...Gender bias in advertising Advertising has a significant role in society of consumers. Nowadays it can be seen almost everywhere and it becomes more and more obsessive. Any goods or service that advertised has its own customer. To make the advertising work, it is important to show a certain image of a person or how it called “the reflection of the recipient”, for whom the advertising is made (Wolska). As a result a lot of gender stereotypes and biases can be observed. Though the difference between social status of men and women is smaller now than in past, mass media monumentalizes a lot of traditional stereotypes. Advertisements show women more often than men because it’s considered that purchases usually made by them (Wolska). They usually have a specific role like housewife, who tries to clean house properly or to make a nice dinner for her family. Another example is a beautiful and mystery woman who advertises some cosmetics or clothing etc. As for men, they usually imagined like self-confident businessmen or sportsman with great physical training etc. It is interesting fact, that both male and female products commercials usually interacts towards women in the same way as they often buy male products too for their husbands or children. So it is important to show such male stereotypes in commercial that could be acceptable for both men and women. At the same time, it is very rarely when commercial aimed toward women work in the same way on men (Edmonds). Is presence...
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...GENDER AND LANGUAGE IGB 442 FINAL PROJECT GENDER BIAS IN SONG By ANIK DWI ULFIYAH NIM 110222415038 STATE UNIVERSITY OF MALANG FACULTY OF LETTERS ENGLISH DEPARTMENT 2013 Gender Bias in Song Gender and Language refer to the relationship between language and our ideas about men and women. Gender itself is a different term from sex. Sex is a biological creature, while gender is ideas which are constructed by the society as the users of the language. Let us think about the different answers to these two questions which might help us clarify the distinction between sex and gender: What does it mean to be male? What does it mean to be a man? ‘To be male’, as an expression of biological sex, is to have a chromosomal make up of XY. “To be a man,” however, expresses the socially constructed aspects of masculinity. As we know, language is the most important means in communication. We also know that the goal of the communication is to convey the message. One of the language uses is in song. Song, however, is an implementation of language and it also delivers message. Thus, song is also another form of using the language. Since we know that language can be gendered bias, so does in song. The content of the song –or song lyric— may be gendered bias in some extent. Love, life, and music are unseparatable things. People who really love music will absolutely agree with this quote. Almost all people in the world like music, even just one certain song...
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...06/17/2016 Essay #2: Is Gender Bias Noticeable in Literature? In this essay I would be investigating if there are any gender biases in the short stories and the movie Gone Girl. By definition gender bias is, “Inclination towards or prejudice against one gender” (Collins). Although gender bias is mostly thought of being against women there has been a subtler bias against men most recently in movies. Therefore, in this essay I would be considering gender biases of both men and women. In the short story “The Short Happy life of Francis Macomber” the author Ernest Hemmingway treats both genders equally. Both Wilson and Mrs. Macomber are portrayed as opportunists. He has no compunction in accepting the silly advances of Macomber’s wife. She marries Macomber for his money and social position. They both have a cruel streak. He (illegally) beats his helpers, knowing that they would rather take the beating than lose money (fines). She is cruel to her husband, openly despising his weaknesses, and deliberately flaunting her infidelities. In contrast, “I Want a Wife” the author Judy Brady has gender bias. The woman portrayed in the composition is resentful of the quality of life experienced by women in general, who, as wives, have to cater to their husband’s every need and whim. Husbands are portrayed as lazy, selfish and inconsiderate, not even pulling their weight as fathers of their children. Moreover, in the short story “Shiloh” the author Bobby Ann Mason has gender bias. Norma Jean is...
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...Cheryl Harrison FINAL PAPER TOPIC: Women and Leadership & Second Generation Gender Bias REASON FOR TOPIC: As a woman in the workforce, learning more about’ Women and Leadership’ will help me identify the challenges I potentially face in my leadership journey. https://hbr.org/2013/09/women-rising-the-unseen-barriers https://hbr.org/2013/09/women-rising-the-unseen-barriers Second-generation gender bias refers to practices that may appear neutral or non-sexist, in that they apply to everyone, but which discriminate against women because they reflect the values of the men who created or developed the setting, usually a workplace More than 25 years ago the social psychologist Faye Crosby stumbled on a surprising phenomenon: Most women are unaware of having personally been victims of gender discrimination and deny it even when it is objectively true and they see that women in general experience it. Many women have worked hard to take gender out of the equation — to simply be recognized for their skills and talents. Moreover, the existence of gender bias in organizational policies and practices may suggest that they have no power to determine their own success. For the purpose of this paper, I am interested in further exploring Women in Leadership The past two decades have seen notable progress for women in corporate America, as most forms of obvious gender discrimination have been eliminated and many companies have invested in women’s advancement...
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...Cameron Golden Dr. Casey Citrin Advanced Senior Humanities 8 April 2018 Gender Bias in the Criminal Justice System Script Introduction Hello, my name is Cameron Golden and I will be taking about the gender bias and the issue of gender neutrality in the US criminal justice system. The first issue I will be focusing on is the root cause for the violent crimes committed by women. Second, I will talk about how the US criminal justice system is biased in the orientation of the system and how it prevents an equal and fair trial and conviction of female offenders. The third issue I will be discussing is the way the law addresses homicide in domestic cases verses what is known as stranger violence and the underrepresentation of women receiving harsher...
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...Bob Enyart had once said “ It is not a Justice system, it is just a system.” This is incredibly true for today’s court system as it is unfair. Many people are wrongly put away or go free even though they are guilty as a result from different prejudices. This has always been an issue but it seems to be getting worse rather than better. The United states court system does not treat each other equally based on gender, race, and age. To begin, genders are not treated equally in the court system. Females and males will have different punishments depending on the crime, rather than have the same sentence. Sometimes the male gets the better end of the punishment and sometimes it’s the female. In fact many places in America still have gender biases: “In the last decade, more than 30 states have produced studies...
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...Bias comes in many forms, including race, age, gender, and ethnicity and can be universal or location specific (Fiske, 2010). Biased individuals believe the biases they are applying to others are right without regard for the truth (Fiske). Prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination are all somewhat similar; however, they are also very different. Each form of bias is performed by one individual or group of individuals judging another individual or group of individuals prior to obtaining factual knowledge of the individual or group (Fiske). However, each form of bias is performed with a different focus. An individual behaves in a prejudicial manner when he or she has an emotional reaction to another individual or group of individuals based on preconceived ideas about the individual or group (Fiske, 2010). For example, a White individual refusing to drink from the same water fountain as a Black individual based solely on racial bias represents prejudice by the White individual. The White individual has no factual information to support not drinking from the same water fountain; however, he or she has a preconceived idea of the Black individual and therefore refuses to use the same drinking fountain. According to Fiske (2010), stereotyping is the application of an individual’s own thoughts, beliefs, and expectations onto other individuals without first obtaining factual knowledge about the individual(s). Many times, stereotypes are created after multiple occurrences of a similar...
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...traditional methods can create biases that may unduly influence manager decisions about consumer behavior. For example, a type of bias that can result from the use of technology is sampling bias. “A common cause of sampling bias lies in the design of the study or in the data collection procedure, both of which may favor or disfavor collecting data from certain classes or individuals or in certain conditions. Sampling bias is also particularly prominent whenever researchers adopt sampling strategies based on judgment or convenience, in which the criterion used to select samples is somehow related to the variables of interest” (Panzeri, Magri, and Carraro, 2008). A second type of bias that may result from the use of technology is response bias. “In survey sampling, response bias refers to the bias that results from problems in the measurement process. This bias may result from leading questions, in which the wording of the question may be loaded in some way to unduly favor one response over another, or social desirability, because most people like to present themselves in a favorable light, so they will be reluctant to admit to unsavory attitudes or illegal activities in a survey” (Statistics and Probability Dictionary, 2014). The use of technology in data collection is evident in TV advertising and credit card purchases and could be subject to bias. “Given the hundreds of companies tracking consumers’ online behavior, information, such as...
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...• • • • • • Importance of the message Richness of the channel Formality of message Urgency and cost Need for a permanent record Immediacy of feedback required Organizational and audience preferences Approach: Direct or Indirect? • Direct – – – – Main idea first, followed by evidence Routine messages Positive messages Some negative messages • Indirect – Evidence first, build case towards main idea – Most negative messages Connect With Your Audience 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Adopt a “you” attitude Be sincere, respectful, polite Stress audience benefits Emphasize the positive Use plain, simple language Use bias-free language Use Plain, Simple Language • Use short, familiar words • Don’t confuse your audience or try to be purposefully vague • Minimize jargon Use Bias-Free Language • Avoid – – – – Gender bias Racial and ethnic bias Age bias Disability bias It’s All About Balance • To be most effective, use a variety of sentences throughout your writing • Simple • Compound • Complex • Compound-Complex Coherent Paragraphs • Focus on one topic •...
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... Brian Lempke Diversity is generally defined as acknowledging, understanding, accepting, valuing, and celebrating differences among people with respect to age, class, ethnicity, gender, physical and mental ability, race, sexual orientation, spiritual practice, and public assistance status (Esty, et al., 1995). There are the obvious characteristics such as gender, race, religious beliefs, social class, etc.; and of course there are those characteristics that are not so obvious such as mental ability, religious beliefs, physical ability among others. It is tough to decipher those hidden qualities on an individual without knowing much about that person. For my first example I have chosen Jenna, this was very tough for me as I let my personal bias get in the way of a rational choice when I came across the decision to match a picture to the description. I was wrong! Her Drive is eminent; her commitment to succeed is unprecedented. She was able to survive drug dependency (demonstrates drive and the will to succeed) and established herself as she once had after she graduated college. Mental toughness was very important as she went through hard times after losing her mother, these hidden characteristics cannot be detected by the naked eye and most of us base our judgment on our own personal bias and stereotypes. Kim was my second choice, She too has the drive to succeed, and she was the first one of her family to attend college. Her humble origins and the opinion of others...
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...“I OFTEN THINK IT ODD THAT IT SHOULD BE SO DULL, FOR A GREAT DEAL OF IT MUST BE INVENTION.” -Catherine Morland on History The most naïve policeman would know to not believe everything a witness is saying, even if he doesn’t use the full potential of his knowledge. Similarly, historians (not men) have come to realise that they cannot believe all historical information blindly (evidence would be the wrong word). Historians have understood that manuscripts can be forged, facts can be exaggerated and physical evidence can be faked. Does this leave any room for any distinction between a myth and a historical fact? Having that distinction is important. However, it is an undeniable truth that myths originate from facts and hence cannot be completely false. Then from where does the question of having to make this sort of a distinction arise from? Does a distinction even exit? If yes, where does it come from? Questions like these have made history one of the most uncertain and ambiguous disciplines. When one is asked the question ‘What is history?’, we subconsciously give the answer to the broader question of our view of the society we live in. History can be viewed as a collection of facts produced by historians to reconstruct the past. This means that most people understand the distinction between “history” and “past”. Past includes facts that already happened whereas history is a reiteration of those facts from a historian’s point of view.- I get what you’re trying to say and...
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... the extended family and professionals may all have differing perceptionsof families with same-sex caregivers; some view this as strength whereas otherswill see membership of a minority group as a risk. Family members themselvesmay negatively discriminate on the basis of sexuality. Prior awareness of thepossibility of conflicting opinions will enable the worker to reactthoughtfully and mediate effectively. The social worker should criticallyevaluate their own practice continuously, checking for assumptions,stereotyping and cultural bias. Preparation for the assessment should beginwith ensuring an appropriate social worker is allocated. The team managershould consider the field workers knowledge and understanding of the issuespertaining to this particular family (for example youth offending,discrimination/oppression based on sexuality/gender, attachment issues etc), aswell as ensuring the worker is an appropriate match in terms of race and gender. Once a suitable worker is allocated thecase, he/she will need to refer to all information gathered previously. Thiswill prevent the family repeating sensitive information again, and will enablethe social worker to identify gaps in information that need to be filled duringthe assessment. Assessments and subsequent care plans aremore effective if the child and family feel empowered and involved throughoutthe process (Department for Education and Skills, 2001). Indeed this is a dutyof any professional working with children as outlined...
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...Compensation – Chapter 7 Review for Exam M/C Practice Questions Know compensable factors (275) Compensable factors are characteristics of jobs that are valued by the organization and differentiate jobs from one another. They can also be described as the characteristics in an organization that help pursue its strategy and achieve objectives. The four main categories are: 1. Skill 2. Effort 3. Responsibility 4. Working conditions. Under pay equity legislation, organizations are required to use these 4 categories in evaluating work. They also typically include – job inputs, outputs, requirements and conditions. What are benchmarking jobs? What are they used for? (283) It is a job in the firm’s job evaluation system for which there is a good match in the labour market data. These jobs are picked because of the available data of the market comparator job. From these jobs and information, an organization can tell if they are lagging or leading when it comes to pay (for that particular job). Know the process in developing the pt method – know the steps 1. Identify Compensable Factors – (275) – see above 2. Scaling the factors (277) – the process of establishing degrees for each compensable factor – ex. Education – degree 1 is graduating high school, degree 6 is a doctorate degree 3. Weighting the Factors (279) – see below 4. Applying and testing the system (280) Know the pitfalls of the point method (289 and slide 15) There are several disadvantages...
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...have a more positive attitude towards Castro (dispositional). Determined by coin toss= write in pro= more positive. Participants unable to see the influence of situational restraints placed upon writers could not refrain from dispositional belief even though participants were randomly assigned. Evaluation: lead to further research, all American sample, and question ecological validity. Suedfeld (2003) Attribution made by holocaust survivors. Questionnaire given to survivor groups and age-matched Jewish participants who had not experienced Nazi prosecution. 91% of survivors made situational attributions and 51% in control group. 34% of survivors made dispositional attribution and 71% in control group, Self-Serving Bias Attribution exhibits self-serving bias when we explain our...
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...This is in contrast to the media article where the journalist may find it difficult to apply academic writing as the target audience may not be as well educated. In conclusion to this, research journals are aimed at people with an interest in a specific area and who have adequate knowledge of the subject whereas media coverage is aimed at the general public who may be reading about an issue for the first time, thus meaning the author may have to include suggestive or sympathetic language styles. Another difference between the two approaches is the use of references, media publications do not always include previous research and cite specific work. Media articles, for example in appendix 1’s “Low Female Sports Coverage In Media Due to Gender Bias” are simpler written by using more emotive language to engage the reader whilst using a modest range of vocabulary so the general population can understand the point being made. This is a divergence to scientific publications which are more scientifically targeted. Media articles have a higher influence on public opinion as newspapers and magazines are much more accessible than scholar-written scientific journals which have to be subscribed to most of the time. A more obvious difference in approach between social science research and journalists in terms of females in sport, is the use of images and visuals to attract attention from the reader and...
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