...suicide that Durkheim conceptualized? Page 101 s. Egoistic t. Anomic u. Altruistic v. All of the above 6.) What refers to the maintenance of a relatively constant condition? Page 103 w. Homeostasis. x. Process y. Preparation z. Communication 7.) Walter Cannon formulated the concept of the “___________” pattern of physiological change to illustrate how the body copes with stress resulting from social situation. Page 104 {. Flight or fight |. Fight or flight }. Flatten or inflate ~. Inflate or flatten 8.) Hans Selye developed a theory known as the ___________. Page 105 . General adaptation syndrome . Specific adaptation syndrome . Human adaptation syndrome . Pinpoint adaptation syndrome 9.) Leonard Pearlin...
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...was your “Stress Test” score? ____39________ • Do you think that such a test accurately captures your experience? What other stressors should be included? I think it give you a general idea of the amount of stress your under, also adding something about your children should be included. Stress, Stressors, and Coping • Psychologists differentiate stressors, strain, and stress. What does each of these terms mean? A stressor is an externalsituation or event that triggers coping adjustments in a person. Stress is the process in which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors that we believe to be threatening or challenging, and coping is the cognitive, behavioural, and emotional ways that people handle stressful situations. The General Adaptation Syndrome • Describe Selye’s general adaptation syndrome. Selye argued that every organism has a state of internal balance called homeostasis. External stressors disturb this balance, producing an immediate general physiological aarousal. The organism adjusts to the stress in stages, first mobilizing its resources, then using them to cope with the stresss, and eventually depleting its energy resources. Selye called this sequence of body reactions the general adaptation syndrome. When the stressor occurs...
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...• Do you think that such a test accurately captures your experience? What other stressors should be included? No, because I think its normal to get stressed because of my high expectations, that doesn’t mean I have problems because of it. Stress, Stressors, and Coping • Psychologists differentiate stressors, strain, and stress. What does each of these terms mean? • Stressors: prediction of someone’s health based of on stress levels. • Strain: The resulting damage of object • Stress: process of coping with environmental factors that threaten you’re life. The General Adaptation Syndrome • Describe Selye’s general adaptation syndrome. The depleting energy to overcome the stress and harms of environmental aspects that limit someone’s ability to progress. The Biology of Stress • Although both men and women experience the fight-or-flight syndrome, some scientists argue that women also can experience stress differently (tend-and-befriend). Briefly explain this hypothesis. This because natural selection developed stress relieves differently as they grow of different ways and situations. • Can you think of why this alleged gender difference in fight-or-flight and tend-and-befriend may “make sense” from an evolutionary perspective? Because natural selectionwas developed in ways that the fittest was more successful than the weaker people....
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...Effects of Stress and How We Manage Emmanuel A. Rios Community College of Aurora Abstract The paper was written to explore stress and effective ways of managing stress since so many people suffer from its ill affects. A general guideline for an abstract has five sections or areas of focus: why the experiment was conducted; the problem being addressed; what methods were used to solve the problem; the major results obtained; and the overall conclusions from the experiment as a whole. The first two sections are very similar and can be grouped together, but do not have to be. If you decide to address them separately, make sure that you do not repeat anything. Often a section can be mentioned in only one sentence. Remember, brevity is the key to a successful abstract. Each section is addressed below to help clarify what needs to be included and what can be omitted. The most important thing to remember when writing the abstract is to be brief and state only what is pertinent. No extraneous information should be included. A successful abstract is compact, accurate and self-contained. It also must be clear enough so someone who is unfamiliar with your experiment could understand why you did what you did, and what the experiment indicated in the end. An additional note is that abstracts typically are written in the passive voice, but it is acceptable to use personal pronouns such as I or we. . http://writing2.richmond.edu/training/project/biology/abslit...
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...Checkpoint: Effects of Stress 1. What steps of the general adaptation syndrome will I experience? I would think the first steps of general adaptation syndrome that I would face would be the fight or flight reaction. This would mean that my body would trigger an alarm that would tell my body to prepare to fight or flee from a threatening stressor or source of danger. 2. What emotional and cognitive effects might this stressor produce? Emotional and cognitive effects that might produce this stressor produce; anxiety, anger, and depression. As a cognitive effect; this may cause someone to have difficulty focusing on the task at hand. It might also cause difficulty remembering stuff or solving problems. I think it might cause a lot of anxiety, also. 3. If this stress continues, how might it affect my health? If this stress continues then it might affect my health greatly in many ways ranging anywhere from headaches to coronary heart diseases. I would not count out that this would probably bring on a tension headache. It could cause an anxiety attack from the anxiety levels, and that is just not a good thing. 4. How might I resolve this situation effectively to reduce my stress? Take a deep breath, count to ten, and relax. Realize that humans are bound to make mistakes, and the mistake can always be fixed. Just do the best you can at the project, ask for help from the people the assignments were already assigned to and do the best you...
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...You are currently an associate at an advertising agency where you have worked for 2 years. You are pursuing a promotion to the position of advertising executive. Whereas you have expected to put in extra hours and some added responsibility as part of earning the promotion, your boss has increased your workload significantly, including some projects that had been assigned to other associates. You have more deadlines than you think you can meet, plus the pressure of creating new and innovative material for your campaigns. Answer each of the following questions in 50 to 75 words: What steps of the general adaptation syndrome will I experience? * I would think the first steps of general adaptation syndrome that I would face would be the fight or flight reaction. This would mean that my body would trigger an alarm that would tell my body to prepare to fight or flee from a threatening stressor or source of danger * What emotional and cognitive effects might this stressor produce? * Emotional and cognitive effects that might produce this stressor produce; anxiety, anger, and depression. As a cognitive effect; this may cause someone to have difficulty focusing on the task at hand. It might also cause difficulty remembering stuff or solving problems. I think it might cause a lot of anxiety, also. * If this stress continues, how might it affect my health? * If this stress continues then it might affect my health greatly in many ways ranging anywhere from headaches...
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...Answer any five of the following questions. 2. What is the General Adaptation Syndrome, explain with an example. Scientist Hans Selye (1907-1982) introduced the General Adaptation Syndrome model in 1936 showing in three phases what the alleged effects of stress has on the body. In his work, Selye - 'the father of stress research,' developed the theory that stress is a major cause of disease because chronic stress causes long-term chemical changes. He observed that the body would respond to any external biological source of stress with a predictable biological pattern in an attempt to restore the body’s internal homeostasis. This initial hormonal reaction is your fight or flight stress response - and its purpose is for handling stress very quickly! The process of the body’s struggle to maintain balance is what Selye termed, the General Adaptation Syndrome. Pressures, tensions, and other stressors can greatly influence your normal metabolism. Selye determined that there is a limited supply of adaptive energy to deal with stress. That amount declines with continuous exposure. Going through a series of steps, your body consistently works to regain stability. With the general adaptation syndrome, a human’s adaptive response to stress has three distinct phases: ALARM STAGE - Your first reaction to stress recognizes there’s a danger and prepares to deal with the threat, a.k.a. the fight or flight response. Activation of the HPA axis, the nervous system (SNS) and the adrenal glands...
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...Tourette’s Syndrome Tourette's syndrome, also called Tourette's disorder is named after the neurologist, Gilles de la Tourette. Sometimes it is referred to as GTS but more often it is simply called Tourette's or ‘TS’. It is an inherited neurological disorder marked by movement-based (motor) tics which are abrupt, repetitive, stereotyped, non-rhythmic movements, as well as vocal (verbal or phonic) tics which are involuntary sounds produced by moving air through the nose, mouth, or throat. Tourette's is defined as part of a spectrum of tic disorders, which includes transient and chronic tics. This disorder may appear in multiple family members, and often appears (co-morbid) with other behavioral disorders, in particular - “obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)” (Hawley 2008). People with this disorder have normal life expectancy and intelligence, but symptoms can lead to decrease in normal activities (Walkup, Mink & Hollenbeck 2006). Tourette’s syndrome, as described in the psychiatric diagnostic tool DSM-IV-TR criteria is “associated with distress or social or functional impairment” (Hawley 2008). Onset and Diagnosis. The most common first sign to alert people to visit the doctor for a possible presence of Tourette’s is a facial tic such as “rapidly blinking eyes or twitches of the mouth” (NTSA 2009). Unintended, involuntary sounds such as throat clearing, shrugging or tics of the limbs may be initial signs but...
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...Arousal, Behavior, Stress, and Affect Paper Lauretha Morris PSY 355 January 24, 2012 It is necessary to understand the difference between physiological and psychological needs due to the changing in our environment. There is a close behavior pattern between the brain structure and motivation behavior that is very helpful in understanding the habits which are formed to be unhealthy to individuals. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs postulates that the needs of a person are organized into an ascending structure, going from lower physiological needs to the needs of safety, belongingness, esteem, and self- actualization (Deckers, 2005). The difference between physiological and psychological needs is that physiological is physical and it tends to deal with our thought processes and the way that the brain works. A cognitive neuroscience and focuses on the branch of biology dealing with functions and the activities of living organisms and their parts which include all the physical and chemical processes are what physiological psychology is known as. Something such as a drug, a physiological reaction would often refer to how the body physically reacts. Organisms, organ systems, organs, cell and bio molecules carry...
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...Running head: STRESS DISTRESS OF PARENTS OF CHILDREN ADMITTED TO This should be your name and course info Stress distress of parents of children admitted to intensive care unit This paper will examine stress experienced by parents of children who are admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). It will then identify the potential causes of stress in the PICU and nursing interventions that would reduce parental stress level in the PICU hence improving patient outcome as well as enabling parents to continue in their family roles to be effective and therapeutic to their children. Approximately 150,000 to 250,000 children are admitted to the PICU each year (Board & Ryan-Wagner, 2002). Admission to an intensive care unit usually comes with no warning, creating an uneasy situation for the families in which uncertainty, shock, helplessness, and confusion are some of the immediate responses (Lam & Beaulieu, 2004). Health care providers are often so focused on the patient who is severely ill or injured that the needs of the family are overlooked. Research has shown that having a child in the pediatric intensive care unit is a stressful experience for parents (Board, 1994; Board &Ryan-Wagner, 2002; Curley, 1988; Curley & Wallace, 1992; Miles et al., 1989). Miles, Carter, and colleagues studied 37 parents who recently had a child discharged from the PICU. Findings indicated that both mothers and fathers experience a high level...
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...Tourette's syndrome, also called Tourette's disorder is named after the neurologist, Gilles de la Tourette. Sometimes it is referred to as GTS but more often it is simply called Tourette's or ‘TS’. It is an inherited neurological disorder marked by movement-based (motor) tics which are abrupt, repetitive, stereotyped, non-rhythmic movements, as well as vocal (verbal or phonic) tics which are involuntary sounds produced by moving air through the nose, mouth, or throat. Tourette's is defined as part of a spectrum of tic disorders, which includes transient and chronic tics. This disorder may appear in multiple family members, and often appears (co-morbid) with other behavioral disorders, in particular - “obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)” (Hawley 2008). People with this disorder have normal life expectancy and intelligence, but symptoms can lead to decrease in normal activities (Walkup, Mink & Hollenbeck 2006). Tourette’s syndrome, as described in the psychiatric diagnostic tool DSM-IV-TR criteria is “associated with distress or social or functional impairment” (Hawley 2008). Onset and Diagnosis. The most common first sign to alert people to visit the doctor for a possible presence of Tourette’s is a facial tic such as “rapidly blinking eyes or twitches of the mouth” (NTSA 2009). Unintended, involuntary sounds such as throat clearing, shrugging or tics of the limbs may be initial signs but in certain case, although rare...
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...Organizational Commitment It is an attitude. There are two types of commitment which are organizational and continuance. Organizational commitment is the employee’s emotional attachment to identification with, and involvement in a particular organization. It is an emotional attachment, means that our feeling of loyalty to the organization. This commitment is different from continuance commitment. Continuance commitment is an employee’s calculative attachment to the organization, whereby the employee is motivated to stay only because leaving would be costly. In other words, they choose to stay because the calculated value of staying is higher than the value of working somewhere else. Consequences of organizational commitment. Loyal employees are less likely to quit their job and be absent from work. They also have higher work motivation that will lead to high job performance. In addition, it also increase the customer satisfaction because the long-tenure employees have better knowledge of work practice and the client also like to do business with the same employee. Furthermore, there are some problem which are the higher loyalty will lead to high conformity. As a result, the employee will be low in creativity. For the consequences of continuance commitment, it will lead to lower performance rating and are less likely to engage in organizational citizenship behaviours. Building organizational commitment. 1. Justice and support Apply a humanitarian values like fairness or...
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...In response to a diagnosed condition with a poor prognosis, individuals are expected to experience a range of both physical and psychological responses. The stress resulting, can be explained as “the internal process that occurs as people try to adjust to events and situations, especially those that they perceive to be beyond their coping strategies” (Bernstein et al., 2015, p. 103). Whilst the severity of the response is dependent on the individual involved, people often display similar reactions to stressors. In addition, physiological and psychological responses often occur together to form the individual’s response. The psychological responses can be further broken down into behavioural, cognitive and emotional changes. In response to a diagnosis with a poor likely outcome, individuals will likely experience a chain of emotional responses. Initially, the patient may be subjected to fear which may result in ongoing anxiety for the patient. Other common reported feelings due to stressors are anger, depression and irritability. However, in relation to a poor prognosis, individuals can often experience feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. Individuals can act to reduce their emotional stress responses by employing emotion focused coping. Typically this involves “actions that are directed toward decreasing the emotional component of a stress response” (Grivas, Letch, Down,& Carter, 2010, p.599) and may include strategies such as denial, acceptance, distancing and...
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... What steps of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) will I experience? What emotional and cognitive effects might this stressor produce? If this stress continues, how might it affect my health? How might I resolve this situation effectively? In this particular situation all stages of general adaption syndrome would be experience. The job promotion will completely overwhelm me due to all the new responsibilities I will be soon facing. The first stage I will go through is the alarm stage which is physical and emotional “flight-or-flight reaction”. It is called the alarm stage because the body begins to feel pressured therefore the body to prepare itself to fight or flee from the threatening stressor. After the alarm stage I would go through the resistance stage which is the beginning of learning how to cope with my new workload. After I have gone through the first two stages I might go through the exhaustion stage if I do not take care of myself which can lead me to feel fatigue and stress-related illness. With the job promotion I may become overwhelmed, angry or always on edge. The jobs offer more hours meaning I will have a lot of work to be completed and it must be on time therefore I will become overwhelmed with all my new responsibilities. I may also become angry and on edge due to not sleepy well. I will have a lot on my plate and I may not be in the mood to joke around therefore I will always want to get things done and if they are not being completed...
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...Emotional Disturbance Excerpt from The Inclusive Classroom: Strategies for Effective Instruction, by M.A. Mastropieri, T.E. Scruggs, 2007 edition, p. 64-69. © ______ 2007, Merrill, an imprint of Pearson Education Inc. Used by permission. All rights reserved. The reproduction, duplication, or distribution of this material by any means including but not limited to email and blogs is strictly prohibited without the explicit permission of the publisher. Prevalence and Definitions Individuals classified as having emotional disturbance (or behavioral disorders) represent 8.1% of all students ages 6–21 served under IDEA, or .72% of the school population (U.S. Department of Education, 2002a). However, prevalence studies have suggested that the actual percentage may be much higher. Boys outnumber girls in this category by about 3.5 to 1 (Oswald, Best, Coutinho, & Nagle, 2003). Emotional disturbance refers to a number of different, but related, social-emotional disabilities. Individuals classified as emotionally disturbed meet several criteria established under IDEA, including the following: * An inability to exhibit appropriate behavior under ordinary circumstances * An inability to maintain relationships with peers or teachers * An inappropriate affect such as depression or anxiety * An inappropriate manifestation of physical symptoms or fears in response to school or personal difficulties These characteristics must be manifested over an extended...
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