...along with it. I thought it was extremely interesting that we have the same about of genes as a fly. I can see how that would bother some people, but I think it was extremely interesting to find that out. They made a comment like “how could a fly learn how to invent something”. Then someone responded and said “do you know any humans that know how to fly”. That was extremely interesting because that just proved to me that we all have the same amount of genes, but just different genes. Gene therapy was honestly...
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...in developing effective treatments is an indicator of the efficacy of gene therapy. Haemophilia treatment is effective in curbing the severe bleeding phenotype. Mucus in the lungs resulting from cystic fibrosis has been maintained at the same level instead of further degenerating. The treatment shows a well-tolerated response, but does however need to stimulate a better recovery. Down syndrome has not been treated using gene therapy, but indications of development have been shown with chromosome suppressing technology. Cancer is a likely target for the effective use of gene therapy as an alternative treatment. With acknowledged successes, further investigation can occur...
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...livestock to get a good harvest or big cow. 1883 was when the term started referring to humans. Eugenics became popular in early 20th century. The experimenting and testing was going in good direction until the idea of it was turned into justifying genocide. In the present, this procedure is used safely and effectively for positive outcomes. So if parents want to alter genes to make the baby healthier or if they just want to pick eye color, they should be able to. While I do feel there is no reason to not have the procedure for the betterment of your child, I do feel its not fair to claim that it is right and that's that.” “ Many peoples opinions about this are effected by religion and morals and who am I to say that they are wrong. Although it is very safe and advanced, there is a risk that things could turn out not how the parent expected. People believe that babies should be how god intended, and there is nothing wrong with thinking like that. C. although many people believe this procedure is unethical, and there opinion is just as valuable as anyone elses, it is no less ethical to alter your childs genes than to choose a religion or have them play sports. Its parenting and decisions that...
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...Gene therapy fact sheet 1. What is a gene therapy? * Gene therapy is an experimental way of using genes to treat or prevent disease. * Gene therapy is an experimental technique for treating disease by altering the patient's genetic material. Most often, gene therapy works by introducing a healthy copy of a defective gene into the patient's cells. 2. Methodology of gene therapy In general, genetic material cannot be inserted directly into a person's cells. Instead, it is delivered to the cells using a carrier, or “vector.” The vectors most commonly used in gene therapy are viruses, because they have the unique ability to recognize certain cells and insert genetic material into them. Scientists alter these viruses to make them safer for humans (e.g., by inactivating genes that enable them to reproduce or cause disease) and or to improve their ability to recognize and enter the target cell. 3. How gene therapy is applied or works As this is still an experimental treatment, the way in which gene therapy is given may vary or change as new techniques develop. Initially, cells are taken from a blood sample. The genes are isolated and changed (engineered) in the laboratory. They are then attached to a chemical or inserted into a vector. Then the changed genes within the carrier are usually given by a drip into a vein (intravenously), through a small tube (cannula) inserted into the vein. They may be given directly into the tumour by injection, which...
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...Gene Therapy SCI115 Introduction to Biology Professor Cassie Prisco November 28, 2014 Gene therapy is a rapidly growing field of medicine in which genes are introduced into the body to treat diseases. It is the name applied to the treatment of inherited diseases by corrective genetic engineering of the dysfunctional genes. It is part of a broader field called genetic medicine, which involves the screening, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of hereditary conditions in humans. The results of genetic screening can pinpoint a potential problem to which gene therapy can sometimes offer a solution. Genes represent the genetic material that organisms pass on from generation to generation. Therefore, genes are responsible for controlling hereditary traits and provide the basic biological code or blueprint for living organisms. Genes produce protein such as hair and skin as well as proteins that are important for the proper functioning of organs. Mutated or defective genes often cause disease. The purpose of gene therapy is to replace a defective gene with a normal copy of the same gene in attempt to restore function. Initially conceived as an approach for treating inherited diseases, like cystic fibrosis and Huntington's disease, the scope of potential gene therapies has grown to include treatments for cancers, arthritis, and infectious diseases. Although gene therapy testing in humans has rapidly advanced, in general, the field of gene therapy has proven to be problematic...
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...Current research on cystic fibrosis gene therapy suggests that it will become an important treatment strategy INTRODUCTION: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disease, triggered by mutation in the gene CFTR i.e. cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. CFTR is an ABC gene i-e ATP-binding cassette (transporter) gene that encodes a protein. This CFTR protein is a chloride ion channel protein that controls the flow of chloride ions and water across the cells. This movement is important in generating sweat, digestive juices, as well as mucus secretion and its clearance. This CFTR gene is located at q 31.2 locus of chromosome 7 long arm. The most common mutation in cystic fibrosis is removal of three nucleotides that results in loss of a nucleotide phenylalanine (F) at 508th position at the long arm of chromosome 7. Depending upon the protein expression and function six classes of mutations have been identified in cystic fibrosis: CLASS I: these are non-sense mutations that hinder the protein synthesis as they have premature stop codons. CLASS II: these mutations are most commonly found in patients of cystic fibrosis that include the deletions of phenylalanine 508th del. As a result of this deletion, protein folding is reduced and as a result its transport to cell surface is impaired and it undergoes degradation within the cellular lysosomes. CLASS III: in these mutations, proteins are normally present but are not expressed to a level that responds to intracellular...
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...John Wells English 112 25 February 2015 Many individuals would argue that there are many causes for depression. Before getting into some of the contributing factors, many statistics show us that depression is hereditary and if your mother and father suffered from depression, then you yourself may find that you are more likely to be diagnosed as well ( Berger, Joshua L. 5). Clinical depression, also known as major depression or depression is defined as a mood disorder that may occur only once in an individual’s lifetime or in groups of episodes that typically last anywhere from 9 to 16 months ( Berger, Joshua L. 8). Statistics show that depression is hereditary and can be passed down from generation to generation.. This is an argumentative topic that I feel must be brought into the open as not many people who suffer from it realize that they are actually going through it and just how serious it can be. Those who are fortunate to have people to talk to have an opportunity to help themselves, but there are many who do not even know of the existence of this illness. With this paper, I aim to show how depression differs from the sadness or gloom everyone goes through at some periods in their lives. Along with that, I also aim to argue that depression is not at all uncommon and as extraordinary as people feel and think it to be, as statistics argue that 1 out of 4 individuals will suffer from depression at some point in their life (Barglow, Peter, M.D. 12). Many would argue...
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...October 28, 2013 Argumentative Essay ADHD and Medicine for Children When you think of zombies what do you imagine? Do you imagine green, bloody, brain-eating monsters or small, skinny, sleep deprived children? In many cases this is what ADHD medicine turns many children into – zombie-like creatures. Stephanie’s daughter, Hannah, had always been a handful. Even as a preschooler, she would tear through the house like a tornado, shouting, roughhousing, and climbing on the furniture. Nothing seemed to have Hannah’s attention for very long. She would run away in the grocery store or in the mall. It was a full-time job parenting Hannah. Stephanie thought that her little girl was a normal child that got overly excited sometimes. Hannah’s second grade teacher began to notice how hard it was for her to calm Hannah down when she got too excited in class, so she talked to Stephanie about Hannah’s inattentiveness and disruptive behavior. “It was a struggle to get her to do simple tasks such as, homework, coloring, and brushing her teeth. She was so energetic and hyper all of the time. She couldn’t stay focused on anything for long. She would get annoyed and move on to the next thing that caught her attention,” Stephanie says. Her concerns lead her to Hannah’s pediatrician who recommended an evaluation for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. ADHD is a common behavioral disorder that affects an estimated eight to ten percent of school-age children. Boys are about three times...
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...Psychiatric disorders, diseases, and drugs Psychological disorders and diseases are common among people throughout the world as well as it being a common situation people also have to suffer or deal with the consequences. Psychological disorders are disorders that can be consider malfunctions of the brain that interrupt or interfere with their daily living. Many people have suffered with different disorders and diseases such as schizophrenia, depression, mania, anxiety disorder and Tourette syndrome. There are some treatments of psychological disorders that range from cognitive or behavioral therapy to medication treatment. Research has shown that some psychological disorders can be passed down from generation to future generations. Through research it has been proven that mental disorders can often be related to violence or higher rates of aggression. Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that makes it difficult to tell the difference between real and unreal experiences, to think logically, to have normal emotional responses and to behave normally in social situations. Commonly associated with the concept of madness, schizophrenia attacks about 1% of people of all races and cultural groups that typically begins in the adolescence stages of life or early adulthood (Pinel, 2009). When being diagnosed with schizophrenia, psychiatrists are guided by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) which is produced by the American Psychiatric Association...
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...Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by a breakdown of though process and by deficit of typical emotional responses. This is characterized as psychosis as people suffering from this disorder are not in touch with reality. Symptoms of schizophrenia include positive, negative and secondary symptoms. According to Schneider, positive symptoms include hallucinations whereby you hear voices- usually arguments, repeating of thoughts, derogatory, obscene voices which may order the patient to commit acts of violence. Positive symptoms also include delusions whereby patients believe other people are trying to harm them as well as personal grandeur where they believe they are much greater, more powerful and more influential than they really are. According to Slater and Roth, negative symptoms of schizophrenia include a lack of energy, lack of interest in life and hygiene as well as the inability to make decisions. This is referred to as avoilation. Thought process disorder is also another negative symptom. This is the inability to keep to the point, words are thrown together and the inability to finish sentences. Patients experiencing negative symptoms of schizophrenia may also experience loss of emotional responses as well as sudden mood change. Secondary symptoms are additional symptoms that occur from having schizophrenia. These include depression, loss of job and friends etc. There are three main types of schizophrenia. Disorganised, catatonic and paranoid schizophrenia...
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...BTEC National 90 Credits/ Diploma in Health and Social Care Level 3 Unit 8: Psychological Perspectives for Health and Social Care Assignment Workbook 2013-2014 | Unit 8: Psychological Perspectives for Health and Social Care Overview of the unit This unit highlights the different psychological perspectives and encourages learners to apply these approaches to the study of health and social care. The value of psychological studies to the understanding of health and social care will also be examined. Learners will initially consider the meaning of the term ‘theories’ in the context of psychology, and will begin to appreciate the diversity of psychological theories as they progress through the unit. Learners will examine the principal psychological perspectives and then apply them to the health and social care sectors to gain understanding of the potential value of psychology in these sectors. On completion of this unit learners will have considered the psychological approach to studying health and social care. The unit encourages reflection, and will be valuable to those learners intending to work with people in a caring capacity. Learning outcomes On completion of this unit a learner should: 1 Understand psychological perspectives 2 Understand psychological approaches to health and social care. Grading criteria for the unit: To achieve a pass grade the evidence must show that the learner is able to: P1 explain the principal...
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...(Wells, The 11 most toxic vaccine ingredients and their side effects., 2012b) Scott A. Goodman EN1320-E4 01-12-2013 Thesis Professor L. Hansen Scott A. Goodman EN1320-E4 01-12-2013 Thesis Professor L. Hansen The Following will include my homework for Chapters 7.3 and 7.5 from our student textbooks. The Following will include my homework for Chapters 7.3 and 7.5 from our student textbooks. 2012 2012 Class Project: Thesis Class Project: Thesis The following will include our class project of writing an argumentative Thesis. It will project my opinion and supporting arguments of my viewpoint. The following will include our class project of writing an argumentative Thesis. It will project my opinion and supporting arguments of my viewpoint. The FDA negatively effects the lives of everyone in the world with their desire to control enslave and poison everyone on a global scope. The FDA, Big Pharmaceuticals, and Governments make trillions of dollars, not caring for the health or welfare of the population of the world. There is massive corruption between these organizations with very strong ties. Big Pharmaceuticals such as Bayer, Mereck, BASF, Monsanto, and Pfizer are just a few of the influential lobbing companies, with strong ties to the FDA government regulators of products Pharmaceutical companies produce and invest heavily in. Keeping the masses sick, controlled, and monopolizing every aspect they can. From food, crops, medicine, natural...
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...Chapter 1 SIGMUND FREUD AN INTRODUCTION Sigmund Freud, pioneer of Psychoanalysis, was born on 6th May 1856 in Freiberg to a middle class family. He was born as the eldest child to his father’s second wife. When Freud was four years old, his family shifted and settled in Vienna. Although Freud’s ambition from childhood was a career in law, he decided to enter the field of medicine. In 1873, at the age of seventeen, Freud enrolled in the university as a medical student. During his days in the university, he did his research on the Central Nervous System under the guidance of German physician `Ernst Wilhelm Von Brucke’. Freud received his medical degree in 1881and later in 1883 he began to work in Vienna General Hospital. Freud spent three years working in various departments of the hospital and in 1885 he left his post at the hospital to join the University of Vienna as a lecturer in Neuropathology. Following his appointment as a lecturer, he got the opportunity to work under French neurologist Jean Charcot at Salpetriere, the famous Paris hospital for nervous diseases. So far Freud’s work had been entirely concentrated on physical sciences but Charcot’s work, at that time, concentrated more on hysteria and hypnotism. Freud’s studies under Charcot, which centered largely on hysteria, influenced him greatly in channelising his interests to psychopathology. In 1886, Freud established his private practice in Vienna specializing in nervous diseases...
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...RESEARCH and WRITING CUSTOM EDITION Taken from: Writing Research Papers: A Complete Guide, Eleventh Edition by James D. Lester and James D. Lester, Jr. To the Point: Reading and Writing Short Arguments by Gilbert H. Muller and Harvey S. Wiener ISBN 0-558-55519-5 Research and Writing, Custom Edition. Published by Pearson Custom Publishing. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Custom Publishing. Taken from: Writing Research Papers: A Complete Guide, Eleventh Edition by James D. Lester and James D. Lester, Jr. Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Published by Pearson Longman, Inc. New York, New York 10036 To the Point: Reading and Writing Short Arguments by Gilbert H. Muller and Harvey S. Wiener Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Published by Pearson Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Custom Publishing All rights reserved. Permission in writing must be obtained from the publisher before any part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system. All trademarks, service marks, registered trademarks, and registered service marks are the property of their respective owners and are used herein for identification purposes only. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 0-536-97722-4 2005240359 AP Please visit our web site at www.pearsoncustom.com ISBN 0-558-55519-5 PEARSON CUSTOM PUBLISHING ...
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...00_078973706x_fm.qxd 1/14/08 2:42 PM Page i NCLEX-PN ® SECOND EDITION Wilda Rinehart Diann Sloan Clara Hurd 00_078973706x_fm.qxd 1/14/08 2:42 PM Page ii NCLEX-PN® Exam Cram, Second Edition Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. ISBN-13:978-0-7897-2706-9 ISBN-10: 0-7897-3706-x Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rinehart, Wilda. NCLEX-PN exam cram / Wilda Rinehart, Diann Sloan, Clara Hurd. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-7897-3706-9 (pbk. w/cd) 1. Practical nursing--Examinations, questions, etc. 2. Nursing--Examinations, questions, etc. 3. National Council Licensure Examination for Practical/Vocational Nurses--Study guides. I. Sloan, Diann. II. Hurd, Clara. III. Title. RT62.R55 2008 610.73'076--dc22 2008000133 Printed in the United States of America First Printing: February 2008 Trademarks All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately...
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