...A foremost feminist Ann Oakley distinguishes between sex and gender where she says, ‘‘sex’ is a biological term: ‘gender’ a psychological and cultural one. Common sense suggest that they are merely two ways of looking at the same division and that someone who belongs to, say, the female sex will automatically belong to the corresponding (feminine) gender. In reality this is not so. To be a man or a woman, boy or a girl, is as much a function of dress, gesture, occupation, social network and personality, as it is of possessing a particular set of genitals.’ (Oakley, 1972:158). Sex as Oakley said refers to the biological difference of being a male or female which can be usually fixed, while gender is the cultural differences between men and women in the society and it can change over time. In societies women and men are expected to behave in ways which are usually expected of them. The differences with sex and gender yet, the perception have different connections. This means despite the fact that sex is biological and gender is social, social definitions are often given to biological attributes, and indeed, most social connotations arise from biological attribute. For example, the reference to women as the weaker sex has a biological base their possession of less physical strength relative to men. Analysing the statement made by Marchbank and Letherby (2007) which says, ‘Sex is deemed to be natural whereas gender is seen as the social expression of natural, biological differences...
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...Gender and Society Paper 3 Question 1- -Interplanetary Theory of Gender: It focuses on on the differences between men and women. These are biological and evolutionary differences, and it is almost as if men and women are so different that they are from different planets. An example from class is that men are more aggressive because of testosterone, and women are more nurturing, there is no way they could be the same. -Unconscious Bias: It is a bias that we have (based on socialism and experiences) that we do not even know we obtain. An example is the Orchestra Hiring Experiment. When knowing that a man was playing, they were more likely to be hired, but when you could not tell which gender was playing, it turned out to be more equal. -Denial of Responsibility: People are aware that there is injustice in the treatment between the genders, but it is not their fault and there is nothing they can do about it. An example are the Walmart managers. They had a requirement that they employee be able to relocate 100 miles away. If they notice a woman resign because of this requirement, there is nothing they can do to make them stay. -Status Belief: A widely held belief about the competence and worth of a group in society. It shapes behavior by affecting the sense of how others expect out of us. An example from class is the social influence example from Wagner, Ford, Ford 1986. Men and women had to work together on a problem. If the person had the most social influence, they are...
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...ty and Gender Social Movements and Gender Kamron Hymon January 19, 2015 When it comes to today's society, women have fought very hard in order to be recognized. Back in the 1900s it was very hard for women to be who they wanted to be without being told how to act or what they had to do and also being told no with many things. The men seen us as home workers as well as baby makers. Women were not allowed to voice their opinions, and they also were not allowed to vote. It felt like they were in prison. Women started to gain their own sense of independence and being when the social movements captivated them. The three social movements that have changed the women would be education and literacy, marriage and reproduction, and also woman and the work and economic life. All of these aspects have given women the empowerment that they were deprived from back in the day. This helps to make women stronger, as we are not told what we can and can't do. Literacy and Education When it comes to women's education as well as the ability to further their degrees, this was always a huge factor of independence. The education seems to raise as the age of women want to start bearing children and also when they restrict their fertility over the course of their life. The first step is basic literacy. There are large portions of the world that can not read. The countries also vary a very great deal on how they educate their populations...
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... Final Project Vasthy Mendoza Gender and Society: Final Project April 29, 2010 Karen Lloyd Kaplan University Men are the breadwinners and women are the homemakers Ever since the 1960’s and 70’s women have been discriminated and it has effected every day life. Is it right to say that male is the superior gender, and should we not question what they do? Should us women only do what we are stereotyped to do and let the men get by with it so easy? Women eventually got tired of being stereotyped and starting fighting back. In the 1960’s women fought for their rights and although it was a struggle they continued forward and succeeded in what they wanted to see change. In the U.S. many women’s groups were formed to reject or change laws that forced discrimination in things such as contract and property rights to employment and pay. One of those groups include the National Organization for Women or also known as NOW. In 1966 this organization was founded by Betty Friedan to support equal rights for women, especially in the workforce. The organization grew tremendously with 500,000 members both women and men. Susan B. Anthony, a feminist, made this motivational quote: “It was we, the people; not we, the white male citizens; nor yet we, the male citizens; but we, the whole people, who formed the Union.” One of the biggest workplace challenges that women will come across revolve around gender. Why is it that females still to this day...
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...In the past few weeks the reading in this book has increased my awareness and understanding of the complexities of American society and culture. The readings in this book had alluded me the opportunities to see the lives of other Americans. The United States of America is a very diverse place to live and no one person has the same story. Identity is a group of characteristic that makes us who we are. The book suggest “that a person’s identity begins when a child first recognizes his or her mother as a separate being, who in turn recognizes the child as an individual. From there, however, we go through innumerable developmental stages, as we perceive and accept or reject the values and distinctions established by our particular lifestyle” (Rusciano...
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...3 Gender role in rural society ( in the context of “Refugeepara”) : A matter of nurture, not nature. 3.1Introduction: “Bishshe ja kichu mohan srishti Chiro kollankor, Ordhek tar koriyache nari Ordhek tar nor.” Or “ Everything that is great in the world, all the works, beneficial and good, half must be credited to woman, and to man half only we should.” The above stated poetic verses by the famous poet Kaji Nazrul Islam reflects the mutual need of both men and women for any kind of success. Without the equal contribution of both men and women, nothing can be achieved. Gender role also plays significantly in a vast change of a society. By nature, every human being is different from one another and when coming to men and women, each of them is fully distinct from one another. Their role changes depending on which society they are belongs to. Before going into the extensive discussion about how the gender role of the rural society of “refugeepara” is regulated, it is needed to know the definition of gender role. 3.2 What is Gender Role? : 3.3 Objective: 3.4 Procedure: 3.6 Gender role in Decision-making: 3.7 Gender role in family planning: 3.8 Property rights according to Gender role: 3.9Daily activities during sowing season: 3.9 Daily...
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...Stereotype: Body of a person. According to (Northampton, Mecartney 2016), females body or males body could run a problem in a free society. Body stereotyping to people must be permitted before they will use for advertising. Not only in advertising but also in books, films, televisions and many more. According to SedaMayy, the media is and has been greatly effecting our youth, teaching them that it is better to be narcissistic and sycophantic then to simply be themselves and like what they want to. As a youth, we are constantly bombarded with body images and stereotypes that we “should” be or follow. Although the sexes differ on some parameters of body image, the present experiment was conducted to determine the manner and extent to which the...
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...Third Genders in Cultural Societies M’Tisha Garnett ANT 101 Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Instructor: Larissa Begley February 3, 2014 In society today should the Hijra and Two Spirit be recognized as gay men in their culture rather than Third Gender? Studies have shown that these Third Gender groups choose not to label themselves as male or female, but prefer a female appearance and male companionship. This way of life has resulted in a high rate of HIV/AIDS in their communities. There are many Third Gender groups in different cultures such as the Fa’afafine in Polynesia, Sworn Virgins from the Balkins and the Hijra’s from South Asia. Hijra who of the Third Gender have since the late 90’s been recognized as a third gender by their county but they are still dealing with acceptance in their society. Although a lot of these Third Gender groups been around for centuries and some hold a spiritual meaning, that is not much of the case today. Third Genders such as Hijra and Two-Spirits are not seen in society as spiritual beings anymore, they are being labeled transsexual, transgender, or gay. Because of their status and lack of money and education they have been forced into prostitution with the same sex, exposing them to HIV and AIDS which is plaguing their community. The hijras are a religious community of men who dress and act like women and whose culture centers on the worship of Bahuchara Mata, one of the many versions of the Mother Goddess worshipped throughout...
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...Gender Roles as Perceived by the American Society Introduction The issue regarding gender roles is a very sensitive matter. For centuries, this issue has been debated. The campaigns seeking to promote gender equality have become so common in the contemporary society. They have yielded success, but only to some extent. However, the challenge of gender bias is still prominent in the society. Our ancestors perceived women as men's helpers. In today's society, women have made a significant breakthrough and have managed to compete in the so-called male-dominated fields. Women have a significant role in the entertainment industry. Females such as Beyonce, Rihanna and Nicki Minaj are very influential in this industry. Women still remain vulnerable...
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...Gender Issues in a Diverse Society My biographical background is Haitian. As a little girl in my culture we were taught to cook and clean. I was also taught to respect my elders and authority figures. As long as I can remember my mother always made sure we attended mass every Sunday. Our religion was and still is Roman Catholic. Me and my sister were raised by a tough single mom; who gave us what we needed not what we wanted. She always made sure she showed us love but, was not afraid to discipline us when we got out of line. My mother had a quote she always told me and my sister “Don’t take my kindness for weakness”. When she said those words to us we knew we better get it together before she gets us. The culture expectations for men is to make something of themselves; so when or if they have a family they can be financially stable. Nowadays, if a man or woman leaves Haiti to come to the United States they would be expected to take care of their family back home. For some reason people in Haiti have this perception that the United States is easy to live in; and money comes from trees and you do not have to work hard for what you have. That dream is quickly squashed until they actually come here and see for themselves how it really is to live in the United States. My initial thoughts of gender issues were the basic upbringing in male and female. Now, that I have started reading and discussing this topic it definitely involves much more. I thought that this...
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...Gender has had a large effect on consumption of products and services in the Irish society. Gender roles have changed over time in the Irish society; women have gone from the traditional roles of housewives to having professional occupations. Changing gender roles in the Irish society has lead to many difficulties for marketers. To be male or female can be defined biologically, but masculinity and femininity are socially constructed. The image of masculinity and femininity differ due to cultural aspects and change over time. Early advertising and brand building were aimed at women in the Irish society as the consumer was seen as a female role. Products and services of less significance such as domestic brands were aimed at women. Adverts for domestic brands often represented women to be naive and foolish. The washing detergent adverts for Ajax Laundry Detergent in the 1960’s portrays the foolish housewife. “The housewife was a uniformed and classless persona precisely because marketers could for the first time unite women from different backgrounds under the same banner” (Giles, 2004) Due to marketers the perceived image of a woman’s role was a housewife. This image of a woman who cooks, cleans and takes care of the children was a learned image in the Irish society. From a young age we were exposed to housewife role through children’s programs, television soap operas films and television adverts. This image of the traditional housewife was broke in the late 1980’s and early...
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...Kani Kubari Period 3 11/3/15 Word Count: 312 Reflective Statement #1: Gender roles Before the presentation I had little knowledge on the difference of Greek male and woman roles. My understanding in the gender roles in Greek vs. modern society was not furthered during this presentation. The interactive oral presentation gave me minimum help. The group repeated the same information in some if not all of their slides. I felt like I got most of what they were giving to me in the first slide. They could have broken the information into pieces and then have gone in depth on a specific topic. They were all focusing more on the general statement of Greek vs. modern society rather than targeting, for example, the different jobs or the behavioral...
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...Alternate Gender Roles in Native American and Hindu Societies Sara Boater Anthropology 101: Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Cal Overton January 09, 2014 While many cultures have defined societal gender roles that are specifically male or female, there are some cultures that also recognize that some individuals belong to an alternate gender role. Individuals that may participate in alternate gender roles are those that are born as male of female, but identify themselves as being the opposite of their biological sex. These individuals may also be only sexually attracted to members of the same sex as well. Some cultures recognize this alternate gender role, and even consider them to be holy, others may be more judgmental and may even harbor prejudice and hatred. While the reasons that people might identify themselves as a gender that is opposite of their own may be mostly the same from culture to culture, they way that they are viewed is usually quite different. It can also be said that many cultures choose not to even recognize alternate gender roles within their societies,which is usually because these individuals are highly misunderstood. Though many cultures end up fearing what they don't understand, there are two that have at one time embraced and celebrated the people that identified with the alternate gender roles. The Native Americans have their Two Spirits, and Indians have their Hijra. These two cultures may share many similar traits...
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...world where it is morally wrong for a women to be seen as a sexual object. The phenomenon of sexual objectification is a well known form of pop culture and is the portraying of the female body to be used to serve as a person's sexual pleasure. It is seen everywhere from advertising to news and reality TV shows. Gender stereotypes play a huge role in how women are viewed today. To tell if something is showing a woman as a sexual object, you see if the overall ‘lesson’ is learned by using a females body parts. Gender roles plays a crucial role in today’s time. There are major differences in the Novel The Crucible and Colonial Puritans societies compared to today’s society....
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