...There will be three features of the labour market discussed within this assignment in order to highlight the inequalities. It aims discuss the inequalities amongst the gender factor, the concept of child labour and the links these factors have with unemployment. The argument which explains the gender inequalities within the labour market originates from the 1970s. However, it is fair to state that a lot has changed within society in particular the labour force since then. It is difficult to identify the particular factor that clarifies such segregation but many conclude on the basis of pay discrimination. Other factors to explain gender segregation could relate to comparative biological advantages, underinvestment in human capital, differential income role and entry barriers....(Bettio and Verashchagina (2009) Examples of gender inequality within the work place are common amongst contemporary society and this is because there are continued obvious biases in the labour market. There are hidden practices within the procedures of such institutions. According to Bettio and Verashchagina (2009) organisations lack to identify females’ skills and this inevitably leads to the ‘poor visibility of female skills’. These key thinkers argue that due to these female-dominated roles are often seen to lack such professionalism. This is further explained by justifying that due to this gender segregation...
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...Unequal Outcome of Gender Equality Introduction Gender equality is a sensitive issue that has raised concerns in the society. It is a human right as both genders remains entitled to experience a good living free from any fear. The concept tends to have a deep dwell on the women, who are thought to be less fortunate in society than men. The society has it in mind that empowering women and girls are similar to empowering a whole nation. The empowered section of women is popular since they contribute to an increase in health and productivity of the family and community in respective prospects of the next generation. The concept has been in the application, in the Millennium Development Goal, as an agenda, where the countries did aim at eliminating gender disparities in education before year 2015. The countries also did believe that achievement of this goal would lead to subsequent achievement of the rest of the goals. Contrary to all these concerns, the concept of gender equality has led to unequal issues in the society after extreme concentration on one gender. Some of the methods are in clear illustration in the two articles on the description. Article 1 summary The article is under the Bankrate.com Publishers. It title is Bridging the pay gap between the gender. In this article, the author is concerned of the pay gap that still exists among men and women. The gap is often in many times overlooked, or used as a factor of determining the success in women. Source of data from...
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...Gender equality has three aspects: equal opportunities, equal treatment and equal entitlements for both, men and women. It is directly linked with human development. The author says that patriarchy thrives on control of women’s sexuality, fertility and labour for male hegemony over economic resources. Economic institutions and policy can exacerbate existing gender inequalities instead of mitigating them. Laws and policies too play a significant role in determining the extent of gender inequality that exists in a society. They can serve to protect women’s rights or to reduce them. For example, in many countries, women still lack the legal right to inherit or own property and, in many others, violence against women is not considered a criminal offense. The paper argues that without transformations in economic relations or the implementation and enforcement of legal rights and protection, gender equality and the empowerment of women can remain an elusive goal. Women’s Studies have challenged the conventional indicators of development that focus on urbanization, higher education, mobility of labor, technological development, modernization, infra-structural development, industrialization etc. Through the lens of Gender Economics, the author contextualizes day to day survival struggles of women in the family, in the households, in the community and in the micro and macro economy with the perspective of power relations which control women and girl children's sexuality, fertility...
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...economically, and socially. Although her intent is well-meant; her movement “HeForShe”, along with her address was flawed in many ways. Watson starts off her address by saying “We want to end gender inequality-and to do that we need everyone to be involved.” (Warren) but from there on she only talks about men. Watson patronizes men; unable to see the full spectrum of consequences that come with change, and the illogical statistics and statements that she presents, consequently these flaws have opened the doors to numerous media backlashes. The invitation to men “How can we affect change in the world when only half of it is invited or feel welcome to participate in the conversation? Men-I would like to take this opportunity to extend your formal invitation. Gender equality is your issue too.” (Warren) was patronizing to men as if being formally invited on a magnific stage such as the United Nations headquarters was just the thing us men were waiting for. Mia McKenzie reinforces my idea with her sarcastic remarks “It’s not because of the prevalence of misogyny the entire world over. It’s just that no one’s asked. OMG, why didn’t any of us think to ask?!” Now that we are formally invited let us see what could really happen with gender equality. Cathy Young gives an example of gender inequalities in favor of women but Watson’s “natural consequence” might not be what she had in mind. Young says when talking about child custody cases “…fathers began to fight against more covert anti-male...
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...Living in the 21st century, society may believe that we live in a world of gender equality. A belief that is in fact idealistic. Gender inequality stems from deep rooted cultural ideologies. The enculturation process plays a role in learning gendered norms. Gender roles ascribed to men and women have affect in our society. Social inequalities affect many women in different walks of life. It can be seen in the type of work women obtain and which accounts for the gender wage gap. Gender inequality can also be seen at the educational level. Even though there is gender inequality all around us we we can all strive for gender equality by diminishing the causes of gender inequality. Lets take a step back and analyze what gender inequality truly...
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...Gender Inequality in Workplace In Partial Fulfillment of the Subject Gender and Development The Philippine Women’s University Submitted by: GINEZ, ZEL A. Table of Contents Title Page 1.1 Table of Contents 1.2 Introduction 1.3 Research Questions 1.4 Related Literature and Studies 1.5 Conclusion 1.6 Recommendation 1.7 References 1.8 Introduction The researcher thought about something on how to have a new knowledge about on what’s happening in a work place if it has a gender inequality. Then the researcher conducted a research and found a lot of unfair treatment happens when a workplace has a gender inequality. This is to determine the significance of having a gender inequality in the work place. It can be also a way to open the minds of the others about having a gender inequality in the work place. Some of the other people really don’t have any idea about gender inequality towards the work place. Sometimes the other people just have a knowledge only when they see or hear it on the news. This research might help the other students or individuals to be more knowledgeable about this topic. It might help the other people who is facing the same problem on their workplaces. Though you’re just a student maybe someday it can make a very big difference towards it. Questions 1. Does the other student know about gender inequality towards in a work place? 2. Does the other people really...
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...Gender Wage Gap Since 1964, women have only gained 18 cents on average in terms of equal pay. It is a battle that continues to be fought daily; countless court cases and proposals to enact legislation. The gender wage gap in the United States, unbeknownst to many, exists and is affecting nearly half of the workforce. While there has been progress, such as the Equal Pay Act of 1964 and the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Restoration Act, women still only earn approximately 77 cents to a man’s dollar. There are many common excuses as to why the wage gap between men and women exists but several studies and extensive research reveal that women are simply paid less than their male counterparts working in the same position. Recent legislation has failed...
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...How gender is related to disadvantage in the UK Introduction Gender is the socially ascribed and constituted version of what is thought of as ‘masculine’ and ‘feminine’, and the relations between (Olsen et al, 1990). From time in memorial gender inequality has been a prevalence social hitch and has largely been practiced towards women around the world effecting different aspects of their life. The aim of this essay is to discuss how gender inequalities have evolved in recent decades in the UK. To achieve this, I will commence by presenting a historical insight into gender inequality, identifying the roles and expectations of women and men in society during this period. I will then identify the different forms of inequalities experienced by the genders and how these inequalities have evolved in recent times. In order to fully understand the extent of these inequalities I will discuss the sociological perspectives on the social problem, looking at the works of earlier sociologists and Marxist scholars Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels. I will then identify the policies implemented by the UK government to eradicate all sort of disadvantages associated gender from society and its effectiveness in abolishing the social problem. Finally I will conclude by identifying the benefits and possible boundaries of the UK government’s policies that have been developed to fully eliminate gender disparities from society. For far too long, women have tolerated unfairness at the hands of male...
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...Workplace Inequality: Female Discrimination Over the last 60 years, women have seen their rights evolve and improve; however, many believe the separation between man and woman is still too great especially when it comes to discrimination in the workplace. Today, in the workplace, women face inequality in pay, ability to receive promotions, and ability to obtain a leadership or executive position. Women on average earn .77 to every $1 a man earns and face discrimination and are often overlooked for promotions. In addition, even successful women tend to hit a “glass ceiling” when it comes to receiving leadership roles and executive positions. Women in executive positions also, on average, earn less than men in comparable executive positions. While legislation has been put in place to eliminate workplace discrimination, many believe that it has not done enough and the inequality that exists is still too prevalent. Women saw their rights increase in 1964 when Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This Act is the most important piece of anti-discriminatory legislation in history, as it was a major starting point in ending discrimination. This Act ended discrimination on the basis of race, religion, color, national origin, and gender and required equal access to employment with the creation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). The EEOC regulates workplace discrimination and “Made it unlawful for an employer to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any...
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...in this regard is the underlying societal gender discrimination and the diverse outcome for males and females. This is commonly referred to as gender inequality. According to Dorius and Firebaugh (2010), gender inequality is where one gender possesses an excessively large proportion of valued items, such as political influence, wages or good health. Although every region of the world has developed policies and laws to tackle gender inequality, Asia-Pacific has countries with varying social and economic circumstances. This essay will examine gender inequality in two Asia-Pacific states, namely China and Singapore. The essay will consider employment and family-based gender inequality in each nation and assess the similarities and differences between them. Gender inequality has major impacts on nations, in particular on the Asia-Pacific zone. Francisco (2007) delineates various forms of inequality, namely mortality, natality, basic facility, special opportunity, professional, ownership and household forms of inequality. In this field, Jutting, Morrison, Dayton- Johnson and Drechsler (2008) argue that gender equality is vital to promote economic growth, wealth creation and poverty reduction. As an illustration, the Asia-Pacific region foregoes approximately 2-4 percent of GDP per year due to low female workforce participation rates (UNDP 2014a). Similarly, Plagnol and Scott (2009) cite a leading study that shows women are subject to a “pay penalty”. This is evidenced by females being...
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...INCOME AND GENDER INEQUALITY IN TODAYS WORLD In President Obama 2012 State of the Union, he called it "the defining issue of our time." (CNN). Income inequality is the extent to which there is a distribution of revenue unevenly among the population. Unfortunate this creates a gap between the rich and everyone. It also gives the idea whether income distribution is fair or unfair. Income inequality is growing in the market day by day, and it is calculated based on the population present in the economy. The United States has a comparatively high level of income inequality results from labor market changes, changes in household composition, the shift from industrialized employment to high paying technical services jobs, and lower paying retail trade jobs. The argument has deliberated by some who say that in one way, income inequality can fuel economic growth. According to their argument, a greater portion of the rich's income is not spent on consumables, but instead, they are likely to save and invest more (AAUW). As a result of this, there is predictable economic growth due to the increased investment made by those with high incomes over the years. Income inequality is viewed by most people to be a result of government policies that impact the distribution of revenue among its population (AAUW). Gender income inequality is the gap between the income of men and women among the people in the economy. It is the average difference between male and females aggregate hourly income. Through...
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...Contents Topic 3 Introduction 4 Gender Equality in Workplace 5 Conclusion: 11 References List: 12 Topic Gender equality in the workplace is still a major issue of concern in many countries, including Australia. What is it that makes this such an apparently impossible issue to resolve? Critically examine the implications, of this gender inequality, for efficient and effective work and management practices in companies today. Introduction Gender inequality issue originates from Christian ideology, which advocates traditional thought of “male superiority to female”. In the workplace, gender inequality causes unequal treatment between male and female employees, such as women are typically more difficult to get promotions than male; they do the same work as male but get paid less than men, they even suffer from other issues such as sexual harassment. Sexual harassment exists in most countries including Australia. As long as the society couldn’t reach to gender equality, people’s human rights will be threatened whether people in the workplace, or anywhere else. This essay introduces the histories and background of gender equality, and further examines the gender equality improvement in Australia, as well as the effects of this issue in the workplace. Moreover, there also several suggestions for companies on gender equality promotion and related policies making. Gender Equality in Workplace Grown (2003, p.2) claims that the term ‘Gender Equality’ narrates the measureable...
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...December 10, 2012 Gender Inequality: How Women get the Short Stick Gender equality and gender roles go hand in hand in today’s economy. These two concepts complement each other to the extent in which one must know about both to fully understand the capacity of either. Gender roles are roles each sex is given. These are stereotypical things. For example, things like women cook and males work. In todays economy men and women are not equal. Gender inequality and gender roles are one of our countries biggest issues. Gender is how people are seen by society. This is imprinted in the brain at a young age and is formed and molded through childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and late adulthood. Each stage comes with different ideas about gender and power. Childhood is the point in life where the environment most influences the formation of gender schemas and stereotypes. Gender schemas are an important part of understanding how a person sees the opposite sex. Gender Schemas are “the generalizations that children develop about the differences between boys and girls” (Stevenson 3). On the other hand there is stereotyping. Stereotyping is also process that begins during childhood. Young children know that male stereotypes are high in power whereas female stereotypes convey fear and helplessness. Children are influenced by information about gender from family, peers, and the media (Stevenson 3). This justifies the argument that men and women aren’t treated equal. Gender Roles are evident...
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...One of the most discussed inequalities in the United States is the inequality regarding pay due to gender. People all over the country and even the globe are affected by this inequality. Whether it is unfairness in the workplace due to career choice influenced by gender or more specifically, job title held, payment inequalities are relevant more than ever in today’s society. In this paper I will look into the benefits and consequences of payment inequalities due to gender and recommend why salary should be equal regardless of gender. People preforming the same job duties day by day are not seeing a horizon in the equality of wage based off of work done. Rather they are seeing an inequality due to their gender. Companies with this inequality...
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...Gender Inequality in the Workplace Christian Johnstone DeVry University Gender Inequality in the Workplace A woman, who had spent 23 years working her way up the ranks at a Vermont plastics company, sued the company for wage discrimination. The woman began her career as a secretary at the company and eventually made her way to high-level management. The company hired a male to replace her position when she retired, offering him a starting pay of $10,000 more a year to do the same job she had been doing. The male replacement ended up not working out, so the company asked the woman to return to her previous position. However, the company still didn’t offer her the same salary that they had offered her male replacement. (Lister, n.d.) Examples that are similar to, and far worse than the one mentioned, continue to persist in this country. Women continue to be blatantly discriminated against, and held back from deserved promotions while their male counterparts rise through the ranks in corporate America. Women have made great strides in the last few decades toward gaining workplace equality. However, in a continued effort toward moving forward, there needs to be a promotion of empowerment for women and giving them the autonomy needed to manage their own lives. The reality though, is that the phenomenon referred to as the glass ceiling does exist. “The ‘glass ceiling’ can be described as an ‘invisible, but impenetrable barrier which prevents women from reaching senior positions...
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