...art movement started in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where graffiti was used mostly by political activists and gangs which used graffiti to mark their territory. One of the first appearances of what can be call modern graffiti that appeared in Philadelphia can be credited to CORNBREAD and COOL EARL. The appearance of graffiti in Philadelphia was the first conscious effort at bombing where CORNBREAD and COOL EARL wrote their names all over the city gaining attention from the press and the community. The early 70’s saw the start of graffiti as a culture in Manhattan, New York City where artists such as TAKI 183, Julio 204, Frank 207, and Joe 136 popularized it. TAKI 183, was employed as a foot messenger and took advantage of riding the subway. The subway was the place where TAKI 183 practiced his “tagging” skills. Taki was the nickname Demetrius chose for himself and 183 was the name of the street he resided on. Taki 183 got this idea of tagging from Julio 204. Julio 204 was a Puerto Rican who was from a gang known as “Savage Skulls”. Taki 183 began tagging his name in his neighborhood as early as 1968. Juilo never got as much fame as his successor because he did not tag his name out of his...
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...Abstract This term paper delineates 1) gender, race and inequality, 2) its antediluvian (historic) attachment, 3) sociological perspectives, 4) modernization paradigms (examples), 5) the synopsis (summary), 6) a glossary of vocabulary words, and 7) references (works cited). Gender is Race and inequality produces such a predominate upshot on our daily lives. When we say gender, we often think that gender is sex. In reality gender is not sex. Imagine you are born into a society in which you never knew your factual identity. That is, you don’t know who you are, except for that fact that you are alive. Moreover, suppose you were applying for a job and you encounter a query (question) saying, “What is your gender?” or “Are you a Male or...
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...I. Introduction When conducting business in a country with a culture that is unknown to you, it is best to prepare and understand that country's traditions and culture as best as possible. In order to be successful in business in Japan, one must understand the dynamics of an intercultural relationship on a business level as well as a personal level to ensure that no offense is created . This report will focus on Japan; what differences we see between Japan and Canada culturally while studying abroad, and what helps create a strong successful business relationship. II. Determinants of Culture Culture is a system of values and normalities that are considered a way of life in society. Culture influences how we think, talk, pray, eat, dress, interact and, communicate. Our behaviour, attitude, personality and beliefs have been shaped by the culture we were raised in. “Culture is transmitted through language, material objects, ritual, institutions and art, from one generation to the next.” (n.d., Dictionary) Even with the effects of globalization, countries around the world are still distinct from one another. So how do we really set apart one culture from another? Here are the determinants of culture: * Social Structure - Consists of institutions, rules, and practices. Social structure assigns roles and powers to individuals in a society. It is the social relation of one person to another person where a stable arrangement of institutions by which the people in...
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...Healthy: A Growing Market The Subway chain is the most well-known of the quick service restaurant (QSR) sub industry. All five of Subway’s similar competitors combined do not come close to the 27,021 locations that Subway currently owns in the United States; Quiznos has 5,200 locations (Quiznos, 2015), Firehouse Subs owns 850 locations (Firehouse Subs, 2015), Jimmy Johns has approximately 2,000 locations (Jimmy John's, 2015), Jersey Mike’s has 1,300 locations (Jersey Mike's, 2015), and Charley's Grilled Subs has over 500 locations (Charley's, 2015). The Subway chain is indisputably the world’s largest submarine sandwich chain with over 43,000 locations around the world (SUBWAY, 2015) and a brand value of $6.6 billion (Forbes, 2014). In this paper we will discuss how the Subway brand came to be so successful, what marketing strategies were used properly in the process, and conclude with what marketing strategies should continue to be implemented and what marketing strategies should be improved in order for Subway to maintain its success in the QSR industry. Background Information The “How” In 1965, 17 year old Fred DeLuca needed a way to fund his tuition to become a medical doctor. With a $1,000 loan from soon-to-be business partner Dr. Peter Buck, Fred founded Pete’s Super Submarines, known today as Subway Restaurants. The first store was opened in Bridgeport, Connecticut in August, 1965 with the future goal of opening 32 stores in 10 years (SUBWAY, 2015). Their biggest concern...
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...brand equity of the fast food chains operating in Karachi. The selected fast food chains for the purpose of this research were KFC, McDonalds, Subway and Mr. Burger. A closed ended questionnaire based on a liker rating scale was developed. The questionnaire was based on literature survey, and the theoretical framework. The field survey was carried out in October 2004. The final sample size was of 83 respondents. The brand equity of KFC with the mean of 3.95 was highest and the brand equity of Mr. Burger with a mean of 3.13 was lowest. The respondents’ opinions varied normally with standard deviation of 0.69 to 1.02. The developed hypotheses were tested through one way and two- way ANOVA. Subway and Mr. Burger have adopted a niche-focused strategy and it was found that they both are doing well in their respective areas. KFC was found to be the leading brand. McDonalds has to improve a lot in terms of brand image and positioning. It is one of the most marketed and advertised fast food brands in the country and it has not been successful as shown by its relatively low brand equity score. i. Objective of Study The objective of this study is to measure consumers’ perception on the brand equity of the fast food chains operating in Karachi. The selected fast food chains for the purpose of this research are KFC, McDonalds, Subway and Mr. Burger. II. Literature Survey An Overview Brand is a powerful concept as it blends performance – based values with...
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...Marketing Research Assignment – Wendy´s Case Martin Meister – Boston University THE WENDY´S CASE A DEMOSTRATION HOW MARKETING RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS CAN HELP RESOLVING A MANAGEMENT DECISION PROBLEM Martin Meister – martinmeisterg@yahoo.com Boston University - MET AD 856 fall 2012 – Professor Vladimir Zlatev February 27, 2012 1 Marketing Research Assignment – Wendy´s Case Martin Meister – Boston University Table of Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 1. - Problem Definition ....................................................................................................................................... 3 a. - Background to the problem...................................................................................................................... 3 b. - Statement to the problem........................................................................................................................ 4 2. - Approach to the Problem ............................................................................................................................. 5 3. - Research Design ........................................................................................................................................... 8 a. - Information needs ........................................................................................
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...[pic] Marketing Research of Subway Executive Summary This paper aims at conducting marketing research of Subway with a purpose of attaining its strategic objectives comprehensively. This company is an American world’s largest fast food chain, primarily selling submarine sandwiches and salads, that operates on the franchising principle. Marketing research is “the function linking the consumer, customer and public to the marketer through information – information used: to identify and define marketing opportunities and problems; to generate, refine and evaluate marketing actions; to monitor marketing performance; and to improve understanding of the marketing process” (Kotler, 2007). The goal of marketing research is to identify and assess how changing elements of the marketing mix impacts customer behavior. Also for performing marketing activity successfully the company should carry out situation analysis, use marketing concepts (segmentation, targeting and positioning) to analyze the needs of their clients and then make decisions to assure those needs, better than the competition. Situation analysis based on the external factors observation (PESTEL analysis), customers’, rivals’, distributors’ and shareholders’ behaviour have also been discussed. SWOT-analysis was used in the completing of this assignment as one of the analytical methods of strategic analysis. BCG matrix as one of marketing strategies and integrated mix part (seven...
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...Principles of Marketing Referential answers for assignments Chapter1 D3 Discuss the differences between the production, product, selling, marketing, and societal marketing concepts. Identify circumstances where each one may be appropriate. The production concept: consumers will favor products that are available and highly affordable, which is useful when demand for a product exceeds the supply. The product concept: consumers favor products that are highest in quality, performance, and innovative features, which focus on continuous product improvement. The selling concept: consumers will not buy enough of products unless it undertakes a large-scale selling and promotion effort. Firms often practice the selling concept when they face overcapacity. The marketing concept: achieving organizational goals depends on knowing the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions better than competitors do. It works best in competitive markets where companies are in tune with customer’s product requirements. The societal marketing concept: marketing strategy should deliver value to customers in a way that maintains or improves both the consumer’s and the society’s well-being. This concept is used by firm’s wishing to take a long-term view of their operations. A1 Human needs are a basic desire for things one does not have (e.g., clothing). These needs are transformed into specific wants by one’s individual personality and the culture in which one lives...
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...Date of Incorporation: 1965 Franchising Since: 1974 Headquarters: Miami Springs, Florida Business Description: Subway Restaurants sell foot-long and numerous other kinds of healthy sandwiches, salads, etc. in its franchise. Franchise Offer: Subway offers highly qualified purchasers the right to operate and establish from a single location, a franchise selling specialty sandwiches, salads and other healthy edibles. Term of Agreement and Renewal The length of the franchise term will be 20 years and as per the contract, Subway has all the rights to refuse the renewal in case the franchisee does not generate profits of fulfil compliance. Investment Tables: Initial Investment: For a Traditional Location: | Low | High | Midium | Franchise Fee | $15,000 | $15,000 | $15,000 | Property | $2,000 | $12,000 | $5,000 | Improvements in lease | $59,500 | $134,500 | $102,100 | Security deposit | $4,500 | $7,500 | $6,500 | Security system (Optional) | $2,000 | $6,000 | $3,500 | Freight charges | $3,300 | $5,500 | $4,000 | Outside signage | $2,000 | $8,000 | $4,000 | Opening inventory | $4,400 | $6,050 | $5,225 | Insurance | $800 | $5,000 | $1,500 | Office Supplies | $500 | $1,300 | $900 | Training expenses (including travel & lodging) | $2,500 | $4,500 | $3,500 | Legal | $1,000 | $3,500 | $2,000 | Advertising | $2,500 | $4,000 | $3,250 | Miscellaneous Expenses | $4,000 | $8,000 | $6,000 | Additional Funds...
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...in my experiment, I decided to breach this norm, and took some situations into action. I invaded personal spaces of friend and strangers and observed the reactions of these people. The feedback I received from the invasion of my friend's personal space differed from the response of invading a stranger's. While we were at the café with my best female friend, I stayed very close to her all the time. As we sat down at the table, I sat near her, where was enough space only for one person, instead of sitting on the opposite side. She hadn’t say anything about my invasion, but I noticed that she was wandering if something wrong with me. Though, when I intruded stranger’s personal space, their reaction toward it was different. While I was in subway, I spotted a man who was sitting on the empty bench and reading a newspaper. When I sat down right beside him, as close as I could, the man stopped reading and looked at me, as if he was expecting me to say something, but I just smiled to him. The man ease up a little and continued his reading. But, with the same scenario, when I sat down by old age women, she looked over at me incredulously. I smiled to her, but she got up and walked away to the end of the car. She seemed very nervous. However, I decided to approach individuals of my age - teenagers. I noticed a girl, sitting alone on the bench, and sat right down to her, as I did before. Her reaction was totally...
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...passing through the subway station, it is quite often to see numerous images of female faces and bodies. Women are exposed in the world where most women display in films and on subway advertising boards are striking poses with little clothes on. Moreover, every image showed is airbrushed with Photoshop. Women are exposed with images produced by the media on what is considered to be the ideal face and body. The way media portray feminine beauty today changes the publics’ standard on feminine beauty and even how females view themselves. This essay will explain the impact of media in feminine beauty and how they portray it to women. Feminine beauty in the past and today There are a thousand definitions of feminine beauty Way back in the mid-nineteenth century, the ideal feminine beauty was reflected by sculptors’ pieces, the women’s nose and forehead run in a line which is indented by only a hair’s breath, the upper lip is very short, the ear is far back (Clark, 1980). The standard apply to one of the most famous figures, the Venus of Milo and many more. During the 1920’s, women aimed to hide their curves and wore bold make-up. And in the 1950’s, Marilyn Monroe and her hourglass figure were considered as the feminine ideal. As time goes by, people’s definitions of feminine beauty alter along. The standard is based on people’s cultural background and life experience. Beauty is certain a magnet for the cultural anxieties of our day: the adjustment of gender roles, the commodification...
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...was ten years ago with argumentative reasoning. “What ‘evidence’ have you offered to support your claim/position? Have you included your survey results?” The evidence offered to support my claim/position is through conversations I have had with others on the subway, at work, at the beauty salon and just about everywhere I travel, also through my research of study on the subject. Yes, I have included my survey results. “Put your claim/position and “evidence’ through the ‘Scientific Method’ and ‘Proving a theory’ steps. Are there any steps on which your claim/position and evidence do not measure up to the examination? If so, what can you do to make them more acceptable?” Providing evidence through the ‘Scientific Method’ has measured up to the examination. However the steps to ‘Proving a theory’ may give you the evidence to have a strong case but not actually proof that your theory has been proven. There will most likely be other evidence that will give your audience or viewers a different perspective on the situation. “Who is your intended audience? (This does not have to be specifically your instructor.)” My intended audience is a general population of people ranging from 18-65 years of age, both female and male gender and of different nationalities. “What is your purpose? What do you want the audience to do, to feel, or to think? My purpose is to educate myself as well as others (my...
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...solution. 3. “Space Invaders” The method does Stengel uses in his introduction to generate reader interest is narrative ( a short story or anecdote). Furthermore, when i was reading the introduction the author spark my curiosity to continue reading the text. It was interesting to me because this is the way that people live today. Its very common looking around, and detect many space invaders. For example, in elevators, people are wedging themselves in just before the doors close or on the street, pedestrains are zigzagging through the human traffic. In short, the phenomenon of invading personal space has become more serious in the current society and this space varies across individuals according to factors such as culture, age, and gender. 4. According to the author, I understand “personal space” as the area around a person which they prefer not be occupied by another person. It is the surrounding area that psychologically, subconsciously, they regard as "their turf," the area that they will feel uncomfortable or react in some negative way if a person enters it. In addition, the writer gives several explanation to this pervasive phenomenon. The shrinkig of personal space is due to factors ---- the geographical space, the general decline of manners, and more more impudent...
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...(Thoreau). Just like the less fortunate wishes they could live their lives. I believe money is the rut of all evil but goodness is the beginning of all hope. Out of all the things in this world being kind pays off in the end for many reasons. Reasons being you made you made them feel like they were loved or they will remember you for the rest of their lives. Being kind to others is not just the right thing to do. It makes others feel loved and gives them hope. We never know what they might be going through and just one kind word might just make a difference. Most people believe that the materialist things in this life will make a person happy. I would have to disagree. There is nothing materialist in this world that could actually make a person spiritually happy. Being spiritually happy is greater reward than being happy with materialist things. There has always been a big problem with others being kind. Whether it involved racism, age, or gender. Back in the early days, the white people were not kind to the black people. Neither of them understood the mean of goodness towards others or showing each other the respect they deserved. There was not any kindness toward females back in the earlier days. Society had the men believing the women should stay in the “kitchen” so to speak. The men worked hard to bring the bread home so the women better prepare it. There was not any team work or kindness shown to each other. With all the hatred in this world today. Everyone should learn that “goodness...
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...a common menu above the counter; they provide no wait staff; and customers typically pay before eating and choose and clear their own tables. These restaurants are also known as quick serve restaurants (QSRs). Main type of food sold at the restaurant, including burgers, sandwiches, snacks, Mexican food, and pizza. sales. The next four, Subway, Burger King, Starbucks, and Wendy’s, had $8 to $10 billion each in sales and 6% to 7% of the market. The three YUM! Brands restaurants in the top 20 (Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, and KFC) ranked sixth, seventh, and ninth individually. Together their sales totaled $16.7 billion, or 12% of the market, and placed YUM! Brands in second place behind McDonald’s. The restaurants in our analysis represent several different segments of the fast food market including burgers (McDonald’s, Burger King, Wendy’s, Sonic, and Dairy Queen), sandwiches (Subway), snacks (Starbucks and Dunkin’ Donuts), Mexican food (Taco Bell), pizza (Pizza Hut and Domino’s), and chicken (KFC).4 The number of U.S. locations of these twelve restaurants totaled almost 100,000 and ranged from approximately 3,500 Sonic restaurants to almost 24,000 Subway restaurants. These twelve restaurants comprised 41% of locations for the top 50 restaurants. Fast food segment Table 2 presents 2008 and 2009 sales data for the twenty largest fast food restaurants in the United States and highlights the twelve restaurants included in our full analysis. In addition to the ten restaurants with the highest...
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