voice control, eleven 600 watt speakers, eight inch widescreen DVD player, individual cup holders (with warming and cooling units), seat heaters, and any other accessories imaginable. Above all the most appealing thing about the car continues to be its exterior: the sleek, vibrant hue of your favorite color painted across the cars frame, accented by nice classic rims allow all to be spellbound with zealous adoration. This vehicle is the most esteemed possession and was well earned through hard work and dedication. The issue now becomes the price of gas for the car. When compared to non- hybrid cars, hybrid cars should be made mandatory in order to have a long-term supply of transportation fuel that is secure, clean, and in expensive as possible. Oil is the result of plant and animal remains layered beneath impermeable rock for millions of years. Petroleum has been around for more than a century. Since the discovery of oil, by Edwin Drake in 1859, financial and ecological disadvantages have been an issue. Gasoline and diesel powered vehicles emit greenhouse gases. These gases are made mostly of carbon dioxide and contribute to global...
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...3/17/2011 Efficiency of Hybrid cars Have you been to the gas station lately? Have you been shocked with the high fuel prices? When the price went beyond $40 or higher you must have thought for a second to trade in your SUV for a car with a better gas mileage, or you even might have thought about global warming. The car industry has found a technology that has an answer for these questions. The answer is the hybrid car. Most of the big car manufacturers have a hybrid model on the market. You might have heard about some or even seen some driving down the street already. Hybrid cars work differently than other cars, they are made differently than other cars, they perform differently than other cars and they are more efficient than other cars. How does a hybrid car work? What is it that a hybrid car is so much more efficient than a normal car, and is it really better for the environment because the gas mileage is so much better? In this essay I want to explain how this amazing technology called hybrid car works. What makes a car a hybrid car? Every vehicle is a hybrid when it uses two or more energy sources. In fact, a lot of people have owned or still own a hybrid. For example, an electronic bike is a hybrid because it combines the power of an engine with the force that comes from people using the pedals. Hybrid vehicles are everywhere around us. A lot of diesel locomotives pulling trains are diesel-electric hybrids. In cities like Seattle, they use diesel-electric busses. These busses...
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...Research Paper on Hybrid Cars The cars we use all over the world are detrimental to our Earth’s environment. In the United States, air quality often fails to meet federal standards. Air pollution, water pollution, global warming, and ozone depletion are some of the problems we face each day that reflect the consequences of our actions. The cars we drive emit exhaust gas, whose harmful elements cause acid rain and global warming. As a result of growing environmental concerns, the US government has been trying to resolve these problems. One such solution is the Hybrid car, which can save resources by giving off less emission. However, among the many benefits of Hybrid cars, there are also some drawbacks as well. Hybrids still exhaust some emissions, and their large batteries require frequent replacement. Now, fortunately, many companies are thinking of ways to improve Hybrid cars because if we don‘t stop driving gasoline powered vehicles, the earth’s resources will be destroyed. Driving a car is the worst pollutant. Despite attempts to make engines more fuel efficient and the increase in antipollution devices, emissions from passenger vehicles are increasing in Canada and the US. The main cause of this problem is that cars are getting bigger and consumers are driving pick-up trucks and sports vehicles instead of smaller, lighter passenger vehicles. The average new car in 2001 consumed more fuel than the average car in 1988. In 1987 cars averaged 25.9 miles to the gallon in the...
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...Tecnologia/Technology THE USE OF HYBRID VEHICLES AS A PROPOSAL FOR REDUCING CO2 EMISSIONS AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO REDUCING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS C. A. R. de Carvalho, and W. Q. Lamas University of Taubate Postgraduate Programme in Mechanical Engineering Rua Daniel Danelli, s/n – Jd. Morumbi 12060-440, Taubate, SP, Brazil carlosalfredo.carvalho@hotmail.com, wendell@unitau.br ABSTRACT The problems related to energy consumption and pollutant emissions for the transport sector represent a major global concern regarding climate changes caused by greenhouse gases, directly related to the increased level of gas emissions from fossil fuels , the main one being carbon dioxide. One way to minimize this problem is through the introduction of new technologies. Hybrid cars are one of the new technology options that has the main advantage of reducing fuel consumption and therefore reducing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. This paper gives an introduction to hybrid vehicles, with the aim of presenting their main advantages and evaluate their impact on emissions of CO2 in the Brazilian fleet, compared to conventional vehicles. Keywords: CO2 emissions, fuel consumption, hybrid vehicles. NOMENCLATURE AR ER PEF N average round by a vehicle, km/year emission rate of CO2 per vehicle, t/year pollutant emission factor, g/km number of vehicles in the year INTRODUCTION Climate change and the increase in greenhouse gases are the main topics of discussion today in global discussions...
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...Palumbo Green Expansion Lotus Rental Car is a regional company primarily located in the western United States. The company plans to move into the national market by introducing a fleet of alternative-fuel vehicles into its existing fleet. While alternative fuels are still not widely available outside major metropolitan areas, we believe adding alternative-fuel cars to our fleet in areas where alternative fuels are readily available will increase our customer base and open new markets. This is particularly true in large east coast metropolitan areas that consider themselves to be environmentally proactive, such as Atlanta, Boston, New York, and Washington D.C. With the extremely high price of gasoline, there is a much higher demand for alternative-fuel cars, so by providing an option to our customers for these types of vehicles, Lotus will be able to tap into the green minded customer markets that already exist in these cities. Our team believes that introducing this fleet into Lotus’ already existing fleet will add a new dimension to the company and provide the growth we need to compete in these new markets. Our team will explore the advantages and disadvantages of the most widely available types of fuels and automobiles. We will also discuss the economic impact this fleet will have on Lotus. After exploring these options, we will provide our Chief Financial Officer with the types of cars and fuels best suited for these markets. These recommendations...
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...vehicles. However, Lotus Car Rental should add 100 alternative fuel vehicles to its fleet, placing 50 vehicles in Boston, MA and 50 vehicles in Los Angeles, CA. in order to maximize profit. Alternative Vehicles There are many types of alternative fuel vehicles to choose from such as ethanol flex-fuel, electric, and hybrid vehicles. In addition to regular gasoline, flex-fuel vehicles operate on E85, which is a mix of gas and ethanol. The ethanol levels of E85 range be¬tween 51% and 83% (Clean Cities, 2013). The miles per gallon are decreased when flex-fuel vehicles utilize E85 rather than regular gasoline, due to ethanol containing less energy than gasoline (Clean Cities, 2013). Regardless of this fact, many individuals power these vehicles with E85 because it is a high-octane fuel (Clean Cities, 2013). The high octane increases the vehicles power and performance, ultimately giving the driver a better driving experience. Electric vehicles use batteries to store the energy needed to operate its one or multiple motors. These batteries are charged by plugging into an electri¬cal power source (Clean Cities, 2013). Another method in which the batteries may also be charged is by regenerative braking. Regenerative braking is when the vehicle stores electricity from some of the energy that is lost when braking (Clean Cities, 2013). One of the most appealing features of electric vehicles is the fact that there is no tailpipe emissions associated with them. Electric vehicles last about 60...
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...Adding Alternative Fuel Vehicles to Lotus Rental Car In an effort to bring down the gasoline cost for his fleet, Lotus Car's Chief Financial Officer is looking at the possibility of adding alternative fuel vehicles to its fleet. To make a sound decision, she decided to hire a consultant firm that would review and determine if implementing the addition of alternative vehicles would benefit the company. By performing thorough research, the consultants will first perform a comparison between gas vehicles and alternative fuel vehicles. The consultant will then determine the advantages and disadvantages of adding alternative vehicles to Lotus Rental Car Company. Before the decision is made to add alternative-fuel vehicles to the Lotus fleet, we need to determine if AFVs truly are a feasible option. We must first acquire an understanding of alternative-fuel vehicles. As discovered in our research, there are currently a wide variety of alternative-fuel vehicles being used today. Alternative-fuel vehicles can operate on fuels other than gasoline or diesel. They come in a variety of forms, from commuter cars to large 18-wheelers. Using alternative fuels helps reduce our nation's dependence on imported oil and improves air quality. The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct) defines alternative fuels as electricity, ethanol, natural gas, propane, methanol, hydrogen, and biodiesel (U.S. Department of Energy, What is the Energy Policy Act of 1992, para. 2). Gas prices all over the world have...
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...Lotus Car Rental Alternative Fuel Proposal Joshua Maldonado and John Elias COMM/215 September 3, 2013 Vincent Palmieri Lotus Car Rental Alternative Fuel Proposal Combustion engine vehicles have come a long way, especially since conventional vehicles are reaching upwards of 30 miles per gallon. Conventional vehicles have only grown more reliable over the past few decades, and continue to improve with each passing year. Due to these advancements, many would agree that there is no reason to switch over to new alternative fuel vehicles. However, Lotus Car Rental should add 100 alternative fuel vehicles to its fleet, placing 50 vehicles in Boston, MA and 50 vehicles in Los Angeles, CA. in order to maximize profit. Alternative Vehicles There are many types of alternative fuel vehicles to choose from such as ethanol flex-fuel, electric, and hybrid vehicles. In addition to regular gasoline, flex-fuel vehicles operate on E85, which is a mix of gas and ethanol. The ethanol levels of E85 range between 51% and 83% (Clean Cities, 2013). The miles per gallon are decreased when flex-fuel vehicles utilize E85 rather than regular gasoline, due to ethanol containing less energy than gasoline (Clean Cities, 2013). Regardless of this fact, many individuals power these vehicles with E85 because it is a high-octane fuel (Clean Cities, 2013). The high octane increases the vehicles power and performance, ultimately giving the driver a better driving experience. Electric vehicles use batteries...
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...choices of hybrid cars detailing the pros and cons of each car’s technology, price, manufacturing, car’s impact on environment, and describe the scientific principles involved behind the technology. 2. Determine which type of car would work best for you and your family. Justify your decision based upon the result of your analysis of the 5 hybrid cars. 3. Analyze the impact this technology will have on our political relationships with oil-producing countries. Make sure that you address economic issues such as: trade, production, and supply in your analysis. 4. Express how you think this technology will influence world politics? Make sure that you address economic issues such as: trade, production, and supply in your analysis. 5. Explain what impact do you think these cars will have on our economy? Consider the following issues in your analysis: consumer buying, sustainability, recycling, and fuel economy. Abstract “The first hybrid gas-electric car in the United States, the original Honda Insight, reported its first 17 sales in December 1999. One decade and 1.5 million hybrids later, the auto industry is ready to embrace hybrids and other green cars like never before.” (Berman, 2009) Hybrid cars are extremely popular internationally and it’s easy to see why. “Hybrid cars complement gas engines with electric motors to improve gas mileage or to increase power through the use of a combined-propulsion system. Toyota and Honda are both major players in the hybrid space...
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...Electric cars have been around for a long time. An electric vehicle is powered by a battery instead of an internal combustion engine. Surprisingly, they have been around longer than gasoline powered vehicles. One of the first electric vehicles was created in 1828 by Ányos Jedlik in Hungary. Throughout the years, they’ve been more or less popular, depending on technology and fuel costs. Recent electric vehicles include the Tesla Roadster and Nissan Leaf. A related technology, the gasoline-electric hybrid car is powered by both large batteries and a gasoline engine. Working together, this setup improves fuel efficiency. The first thoroughly modern hybrid car was the Toyota Prius, which was released in 1997. Recently, there has been a small surge of popularity spurred by government subsidies and rebates which have been driving the sales of these types of vehicles up. Usually they are more expensive compared to cars with similar power, and consumers understandably may be hesitant to deal with this extra cost. Although initially more expensive, electric cars and hybrids cause a reduction in environmental damage because they have higher fuel efficiency, reduced air pollutants, and less petrochemical waste. The average consumer must be able understand why it’s important to replace the internal combustion engine with cleaner technology. This is vitally important for our future. Fuel efficiency is usually one of the main features that are looked at when buying a new vehicle. For the most...
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...severe air pollution and thus contributes to the “greenhouse effect.” This enormous amount of consumption will be the ultimate cause of the scarcity of oil in the future and of environmental pollution. If people do not develop any substitutes to burning fossil fuels in the next few decades, people will experience a new and large-scale energy crisis. In the U.S., there is a high demand for gasoline. However, if people start to use alternatives fuel vehicles, it can lower the demand of oil, which will in turn minimize the oil-dependence and potential environmental problems. Jim Motavalli, the editor of E: The Environmental Magazine, once said in his book Forward Drive, that “At long last, technological wizardry is being applied to the automobile, with the result being a new generation of cleaner cars. The gasoline engine represents yesterday’s solution to our transportation problems” (Motavalli, XIII) Today, hybrid cars are the best solution for America’s addiction to fossil fuels because they use clean energy to power vehicles, have compatible performance compared to conventional gasoline and diesel cars, and provide economic incentive for buyers. People believe that carbon dioxide (CO2) is one the causes of greenhouse effects. Scientists claim that CO2 accumulates in the atmosphere and traps the heat from getting out of the Earth. Thus, global temperature is increasing. As the problem of global warming and greenhouse effect become more evident, Americans have to find more renewable...
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