...Gender Roles in Disney Movies It is undeniable that the company that is leading to many generations in their child age is Disney. Who does not remember Mickey and Minnie Mouse?, Who has not thrown a tear when Snow White was poisoned by the evil witch?, Who did not want to ever be in the place of handsome John Smith or Pocahontas herself to revive their love story?, that tender these films, is not it, for example the Little Mermaid and Sebastian the crab song, who does not remember that song from "under the sea”? Has anybody ever wondered why the dwarves themselves did not do the housework when they came home once Snow White "moved in" with them? Or why an Indian as Pocahontas, falls for a murderer of thousands of his countrymen as was John Smith? Or why witches are always bad? Or why women are always in the background in these films (Hubka, Hovdestad & Tonmyr, 2009)? The world of Disney Princess began in 1937 when Snow White entered the world with the Seven Dwarfs (McRobbie, 2008). Since then it continued to add princesses in this world and the most recent movie was Tangled (Rapunzel) in 2011. In the past years, due to the lack of portraying ethnicity, Disney movie makers were highly criticized by their audience. Therefore, Pocahontas appeared in 1995 and after three years in 1998 came Mulan, which created a racially diverse collection of Disney princesses. After a decade The Princess and the Frog was released in 2009. It is important to understand that Disney plays an important...
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...Were you read to as a child? Do you remember your favorite story, or book? It is very possible that you can remember books from your childhood because they are extremely impactful. Children’s books have a huge impact on the development of the children who read them, making even their subliminal messages important. Sometimes, these books are extremely beneficial to the child who reads them. In the case of many books, though, negative subliminal messages are extremely prevalent, biasing the children who read them for life. While some may argue that children’s books are not capable of being harmful, or in this case, sexist, Harry Allard’s work, Miss Nelson is Missing, truly is sexist, as it is full of stereotypes and gender roles, it features...
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...our journey to adulthood. The development of a system by which to lead our adult lives is difficult for all children, but especially for African American children. In addition to defining their personal character, they must define themselves in terms of their culture and nationality – African American and American. One of the ways in which black children create their self-identity is through the illustrations they see in the literature they are exposed to. We look to African American children’s books to help promote self-esteem, cultural identity, and pride for African American children. As books are read to them, children concentrate on the images, and become subject to the impressions these images create. Children’s books that are authentic to African American culture, physicality and intelligence are few and far between. With consideration to our theme, “Black Literary Contemplations on Thomas Jefferson and Western Enlightenment Ideologies of Race and Humanity” and Thomas Jefferson’s Query XIV, it is my belief that the images in children’s literature are important to development of self- identity and esteem in African American children. In Query XIV, in his comparison of whites and blacks, Thomas Jefferson commented on the beauty of whites and blacks, and critiqued blacks because of their “immovable veil of black” and lack of flowing hair. He then stated that black men favored white women over black women as “uniformly as is the preference of Oran-ootans for the black...
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...Sociology of Literature, Children’s Books, and Social Inequality Amy E. Singer, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Sociology Knox College, USA © 2011 Singer. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract This article discusses the complexity of literary analysis and the implications of using fiction as a source of sociological data. This project infuses literary analysis with sociological imagination. Using a random sample of children’s novels published between 1930 and 1980, this article describes both a methodological approach to the analysis of children’s books and the subsequent development of two analytical categories of novels. The first category captures books whose narratives describe and support unequal social arrangements; the second category captures those whose narratives work instead to identify inequality and disrupt it. Building on Griswold’s methodological approach to literary fiction, this project examines how children’s novels describe, challenge, or even subvert systems of inequality. Through a sociological reading of three sampled texts – Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing, A Wrinkle in Time, and Hitty: Her First Hundred Years – readers learn how these analytical categories work and how the sociology of literature might be enriched...
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...Since parents and their involvement and attitude have a crucial role in children’s achievement in English learning, the present study is to explore and evaluate the impact of Iranian parents’ involvement in and attitude toward their children’s foreign language programs for learning English. In other words, the effectiveness of their high level of involvement and strength of attitude will be evaluated. Besides, this study is to explore whether some factors as parents’ gender, knowledge of English, income, and educational background are related in the parents’ involvement and attitude or not. To this end, first a reliable questionnaire, checked through a pilot study, was distributed among 140 parents to get the level of their involvement in...
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...being poor readers at the end of fourth grade (Jenkins & Vadasy, 2000). Countless studies have been conducted to determine the effect of parental involvement on students reading achievement. Observations and interviews suggested that parental activity increased children’s reading skill acquisition or enthusiasm, which, resulted in success in reading. All results indicated that parental involvement in reading has a considerable impact on students reading achievement. The findings support that parental involvement plays a part in fostering children’s cognitive growth and academic success. Research done in this area has been quantitative in nature in that studies have looked at the relationship and/or the cause and effect of parental involvement and reading achievement. There has been little qualitative data collected in this particular area. Statement of the Problem The purpose of this qualitative study is to document the process and experiences of one parent-child pair where the child is in first grade and the parent is of middle class. The initial question to be explored in this proposed project is to what extent does parental involvement have an effect on early reading achievement? Review of Literature The traditional American family is no longer what it used to be. Among the many households of today are unstable conditions. Soaring divorce rates, combined families, and one-parent...
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...Running Head: CHILDREN'S LITERATURE IN A PLURALISTIC SOCIETY Children's Literature in a Pluralistic Society Children's Literature in a Pluralistic Society One benefit to reading and listening to books is they can stretch the attention spans of children. Children’s literature has not always been so extensive and colorful as it is today. At the beginning children’s books read like instruction manuals rather than escapism or a fun educational tool. Even though Children's literature can misconstrue a Childs point of view, Children’s literature is needed to ensure a future because each milestone of children’s literature develops social functions within a pluralistic society. There are five specific key milestones/events/developments of children’s literature that includes social functions within the trends. Puritanism The books from this period were basically “Goodly Godly" books. They were focused on religion and how to obtain passage into heaven. These books did not have rhymes or pictures, but reinforced the way to the Lord and how to remain moral. Even though the books were the same type of books that are known today, they were written specifically for children and teaching. These are the some of the first type of children’s books. The books could be extreme in theme, for example James Janeway's A Token for Children: Being an Exact Account of the Conversion, Holy and Exemplary Lives and Joyful Deaths of Several Young Children (1672) The book consisted of multiple deathbed...
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...socialization of the boy or girl starts from the parents and people around them buying gender specific items. Children’s clothing and toys play a large role in socialization and with the all the stereotypes surrounding gender specific items this seemed like a very interesting area to research. My research question is: How does stereotypes of children’s clothing and toys influence gender identity? Literature Review: In Jane Little and Carol Martin’s (1990) study, “The Relations of Gender Understanding to Children's Sex-typed Preferences and Gender Stereotypes,” “Once children can accurately label the sexes, they begin to form gender stereotypes and their behavior is influenced by these gender-associated expectations. A cognitive component related to the sex-typing process, however, certainly does not preclude the significance of biological and socialization influences” (Little & Martin, 1990, p. 1437). In this study it showed that boys tended to choose more masculine clothing and the girls feminine items like dresses and frilly items. Toys were also presented to the boys and girls; boys choose more masculine typed toys like trucks, tool kits, motorcycles, army men. The girls choose toys more feminine like Barbie dolls, doll clothes, doll and crib, purse and a beauty kit (Little & Martin, 1990). In Clyde W. Franklin II (2010) study, “Becoming ‘Boys,’ ‘Men,’ Guys,’ and ‘Dudes.” Gender roles were discussed in cases where parents treat children differently depending on the...
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...The researcher emphasis is on the children’s literature as literature, rather than creating a book of instructional exercises or teaching aids. The best tools any teacher can have for presenting literature to students are a love of books, a sense of the beauty of language, and a joy in the magic of story. Only then the literature can be shared effectively with children. The Context for Children Literature i. History of Children’s Literature ii. The Study of Childhood iii. The Study of Literature iv. Picture Storybook v. Fantasy In researcher courses, the emphasis on the primary works-the picture books, folktales, poetry, fantasies, realistic novels, and information books. The text is intended as a supplement, to provide background about the...
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...socialization appropriate skills. Emotional competence is based on the emotional intelligence model is defined as the interaction of emotion and cognition. It is generally accepted that studies like this contribute to the body of literature related to the topic. my research question directly relates to the research I gathered from the database, on childhood socialization. This has long been a topic of great interest for some time therefore with my study population and my research I will be able to provide a comprehensive view of the topic. Some other questions to consider as I do my research would consist of: What effect of does preschool have on emotional competence/ What role do parents and teacher have in developing both emotional competence and socialization skills of preschool-aged...
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...University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Open Access Theses and Dissertations from the College of Education and Human Sciences 11-16-2012 Education and Human Sciences, College of (CEHS) Family Environment and School Environment as Predictors for Physical Aggression in Low-Income Children Xiaoyu Li University of Nebraska-Lincoln, whulucy@gmail.com Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cehsdiss Part of the Pre-Elementary, Early Childhood, Kindergarten Teacher Education Commons Li, Xiaoyu, "Family Environment and School Environment as Predictors for Physical Aggression in Low-Income Children" (2012). Open Access Theses and Dissertations from the College of Education and Human Sciences. Paper 164. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cehsdiss/164 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Education and Human Sciences, College of (CEHS) at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Theses and Dissertations from the College of Education and Human Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. FAMILY ENVIRONMENT AND SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT AS PREDICTORS FOR PHYSICAL AGGRESSION IN LOW-INCOME CHILDREN by Xiaoyu Li A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Major:...
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...The Big Five Personality Theory and Gender Identity According to American Psychological Association (2000), personality refers to individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving. The study of personality focuses on two broad areas: One is understanding individual differences in particular personality characteristics, such as sociability or irritability. The other is understanding how the various parts of a person come together as a whole. A number of different theories have emerged to explain different aspects of personality. Some theories focus on explaining how personality develops while others are concerned with individual differences in personality. The following are just a few of the major theories of personality proposed by different psychologists: Behavioral Theories, Psychoanalytic Theories. This paper focus on the Big Five personality dimensions to explain childhood personality development. Big Five Personality theory described the personality in childhood and later in life as a set of variations across five primary dimensions identified by researchers: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness/intellect. Each bipolar factor (e.g., Extraversion vs. Introversion) summarizes several more specific facets (e.g., Sociability), which, in turn, subsume a large number of even more specific traits (e.g., talkative, outgoing) (Gosling, Rentfrow and Swann Jr, 2003). These basic factors can explain and predict...
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...The History of Children’s Literature EDP1: Task 1 Janet Blake Western Governors University Children’s literature is defined many different ways. It can be simply defined as a book that a child reads, or as Kiefer defined it “as the imaginative shaping of life and thought into the forms and structures of language.” (Kiefer, 2010, p.5) Literature has been around for hundreds of years, although not in the form that we are used to seeing now. There have always been stories to be told for as long as one can remember. Before the days of bound books and magazines, there were stories that were told by people in the village around the campfires, or the bards and traveling entertainers telling stories to the court in the castles. This form of literature is labeled as oral literature. Oral literature has been around as long as there has been a language to speak. It is the stories that have been passed on from generation to generation. These stories included folklore, fables, stories about animals, or stories about brave heroes who performed a majestic deed to win the hand of his true love. They were told to both children and adults alike, because children and adults were all treated similarly during this time. In the early years of the fifth century through the fifteenth century this was the avenue for entertainment and to teach many of the lessons that they needed. Children would listen to the stories that the adults would listen to. These stories were often kept or preserved...
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...The Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper was a prominent American Romantic novel during the 19th century that shaped the distinct nature of America. By setting his novel in the American wilderness during the French and Indian War, Cooper explores the unique social and cultural aspects of early America while criticizing certain features. When examined through the lens of gender, James Fenimore Cooper’s The Last of the Mohicans criticizes European men and women for being frail and inferior compared to their Native American counterparts. Cooper illustrates the European men in The Last of the Mohicans as overconfident and fearful in the realm of the Native Americans compared to their humble and bold Indian counterparts. The European men...
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...outside the family. The widespread perception among parents and school officials is that these externalities are significant, though measuring them is difficult due to data and methodological limitations. We estimate the negative spillovers caused by children from troubled families by exploiting a unique data set in which children's school records are matched to domestic violence cases filed by their parent. To overcome selection bias, we identify the effects using the idiosyncratic variation in peers from troubled families within the same school and grade over time. We find that children from troubled families significantly decrease their peers' reading and math test scores and significantly increase misbehavior of others in the classroom. The effects are heterogeneous across income, race, and gender and appear to work primarily through troubled boys. The results are robust to within-sibling differences and we find no evidence that non-random selection is driving the results. It is estimated that between ten and twenty percent of children in the United States are exposed to domestic violence annually (Carlson, 2008). Research in the psychology literature indicates that these children suffer from a number of social and emotional problems including aggressive behavior, depression, anxiety, decreased social competence, and diminished academic performance (Edleson, 1999; Wolfe, et al., 2003; Fantuzzo & Mohr, 1999; Koenen, et al., 2003). There is...
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