...DO STEREOTYPES EVER CHANGE? Many theorists have suggested that stereotyping will be stable as long as the nature of relationship that exists between our group and the stereotyped group is stable (Eagly 1987, Oakes et al., 1994; Tajfel,1981). That is because we construct stereotypes that reflect how we see members of different groups actually behaving, stereotype change should only occur when the relations between the groups change. In addition we generally hold stereotypes that are favorable to our own group in comparison to another group. Unless social conditions shift so that we no longer see in-group favoritism as acceptable, unfavorable stereotypes of groups we are not members of, can be expected to persist. (Spears, Jetten , & Doosje,...
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...and does not recognized anything wrong. However, there are different forms of sexism that need to be recognized. Some of these forms include stereotypes, the presence of gender roles, and the gender gap. Stereotypes and gender roles play an especially large role in teenager’s lives. Some stereotypes for women include being weaker, being bad drivers, being better at cooking, lacking authority, and being more pure and clean. Stereotypes for men include being stronger, being better at sports, being messier, and having careers in math and science. The problem...
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...4/8/13 PROFESSOR: CURTIS MALOLEY Mass media plays an important role in the functioning of our society. On top of that gender identities portrayed in television and film send mix messages to their viewers. Although it may seem to be normal in popular culture today, it indirectly produces negative outcomes. We are manipulated by popular culture in accepting their representation of gender roles. In my essay I plan to prove the wrongful depiction of gender identities in the film “Lying to be perfect.” The movie lying to be perfect is based on the novel the Cinderella pact by Sarah Strohmeyers. Although the director is a male, he illustrates the movie in a different and altered version of Sarah’s novel. The characters analyzed are Nola, Alex, Nancy and Deb. The genre of this movie revolves around comedy, drama and romance. The main character Nola is a magazine editor who is neglected due to her being overweight. Nola is shy and concededly writes a book but authors it as Belinda Apple, although as it being her alter-ego. Nola creates a Cinderella pact with her friends for their journey to health. The hidden identity of Belinda Apple comes into question and Nola is pressure into accepting what “beauty” in the modern world comes to believe. I’ve chosen this movie because of its quality to show the ability of how society affects gender roles particularly women, in the way they present themselves to how they should act. It also portrays hegemonic feminism and...
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...Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation Chelyabinsk State University Faculty of Linguistics and Translation Department of Theory and Practice of the English Language Intercultural Communication Project Stereotypes of gender roles in Egypt and Russia Written by: Elena Yakusheva Group: LIE – 503 Chelyabinsk, 2014 Table of contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………...3 Part one GENDER STEREOTYPES THEORY. …………………………….........6 1.1 Stereotypes: definition and functions…………………………………………..6 1.2 The gender concept……………….. ………………………………………….10 1.3 Gender stereotype: types and functions……………………………………….14 Conclusions on part one………………………………………………...…….......20 Part two. STEREOTYPES OF GENDER ROLES IN EGYPT AND RUSSIA….21 2.1 Research method on the stereotypes of gender roles in Russia and Egypt........21 2.2 The interpretation of the results of the research in Russia……………………21 2.3 The interpretation of the results of the research in Egypt……………………..24 2.4 The comparison of the results and its reasons………………………………...25 Conclusions on part two…………………………………………………………..29 Resources………………………………………………………………………….30 Online resources…………………………………………………………………..32 Appendix………………………………………………………………………….33 Introduction The questions connected with features of a sex of the person and his or her psychological and social distinctions, are among recently the most discussed in society. Today the role of the man and the woman undergoes considerable changes....
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...Gender Stereotype By Menglu Wu Professor T. Hyland Writing 1021G Feb 15th, 2011 The Oxford English dictionary defines stereotype as “a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing”. Society has formed the gender stereotypes that have four dimensions including traits, role behaviors, physical characteristics and occupations (Deaux and Lewis, 1984). I watched one episode of Desperate Housewives which talks about four housewives in the 7th season and found out some American gender stereotypes. Gabrielle, a model who is thin, sexy and beautiful, is married to a rich businessman. She has neither high academic degrees nor a steady job. Her daily routine is spending the money earned by her husband and enjoying lives. No matter how shallow a woman is, she can easily get what she wants if she has a slim figure and good look. Besides, Gaby’s husband is regarded as a successful man because he makes a lot of money and can afford their expensive cars and house. Meanwhile, Lynette was once a successful career woman and the financial support of the whole family. And her husband stayed at home to do the housework. However, she finally quitted her job and went back home to take care of her children and husband. From this result, men should be viewed as financial providers, whereas women should be viewed as caretakers. Last of all, the housewives have neighbors who are gays. When they moved in the town at first, they were not welcomed...
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...Whilst researching this topic I found one source that explained it really well and covered all the reason why to think before you speak and why it’s important. That source is a blog post to the huffington post by Joanne Tombrakos. In this blog post she mentions 5 reasons why you should think before you speak. The first of the five reasons is a topic I talked about before and it’s that words have power and can affect people3. The second of the 5 reasons is that words define who you are meaning that you’re not judged by your appearance, race or gender but by your actions and words so if you say a lot of a sexist or racist things people will think you’re a sexist or a racist3. the third of the 5 reasons is again that words can hurt and help people and you should think about that3. the fourth of the 5 reasons is that your choice of words reflects your intelligence and your ignorance meaning that if you constantly use swear words and the simplest of language people will think you’re stupid and you’re not a very well behaved person3. the fifth of out the 5 reasons is that the words you use and the things you say define you as a person and as an individual3. reading through Joanne’s blog post made me realise that the 5 key points she mention are true and should be thought about before you...
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...1. In your own words, please define the following terms and provide at least two original examples, not mentioned in the book, of the terms to illustrate your understanding of the concept. a. Gender Roles, these are what are commonly accepted duties in our culture that are related to what sex you are. Examples would be that the man of the house is expected to mow the grass, and the woman of the house is expected to cook all the meals. b. Gender Stereotypes, these are beliefs that are commonly thought of as truths, that are related to what sex you are, and examples of this would be that a man is tough, strong, smart, and can fix anything. Also a woman would be loving, kind, and a natural mother. c. Gender Stratification, is the way that our...
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...born, our parents begin to identify us by our genders. The way they take care of us and the way they speak to us help others identify whether we are males or females. Many people don’t realize that the way they treat their children determine the way they think when they grow older. Even though every person is born with their own minds and their own hearts, the way they are brought up can alter the personalities of their offspring. If a male is born, they are typically dressed in harsher colors, such as blue and gray. If a female is born, however, they are typically dressed in lighter tones, such as pink and peach. Males are told to wear loose fitting clothes, like t-shirts, loose jeans, and sneakers, while females are encouraged to wear things that appear cute, such as dresses, hairbands, and flats. Because of this, they are conditioned to believe that they are meant to wear specific types of clothing, because throughout their lives, they were told ‘girls are meant to wear this and boys are meant to wear that.’ When they grow older, they still believe that, and they heed their parents’ words. Seldom do I spot a kindergarten boy wearing a dress to school, and rarely do I see a kindergarten girl with a short haircut. Their parents are also brought up thinking that their kids are meant to look a certain way, and they pass that knowledge onto their children hoping that their grandchildren will also fit into the social norms of gender. While I do agree that parents should condition...
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...Gender Stereotyping in Advertising In the Swiffer® commercial, Morty Are You Listening? We meet Lee and Morty, an older married couple who are showing us how Swiffer® makes cleaning so much easier for Lee, the wife. We see Morty telling Lee to be careful climbing up on a stool to dust the top of a cabinet and saying, “There has to be an easier way.” This is a major gender stereotype. Morty could have climbed on the stool and dusted himself. After they receive the Swiffer® duster, we see Lee making her way around the house and dusting different areas. As she is dusting, she is talking to Morty and commenting about what a great job the Swiffer® is doing. They show Marty yawning, while Lee is talking to him. As Lee continues to talk to him, they show Morty fast asleep. This is another gender stereotype. The man of the house relaxes and falls asleep, while the woman cleans around him. For the older generations in the United States, many women will not have a problem with this. This was how they were raised and how they have lived for most of their lives. However, many women in the younger generations would most likely find this commercial offensive. They are being raised in homes where the woman can be the major breadwinner, while the man stays home and takes care of the house. It seems as though, the manufacturer is implying that women are the only ones who clean the home, while the man will sit and watch or eventually fall asleep. If the manufacturer...
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...Name Professor’s name Course number Date Gender Stereotypes in Media The mass media plays a significant role in the contemporary society. It provides broadcast information at a fast race and gives entertainment to audiences from diverse social backgrounds. Mass media is made up of press, books, magazines, radio, television, and internet. The internet is the most embraced medium in the contemporary society where digital technology dominates. Nevertheless, TV also has a wide influence in the society. By creating and conveying certain type of information to the audience, media can manipulate the attitudes and opinions of people. In this study, we intend to discuss problems associated to media influence through an investigative study of its commercial structure. The study also tries to specify gender stereotypes as used in persuasive advertising technique. Humans organize their knowledge about the world sorting and simplifying the information they receive (Gu 291). They tend to establish cognitive schemes that are certain representations of reality portraying its basic elements and features (Everett 387). The schemes developed by humans are responsible for the definition of our perception and view of the world. They have significant influence our social understanding, situation, anticipation and emotional control. The most common type of these schemes used for social orientation in our environment is stereotypes (Darling 153). The stereotypes scheme represents the opinions and perceptions...
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...Something as involuntary as your gender can have a huge impact on how you are perceived by others and how you perceive event. Previous studies state that women are expected to be the victim of an violent crime (Little), because they are seen as vulnerable and defense less. Therefore, it is the man’s job to protect women from potential danger (Stroud). Also, men taught as boys that to be a man you must be fearless and be able to protect. So, these boys grow up with the notion that as long as they were “manly”, they would be safe from violence. Interestingly, women are taught to be passive resulting in women reporting more feelings...
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...the majority of working women are also responsible for housework, cooking, and other homemaking tasks. The topic of sharing household duties is one of the primary sources of dissatisfaction for couples, especially in the early years of marriage and when both spouses work outside the home. Like other responsibilities that are shared in married life, homemaking is an important part of building a life-giving partnership, one that respects the dignity, the needs and the abilities of both spouses. When the husband does accept some chores it is usually the chores of the children, not actually sharing in equal measure the burdens of family leadership. Recently I was reading an article geared towards working women. The article discussed gender norms, specifically in communities of color. The big center of the debate was referring to men as the head of the household. The argument was deciding whether or not usage of this term was antiquated in today’s climate, or whether it was still relevant. Personally, calling a man head of the household gives him pride in his family. It is supposed to be his spiritual role in a Christian household. Judging by the growing and disproportionate number of single mothers out there, this ideal of men being the cornerstone of their families seems to be a necessity now more than ever. So honestly, what is the harm in bestowing this title upon our men? Of course, the trick is to make a man feel like he’s head of the household, when really women...
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...Male biased exist due to the fact that women do not constitute a majority of the world population, and are often outnumbered by men physically, and vocally. Values linking prestige and masculinity resulted in the exclusion of women geographers from university professorships whether adjunct or tenure track. In Europe and North America, it has been stated that women outnumber the men. Women geographers and of the professional practices in American geography have a very good work ethic and studious demeanor in academia. Although women were challenged in obtaining teaching positions among their male colleagues from undergrad, who have matriculated to grad, have finished and I now have been given an opportunity to teach in higher Education. The “Oh Boy” network prevents the male biased perspective of women geographers to decline. Now matter how many credentials an educated female geographer is, she will never have a chance to outperform her male colleague in research, design or any other attribute. Most chauvinistic male geographers will be very cordial to female geographers in undergrad school or graduate school. However, when these men enter the workforce, most of the time they completely forget about their female alumni geographers that are in search for lucrative job opportunities. Field Work For any student to consider Field course work in Geography, they must be quite courageous and committed to their dreams in geography. This is the type of spunk Zonia Baber, Virginia...
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...movies use of soccer is one of the key ways that the film attempts to reconstruct gender for Jess and Jules. In a 2003 interview director Gurinder Chadha explained why she based the film on the male soccer player David Beckham rather than say a female soccer star like Mia Ham. The ode to the soccer star is because “he’s famous for bending the ball, which I think is a great metaphor for a lot of us, especially girls. We can see our goal but instead of going straight there, we too have to twist and bend the rules sometimes to get what we want” (Morales). Women like Jess and Jules must bend the rules because at every opportunity they are kept out. The United Kingdom does not have a professional league for women and therefore Jess and Jules must “bend” and...
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...regarding discrimination of male students and nurses, the strengths that can be shown are the results of the study bringing to light the discrimination towards the male in the nursing field and how to counteract gender discrimination in nursing studies. By doing so, schools and hospitals can address these issues and create make opportunities for males within the nursing field. The study begins to have limitations is the use of case studies and literature. “Case studies are by their nature subjective and give weight to only one side of the argument, and literature review is limited to collecting information about what has happened in the past… However, cases studies provide examples that may help in challenging, analyzing, and/or forming a gender-equality strategy” (Kouta & Kaite, 2010). This study cannot be used by researchers to generalize to other populations. In nursing, the profession is mostly comprised of females. In other professions, the ration of women to men compared to nursing varies greatly. If researchers try to generalize these findings to other countries, the feedback from those countries would vary as well. Different cultures and practices influence these populations; many of which do not fall under the same situation. In conclusion, gender stereotypes are present in the nursing profession. With these findings, “Nursing faculty should prepare nursing students to interact with female clients and provide counselors to discuss problems that emerge during their training...
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