...Sophia Fan Mr. Carter & Mrs. Farley Humanities - Matteo Ricci November 15, 2012 The Domino Effect of the White Terror Have you ever tapped lightly against one domino and watched it knock down a whole line of these small squares? It is amazing how one single action can reciprocate so many other events. This is not only the case for dominoes, of course- everyday events have occurred like this too. A perfect example of the domino effect is the Communist split from the Nationalists, commonly known as the White Terror. This sudden purge only lasted around three nights, but the effects of the split would last for many decades in the future. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) split from the Chinese Nationalists in 1927 affected both China itself and other foreign nations through the triggering of major wars, changes in international relations, and the formation of modern China- one of the world’s leading economies. The effects of the split, both positive and negative, would last for many years to come. After splitting from the Nationalists, Mao Zedong led the legendary Long March- a campaign that would garner support for him and split the country into two parties. Although the route was extremely long and dangerous, the popularity gained along the way sustained the marchers. As Mao Zedong wrote in his 1935 poem The Long March, “the Red Army fears not the trials of the Long March, holding light ten thousand...
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...Chiang Kai Shek Chiang Kai-Shek lost control of China to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1949 following two and a half decades of mistakes and fundamental errors in ruling the struggling and fractured republic. Under his leadership, corruption was allowed to flourish in the nationalist party, failed military campaigns were commonplace, national unity was never created, and the obsession with personal wealth and gain was the rule among large numbers of the higher ranking members of the nationalist party, all of which lead to a complete breakdown of support for the nationalist party from the Chinese people. Chiang never had a “relationship with the common people.”1 From the time he came to power in 1925, he appeared never to understand his people. His obsession with purging the Kuomintang (KMT) of all Communists, his push for a New Life Movement2, making the claim, “first internal pacification, then external resistance”*3, and his use of foreign relationships and criminal organizations to gain superiority and exterminate the communists each played a role in confirming Chiang’s failure. In the fight against the Japanese in World War II, Chiang’s single-minded focus on the Chinese Communists allowed Japan to gain a strong grip in China and occupy parts of the country. It eventually required the help of the United States to defeat and oust the Japanese. Chiang’s repeated military failures against the Japanese caused him to lose support within his own elite KMT group. ...
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...|Project Title | | | |A Two-year strategic Plan on Sustaining Leadership and Competitive Advantage for Cathay Pacific | |Background | | | |Cathay Pacific Airways announced 2014 annual results in March 2015, the company stated that the business outlook for 2015 looked to be improved when| |compared to the previous year. However, a number of factors had a significant negative impact on their business. | | | |The principal adverse factors were reduced passenger yield, the continued high fuel price and the increased competition on Hong Kong routes and | |within the region have led to price wars in a climate of economic uncertainty. The Hong Kong-based airline faces a potentially more daunting...
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...Chinese Revolution Revolution is a total change. It can be a change that is political, social, economic, cultural or technological. Revolutions change the way people live. There were many revolutions throughout history. The one that will be introduced to you in this essay is Chinese Revolution. Chinese Revolution happened in 1949. There were many events that caused the revolution. Chiang Kai-Shek was the leader of nationalist government and Mao Zedong was the leader of communist group. Nationalist government was trying to suppress the communists and eliminated them. Civil War started in 1927 between these two groups. Sun Yat Sen's impact on the Chinese Revolution Sun Yat Sen is a figure that is impossible not to refer to while studying the Chinese Revolution. His involvement in the early days of the revolution is hard to deny but how effective and important his contribution was is arguable. There are many different arguments to whether Sun was a failed revolutionary or well deserving of the title ‘Father of the revolution”. There is a variance of opinion of how much sun contributed to the 1911 revolution is a great one. By early 1900 Sun had already expressed his need for the overthrowing of the Qing dynasty. To begin this Sun sent followers into China to attempt uprisings to make the most of the turmoil during the boxer rebellion but these uprisings failed. In 1905 two student revolutionary groups in Japan allied themselves with Sun Yat Sen’s Revive China Society to...
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...WHAT CAUSED THE CHINESE CIVIL WAR? Cases of Chinese Civil war can be divided into long and short term causes. 1. Struggle for power since 1927 between Nationalists and Communists 2. Chiang Kai-shek had tried to eradicate members of CCP 3. Japanese War unite CCP and GMD. However, Chiang Kai-shek couldn't accept Communists as his partners so he attack Communist forces in the south. 4. Polarized society Short term: 1. Divided country 2. Revolutional spirit 3. The Chinese Civil War (1927 – 1949/1950) was a civil war fought between the Kuomintang (KMT or Chinese Nationalist Party), the governing party of the Republic of China, and the Communist Party of China (CPC) (also known as CCP - Chinese Communist Party),[6] for the control of China which eventually led to China's division into two Chinas, Republic of China (ROC) and People's Republic of China (PRC). The war began in April 1927, amidst the Northern Expedition,[7], and essentially ended when major active battles ceased in 1949-1950. However there is debate on whether the war has officially ended. The conflict continues in the form of military threats and political and economic pressure, particularly over the political status of Taiwan. The continued tension is described in cross-Strait relations. The war represented an ideological split between the Nationalist KMT, and the Communist CPC. In mainland China today, the last three years of the war (1947–1949) are more commonly known as the War of Liberation, or alternatively...
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...Background: - Cathay Pacific was founded in Hong Kong on september 24 1946 - it is held amongst two, Roy Farrel and Sydney de Kantzow - as mentioned in the video, in its early stages, cathay pacific only flew to few routes between hong kong, sydney, manila, singapore - when it bought butterfield and swore it expanded its fleet and its destinations routes to European and North American countries. - this has continued to the current days in their developments Future Forecast: - in the short term, revenue of cargo may increase because cathay pacific is introducing new cargo terminals in hong kong this year - the firm has ordered around 92 fleets expecting to introduce new flights and destinations which will allow it to increase Industry Comparison: - revenue: throughout the years, it is shown that british airways' revenue has been higher than cathay pacific, because of the financial crisis in 2008, they had begun to face negative drawbacks and growth, they began to operate in different markets and expand their fleets and destinations which had allowed their revenue to increase, british airways was bound to take such an action in order for them to keep gaining profit and remain in the industry, as the scale of the company grows the revenue will increase with it - expenses: we can also notice that both company's share similar expenses where as their revenues have a drastic difference, this shows that cathay pacific may be more efficient in delivering their service...
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...Hong Kong Dragon Airlines Case A In this case, Hong Kong Dragon Airlines was trying to figure out the appropriate discount rate in order to determine whether purchase or lease an engine for replacing the spare one. Since Dragon Airlines was acquired by another main Hong Kong airline company ‘Cathay Pacific’, we shall use the data of Cathay pacific to find out the weighted average cost of capital. Unfortunately, Cathay Pacific does not issue any bonds that there is no bond or credit rating to assist us calculate the cost of debt. I chose to use the credit rating of Singapore Airlines as an alternative, because according to Hoover’s.com, they have very similar size, revenue and net profit margin with Cathay Pacific. They are also main competitors to each other. The credit rating of Singapore Airline from 2003 to 2004 is not provided. Instead the credit rating is provided in the period of 2011-2012. According to their annual report of 2011-2012, roughly 80% of their financial assets are rated with grades of A to Aaa and 0% of them are rated at Baa. Therefore their credit rate is approximately Aa, in which this case, the bond yield spread over treasuries is 0.9%, the risk-free rate is 0.43% and the risk premium is 0.43%. By calculation, the cost of debt is 0.7% and cost of equity is 0.89% by using CAPM approach. After a brief discussion with Joseph Mann, the total equity is $32989 which equals the sum of share capital, reserves, and minority interest. Total debt is $22631 which...
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...• The seed that planted the Chinese Civil war lies in its social, political and economic instability within the Chinese society. The Chinese civil war was an armed conflict between two ideologically opposed forces - the Nationalists Guomingdang (GMD) and the Communists People Liberation Army (CCP) – to see who could ultimately restore power and regain central control over China. As Historian Jonathan Spence argues, the Chinese Civil War should refer more narrowly to this latter conflict between 1946 and 1949, as this produced a decisive result. Although there are many causes to the outbreak of the war, the main long term, mid-term, immediate and catalyst causes will be discussed. The overthrow of the Manchu Dynasty coupled with the Warlord era, followed by the ideological divide between the CCP and the GMD during the First United Front led to the catalyst cause during the Sino-Japanese war, in which the two parties truly showed the extent to which they will go to, to become the leader and unifier of the country, unleashing the ultimate trigger to the outbreak of the Chinese Civil War. The most significant long term cause of the civil war in China was the collapse of the Qing Dynasty, as it played a fundamental role in creating the conditions for the event. The Qing government became weakened economically, socially and politically from internal and external threats by the end of the 19th century. European imperialist powers and Japan forced their way into China to take advantage...
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...According to the internal and external analysis and we found out there are some room for Cathay Pacific for compete more aggressively if it wishes to develop its business in the Asia region. Cathay Pacific already has had a good network within South East Asia and serves most major cities from Hong Kong with reasonable frequency. Currently most of those passengers who fly to Hong Kong on Cathay flights terminate their journey at that destination (with the possible exception of Taiwan). With Cathay already having a impressive long-haul network in place a smaller number of passengers are choosing to use Hong Kong as a ‘stopover’ in order to fly on to another destination. This is an area that Cathay Pacific can exploit. Whilst the Cathay serves most major cities with good frequencies and therefore covers a large geographical segment within Asia there is one area which Cathay is not well represented, China. Because of this Cathay looses out in three ways: o Loss in potential revenue from Chinese nationals wishing to visit Hong Kong and vice versa; and o Loss in potential revenue from Chinese nationals wishing to fly to Europe, the USA or Australia and potentially using Hong Kong as a ‘stop-over’ o Loss in potential revenue from international travellers coming from outside Asia who wish to visit China potentially using Hong Kong as a ‘stop-over’. As can be seen from the analysis Cathay Pacific Airways has a well respected brand and is a well run company that is able...
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...Mao’s choice of ideology appealed to the masses as it provided them with an equal opportunity, gave them land, rights and privileges and offered them an alternative to political instability and lack of unity. Before Mao, the peasants who made up 85% of society, had endured humiliation and suffering under the imperialist dynasty. After the overthrow of the dynasty, the people were looking for answer to their extreme poverty. Mao provided that answer through his own form of Marxism Leninism, where every man, woman and child got a share. He gained support from the people by giving them land rights through land reform and offering them fair and equal treatment in the Red army. Mao also provided the peasantry with an alternative to the harsh ways of the Nationalist government. Under the GMD, the peasants had to pay 40-60% of their crops in rents, with further taxes on top. The peasants found it very hard to sustain a living under GMD control whereas Mao set to eliminate taxes for poorer peasants, set up price controls, and only have the upper 20% pay taxes. Mao also gained further support by promising to rid China of domination and interference by foreign nations. The Long March is to date considered as one of the major propaganda tools which Mao employed in solidifying his cult of personality and gaining support. The Long March occurred when the CCP had to flee a concerted GMD attack and the CCP retreated. Speaking of the Long March as a tool of propaganda, Mao himself said “The...
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...many respects, China had been in a state of civil war since the Shanghai Massacre and the collapse of the First United Front in 1927. The main phase of the Chinese Civil War, however, is usually regarded as the period from late 1945 to 1949. After the Japanese surrender in August 1945, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Guomindang (GMD) agreed to hollow peace talks and an abortive ceasefire. By the start of 1946, however, the two groups were again fighting for control of China. This final phase of the Chinese Civil War culminated in the CCP’s capture of Beijing and its leader Mao Zedong (Wade-Giles: Mao Tse-tung) declaring the formation of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in October 1949. Nationalist generalissimo Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) was forced to retreat to Taiwan, where he established an alternative government called the Republic of China (ROC). The civil war inflicted major suffering on China’s civilian population, already exhausted and economically ravaged by decades of revolution, warlordism and conflict with the Japanese. The war caused millions of casualties, triggered economic disintegration through hyperinflation and corruption, and displaced millions of refugees. The CCP may have secured victory in 1949 but like the republicans of 1912, they inherited an unstable, dysfunctional and economically depleted nation. With the Japanese surrender in August 1945, most observers believed the CCP and Guomindang would resume their struggle for control of China...
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...The Chinese Civil War KMT vs. CCP The Chinese civil war of 1946-49, is considered one of the most brutal and bloody conflicts near the final stages of the Second World War, which took the lives of millions of soldiers and civilians. The war was fought between two parties, the Kuomintang (KMT or Nationalists) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP or Reds). The leaders of these parties respectively were Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong. The war between the KMT and CCP wasn’t a new struggle but a continuation that dates back more than a couple decades and resumes after the Japanese had surrendered in 1945. In 1949, the better armed KMT were ultimately defeated by the CCP. The reasons for the CCP’s decisive victory are due to the poor mismanagements of Chiang Kai-shek combined with the corruption of the KMT, the superior leadership and tactics of Mao Zedong and the communists, the positive support from the peasants, and the aid provided by the Soviet Union. Although Chiang and his Nationalists looked like they had all the advantages over the CCP at the end of the Japanese war, Chiang’s leadership and the corruption of officers in the KMT’s forces known as the “Nationalist Revolutionary Army” (NRA), would be a major cause in the KMT’s defeat. One of Chiang’s military goals was to be the head of a national army that would heed all of his orders which was never fully accomplished. Throughout the civil war, the armies he controlled were a mixed bag. There were...
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...the potential employee being sought after has a contract for a certain length of time or a non-compete clause. This clause makes it difficult for a potential candidate to work for a company that deals in a like form of business. Even though in many places such clauses may not hold up in court it is enough to persuade a person to not take the risk. Existing employees in a relative or like business can be very important in growing a new business. The sought after employee would bring in already “established relationships with customers, suppliers, and channel members” that would help a growing company gain over their competition (Hisrich, Peters, & Shepherd, 2013, pg.424). This is why Google went after top talent like Microsoft’s Dr. Kai-Fu Lee and highly regarded scientist who wanted to leave Microsoft to become president if Google China (Hartley, 2011, pg.107) Going into a competitors turf like Google did with Microsoft shows them that you will not back down from a challenge and that you are willing to take risks to grow the business. The down fall of going after the talent of other companies is that it might interfere with the morale of the existing business if no one is being promoted from within. Google would not have this problem because of the stock options they gave employees within the company that enabled many when the company went public to become millionaires. Going after the top talent of other companies may enable the potential candidate to go back to their...
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...more foot binding, prostitution, Land reform, When they made mistake, too radical for land reform, they backed down and began to more moderate. * Conclusion has to go back to the question Compare the two!! GMD & CCP Why did a Civil war break out in China in 1947? * Intro * Main Body (1st/2nd developed point) (division between GMD and CCP), 1925 – 1945 main points (shanghais massacre, extermination campaigns, long march, war with Japan) * Main Body (2nd developed point) 1945-1946 (end of the Sino-Japanese war, CCP willing to compromise, GMD not) * Conclusion – long term factors + the short term caused the civil war The Chinese civil war was a power struggle between China’s GMD nationalist party under Chiang Kai Shek ant the CCP communist party under Mao Ze Dong. Although...
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...State Department, May 1947. The extract is a report by the US consul in Shenyang to the US State Departament, it is a primary source as it shows Source B Strive to annihilate the enemy in mobile warfare, but at the same time pay attention to tactics of positional attack for seizing enemy strongholds and cities. In the mater of siege operations, resolutely seize all the weakly defended enemy positions or cities. In the case of an enemy position or city defended with medium strength, seize it when the opportunity arises and circumstances permit. In the case of a strongly defended enemy position, take it only when the conditions are ripe. Extract from an essay by Mao Zedong on war, may 1947, to guide his troops. Source C Ching Kai-chek (Jiang Jieshi) was personally honest and well-meaning, [but] he was hemmed in by untrustworthiness of provincial leaders, the intrigues of his headquarters and the widespread communist influence. In 1947 the communist armies faced nationalist superiority in men and materials of two and half to one. After less than a year of fighting, they had reversed the proportion. The nationalist armies voted with their feet. Gray, J. 1990: Rebellions and revolutions, China from 1800s to the 1980s. (Oxford) Source D Military victory was achieved through a brilliant use f strategy against an erroneous campaign plan adopted by the nationalists. On the political front, victory...
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